Two-dimensional semiconducting nanostructures based on single graphene sheets with lines of adsorbed hydrogen atoms

It is shown that lines of adsorbed hydrogen pair atoms divide the graphene sheet into strips and form hydrogen-based superlattice structures (2HG-SL). We show that the forming of 2HG-SL drastically changes the electronic properties of graphene from semimetal to semiconductor. The electronic spectra of "zigzag" (n,0) 2HG-SL is similar to that of (n,0) carbon nanotubes and have a similar oscillation of band gap with number n, but with non-zero minimal values. The composite dual-periodic (n,0)+(m,0) 2HG-SLs of "zigzag" strips are analyzed, with the conclusion that they may be treated as quasi-two-dimensional heterostructures. We also suggest an experimental way of fabricating hydrogen superlattices.