Plasmon Annihilation into Kaluza-Klein Graviton: New Astrophysical Constraints on Large Extra Dimensions

In large extra dimensional Kaluza-Klein (KK) scenario, where the usual Standard Model (SM) matter is confined to a 3+1-dimensional hypersurface called the 3-brane and gravity can propagate to the bulk (D=4+d, d being the number of extra spatial dimensions), the light graviton KK modes can be produced inside the supernova core due to the usual nucleon-nucleon bremstrahlung, electron-positron and photon-photon annihilations. This photon inside the supernova becomes plasmon due to the plasma effect. In this paper, we study the energy-loss rate of SN 1987A due to the KK gravitons produced from the plasmon-plasmon annihilation. We find that the SN 1987A cooling rate leads to the conservative bound $M\_D$ > 22.9 TeV and 1.38 TeV for the case of two and three space-like extra dimensions.