An exceptional X-ray view of the young open cluster NGC 6231: what XMM-Newton has taught us

Considered as the core of the Sco OB1 association, the young open cluster NGC 6231 harbours a rich O-type star population. In 2001, the XMM-Newton satellite targeted the cluster for a nominal duration of about 180 ks. Thanks to the detector sensitivity, the EPIC cameras provided an unprecedented X-ray view of NGC 6231, revealing about 600 point-like sources. In this contribution, we review the main results that have been obtained thanks to this unprecedented data set. Concerning the O-type stars, we present the latest developments related to the so-called 'canonical' Lx-Lbol relation. The dispersion around this relation might actually be much smaller than previously thought. In our data set, the sole mechanism that yields a significant deviation from this scheme is wind interaction. It is also the sole mechanism that induces a significant variation of the early-type star X-ray flux. In a second part of this contribution, we probe the properties of the optically faint X-ray sources. Most of them are believed to be low mass pre-main sequence stars. Their analysis provides direct insight into the star formation history of the cluster.