{"as_of":"2026-08-16T15:19:00Z","caps":{"database_statements":6,"inbound":100,"outbound":100},"context_digest":"sha256:fb1017b3ea8580f771f572997d68bffd2550c806961a8b13904b8bf7e117966b","coverage":[{"denominator":24,"lane":"reference_resolution","note":"Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.","records_observed":24,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.532092Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":24,"lane":"standing_notices","note":"One-hop event checks from named stored sources.","records_observed":24,"source":"scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","state":"measured"},{"denominator":0,"lane":"inbound_itemization","note":"Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.","records_observed":0,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":null,"state":"measured"},{"denominator":1,"lane":"external_citation_measurements","note":"A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.","records_observed":0,"source":"cited_works","source_observed_at":null,"state":"measured"}],"external_citation_measurements":[],"inbound":[],"links":{"evidence":"/evidence","html":"/paper/1908.04779/citation-record","integrity":"/paper/1908.04779/integrity","json":"/paper/1908.04779/citation-record.json","paper":"/paper/1908.04779"},"outbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1137/0206006","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:46.143053Z","title":"A fast Monte -Carlo test for primality","venue":null,"work_id":"d3aee23d-da8d-4886-a837-f3191093d27e","year":1977},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.04779","last_updated":"2022-01-09T21:40:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:30:53.655209Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-13T17:50:59Z","title":"Improved circuits for a biologically-inspired random pulse computer","version":4},"reference_index":1,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:44.994631Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.04779"},"observation_digest":"sha256:46e3c916d37b40520eb35db30f7f68c83ece4167cc7a9b1aa1fe8e400bfedbea","observation_id":"c5090777-7e86-40b3-a197-4108b762d62f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:46.148482Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1137/0207009","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:46.100543Z","title":"Erratum: A fast Monte -Carlo test for primality","venue":null,"work_id":"b1412987-bdbe-47b2-bae5-e2c787b7b24d","year":1978},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.04779","last_updated":"2022-01-09T21:40:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:30:53.655209Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-13T17:50:59Z","title":"Improved circuits for a biologically-inspired random pulse computer","version":4},"reference_index":2,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.028382Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.04779"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c5062649350d61076bdc00f4d872e1b027be16f90ea64053d346bc38baedf7b2","observation_id":"1b2abd06-b5eb-416b-af83-b23551dd5d29","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:46.132238Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.034795Z","title":"Simulating Physics with Computers","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1982},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.04779","last_updated":"2022-01-09T21:40:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:30:53.655209Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-13T17:50:59Z","title":"Improved circuits for a biologically-inspired random pulse computer","version":4},"reference_index":3,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.034795Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.04779"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4ade8d3b7466f93bf7ba5a4567c47eaf81758fc301b1df2d1cc86c2ac839ed26","observation_id":"ba08f1b6-87fe-4205-8b29-f816b19b25c2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.034795Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:46.612315Z","title":"Probabili stic logics and the synthesis of reliable organisms from unreliable components","venue":null,"work_id":"41340f8e-f4d0-408a-883a-602f7cc7024b","year":1995},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.04779","last_updated":"2022-01-09T21:40:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:30:53.655209Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-13T17:50:59Z","title":"Improved circuits for a biologically-inspired random pulse computer","version":4},"reference_index":4,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.039644Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.04779"},"observation_digest":"sha256:94dbc314ef998dea491e41f38af6a4ea16a2aaa43f8a5079ba31145e5aac0fdc","observation_id":"8b87d4d7-a9ae-4ffc-8c56-ca72e28f5aa9","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:46.644616Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"1967.26466","doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:46.465247Z","title":"Random-Pulse Machines","venue":null,"work_id":"9aeabb62-346f-4f70-98ee-c65a36259e94","year":1967},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.04779","last_updated":"2022-01-09T21:40:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:30:53.655209Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-13T17:50:59Z","title":"Improved circuits for a biologically-inspired random pulse computer","version":4},"reference_index":5,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.044789Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.04779"},"observation_digest":"sha256:0affcbfb711b03edd9c7b27a7bec6d27278065de09349edcc4de01bdcc4efdee","observation_id":"33350b5b-1835-4801-a043-ab2b19cff033","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:46.507054Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"metadata_mismatch"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.110291Z","title":"Stochastic Computing Systems","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1969},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.04779","last_updated":"2022-01-09T21:40:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:30:53.655209Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-13T17:50:59Z","title":"Improved circuits for a biologically-inspired random pulse computer","version":4},"reference_index":6,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.110291Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.04779"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d3e1c0b5cd8fb5485058b5b6dd7527007433b40c011eab54d800837360a7ebbe","observation_id":"be0b9284-76f5-4436-a5be-4963e97c5ce8","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.110291Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"malformed_identifier"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:46.555176Z","title":"Computer utilizing random pulse trains","venue":null,"work_id":"3ee19fb4-a76d-45c8-9c71-4f4713aced43","year":1971},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.04779","last_updated":"2022-01-09T21:40:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:30:53.655209Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-13T17:50:59Z","title":"Improved circuits for a biologically-inspired random pulse computer","version":4},"reference_index":7,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.162500Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.04779"},"observation_digest":"sha256:5bff401ed0ab9ba86e2ed1806bd57f5986856fb5766cf7eec13d3aebbfd0984e","observation_id":"63fc4cc9-d933-4426-a5c3-10dade71ffc9","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:46.559608Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"5787.24657","doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:46.370278Z","title":"Survey of stochastic computing","venue":null,"work_id":"4a4ad622-727b-4cd3-b425-a1a42557137b","year":2013},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.04779","last_updated":"2022-01-09T21:40:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:30:53.655209Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-13T17:50:59Z","title":"Improved circuits for a biologically-inspired random pulse computer","version":4},"reference_index":8,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.168133Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.04779"},"observation_digest":"sha256:512c8044738c2683c3168b7b78df87949f7b5feae8357bfc074ada9d52fe8037","observation_id":"ac7a4bac-d0f7-43c7-9642-a8c60f93336b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:46.400581Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"metadata_mismatch"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1145/3007648","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.984784Z","title":"Computing Polynomials Using Unipolar Stochastic Logic","venue":null,"work_id":"72b30445-c6b6-4358-be13-4d4abc476501","year":2017},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.04779","last_updated":"2022-01-09T21:40:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:30:53.655209Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-13T17:50:59Z","title":"Improved circuits for a biologically-inspired random pulse computer","version":4},"reference_index":9,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.173132Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.04779"},"observation_digest":"sha256:8c3b098844946eb6bde8b6fe622a1a4f84bd84843e791ca88e7b70305a9c7189","observation_id":"7d52104d-22f6-464d-a2e1-dd2ff8c4cebb","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:46.038436Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.178498Z","title":"Quantum random flip -flop and its applications in random frequency synthesis and true random number generation","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2016},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.04779","last_updated":"2022-01-09T21:40:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:30:53.655209Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-13T17:50:59Z","title":"Improved circuits for a biologically-inspired random pulse computer","version":4},"reference_index":10,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.178498Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.04779"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e13859c5b2e928e5c4771c8d99a530db5a0dd512d9a24245b3e8dac2baa5bf89","observation_id":"159c334c-5c00-430e-a4cd-27f6e56a06bf","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.178498Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.197227Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2000},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.04779","last_updated":"2022-01-09T21:40:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:30:53.655209Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-13T17:50:59Z","title":"Improved circuits for a biologically-inspired random pulse computer","version":4},"reference_index":11,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.197227Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.04779"},"observation_digest":"sha256:35be874cf92abc66f00546f66eef1b0ef5b36867a5a681535ddaa8adf5436424","observation_id":"365dae39-034d-4c4c-8491-e4f5fe921bf3","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.197227Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1902.09656","last_updated":"2019-02-25T23:13:13Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T17:11:23.083692Z","submitted_at":"2019-02-25T23:13:13Z","title":"A circuit for precise random frequency synthesis via a frequency locked loop","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"1902.09656","doi":null,"metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"1902.09656","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:46.266440Z","title":"A circuit for precise random frequency synthesis via a frequency locked loop","venue":"eess.SP","work_id":"350acd0e-023c-47c8-829b-d2025e1da9a2","year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.04779","last_updated":"2022-01-09T21:40:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:30:53.655209Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-13T17:50:59Z","title":"Improved circuits for a biologically-inspired random pulse computer","version":4},"reference_index":12,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.255146Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1902.09656","citing_paper":"/paper/1908.04779"},"observation_digest":"sha256:33454da23217ac3df44043487622d76a26e9c620cd0ecd846867864e7b467298","observation_id":"183ff5b5-f21c-4aa3-964c-62e7f67f18ae","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:46.271911Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1063/1.1809295","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.949262Z","title":"Fast nondeterministic random bit gene rator based on weakly correlated physical events","venue":null,"work_id":"b1351ee8-7cd9-43d8-a180-d2b2adb59254","year":2004},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.04779","last_updated":"2022-01-09T21:40:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:30:53.655209Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-13T17:50:59Z","title":"Improved circuits for a biologically-inspired random pulse computer","version":4},"reference_index":13,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.275457Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.04779"},"observation_digest":"sha256:cfaa3e04e224a80c526c4b6f35ee571cd493abce21bef89217f56d9b857fb09f","observation_id":"e892e9de-ffc2-4272-bb09-b7d68bdde00c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.954156Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.280141Z","title":"Elements of information theory","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2006},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.04779","last_updated":"2022-01-09T21:40:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:30:53.655209Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-13T17:50:59Z","title":"Improved circuits for a biologically-inspired random pulse computer","version":4},"reference_index":14,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.280141Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.04779"},"observation_digest":"sha256:cf4c01b6578211e772fb94cc6960e73f6d024aa597f8f9d962982771c77117bf","observation_id":"4092f36c-8e72-40e9-9969-15032e37b1b6","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.280141Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1007/bf00962708","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.866310Z","title":"Do neurons have a voltage or a current threshold for action potential initiation?","venue":null,"work_id":"9eaa99f9-62ea-4cba-ab41-585d624f7dcb","year":1995},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.04779","last_updated":"2022-01-09T21:40:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:30:53.655209Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-13T17:50:59Z","title":"Improved circuits for a biologically-inspired random pulse computer","version":4},"reference_index":15,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.284677Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.04779"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f546e1fb682cb5d1d95d64c0661e60538c660d47628924357a503aa383d368e0","observation_id":"1a79469c-7925-435c-9e24-966e7ac2b58e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.926796Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1016/b978-0-12-815480-9.00001-3","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.768444Z","title":"Nature's Learning Rule: The Hebbian-LMS Algorithm","venue":null,"work_id":"aaa31807-e0cf-4d54-b9bb-91e82cb40029","year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.04779","last_updated":"2022-01-09T21:40:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:30:53.655209Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-13T17:50:59Z","title":"Improved circuits for a biologically-inspired random pulse computer","version":4},"reference_index":16,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.289439Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.04779"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a68aa1787efb5add35b38e96c5de937c2a9c8d35084d427cbaf02c4f4ab27e8a","observation_id":"96d29f24-ffe7-42c3-bd6b-c3fbf5740a2e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.820949Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.3375-","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.752040Z","title":"The Beat Goes On: Spontaneous Firing in Mammalian Neuronal Microcircuits","venue":null,"work_id":"53252b7a-e0c1-4fe3-a277-8fa5a200be6e","year":2004},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.04779","last_updated":"2022-01-09T21:40:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:30:53.655209Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-13T17:50:59Z","title":"Improved circuits for a biologically-inspired random pulse computer","version":4},"reference_index":17,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.374555Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.04779"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ab76b483f84a45b4be39634552b7434a3b3f482ff651490a9d372f4fba10f5b8","observation_id":"395ea73d-1925-40fb-98eb-4416da28281f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.757981Z","resolver_source":"doi_truncated","status":"malformed_identifier"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1038/s41467-019-13177-3","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.657978Z","title":"Optimal solid state neurons","venue":null,"work_id":"2c199515-c132-43f4-aad2-2dc46715fd10","year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.04779","last_updated":"2022-01-09T21:40:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:30:53.655209Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-13T17:50:59Z","title":"Improved circuits for a biologically-inspired random pulse computer","version":4},"reference_index":18,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.420964Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.04779"},"observation_digest":"sha256:34331728cf065e60ed575f57678f1204ace8f76f1f33c587cd8f66bbfc8116a4","observation_id":"9602d1b3-e091-4e57-bee1-f3575fb45eb3","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.723853Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.425502Z","title":"On-chip photonic synapse","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2017},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.04779","last_updated":"2022-01-09T21:40:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:30:53.655209Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-13T17:50:59Z","title":"Improved circuits for a biologically-inspired random pulse computer","version":4},"reference_index":19,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.425502Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.04779"},"observation_digest":"sha256:08fae1c666cc4887f90dd7641b915bec1aeaa167d19114ab59488f0cd904eb90","observation_id":"86118ff7-4774-45f6-bf03-c5243052ed22","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.425502Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.429596Z","title":"Über einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichtes betreffenden heuristischen Gesichttspunkt","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1905},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.04779","last_updated":"2022-01-09T21:40:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:30:53.655209Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-13T17:50:59Z","title":"Improved circuits for a biologically-inspired random pulse computer","version":4},"reference_index":20,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.429596Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.04779"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2f3ce85376f4379ca23a036cee271cf679180d266b45c6b08389b0f24d9c4fdc","observation_id":"1f2e6f98-23c6-4c53-9b58-e56c30d0336b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.429596Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1364/ao.48.001705","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.624224Z","title":"Active quenching circuit for single -photon detection with Geiger mode avalanche photodiodes","venue":null,"work_id":"5a799893-91c1-4698-9939-8046d8deb980","year":2009},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.04779","last_updated":"2022-01-09T21:40:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:30:53.655209Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-13T17:50:59Z","title":"Improved circuits for a biologically-inspired random pulse computer","version":4},"reference_index":21,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.434801Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.04779"},"observation_digest":"sha256:17deb5b6640b475ed83ff18c75cc4d7d8cf7b5cc5d9d0747da1729fecd9d979a","observation_id":"e4cdf1c6-7a63-4caf-8a23-e15257a2cab6","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.628998Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2018.83023","doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:46.233035Z","title":"Computing with Randomness","venue":null,"work_id":"d0dcb465-03c1-43fa-939d-9c2e9f2cf2f6","year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.04779","last_updated":"2022-01-09T21:40:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:30:53.655209Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-13T17:50:59Z","title":"Improved circuits for a biologically-inspired random pulse computer","version":4},"reference_index":22,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.454349Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.04779"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b8b2acde8f0dfbdfd1d40577d6f4dc1e0f015d657980e1c7090a6bfbd42f6f70","observation_id":"13b2118e-3aeb-43a4-bc83-757d6f807d8f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:46.249499Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"metadata_mismatch"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:46.539791Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"59c37803-8ba4-44af-917b-49620766b860","year":2010},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.04779","last_updated":"2022-01-09T21:40:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:30:53.655209Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-13T17:50:59Z","title":"Improved circuits for a biologically-inspired random pulse computer","version":4},"reference_index":23,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.504762Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.04779"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f007312c31bca71cdc46f6377e35b4187f5d5b62e76376351964594301162a84","observation_id":"42a8a368-c468-4997-87e9-667d46f33ce2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:46.544536Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1103/physrevapplied.13.034016","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.563162Z","title":"Energy - Efficient Stochastic Computing with Superparamagnetic Tunnel Junctions","venue":null,"work_id":"d37d3018-fca1-4109-8a07-3c4ea8a6ff66","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.04779","last_updated":"2022-01-09T21:40:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:30:53.655209Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-13T17:50:59Z","title":"Improved circuits for a biologically-inspired random pulse computer","version":4},"reference_index":24,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.532092Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.04779"},"observation_digest":"sha256:8cce019c80364b124a53325d3ad877ee5dbcdab4e0ef3338967e02a2e184e375","observation_id":"f339eabf-6383-4824-8d6b-2dee38b3c3c6","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:38:45.613563Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}}],"paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.04779","last_updated":"2022-01-09T21:40:27Z","latest_version":4,"primary_category":"cs.ET","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T13:30:53.655209Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-13T17:50:59Z","title":"Improved circuits for a biologically-inspired random pulse computer"},"reference_resolution":{"displayed":24,"state_counts":{"malformed_identifier":2,"metadata_mismatch":3,"parse_uncertain":0,"unresolved":7,"verified_exact":10,"verified_fuzzy":2},"total_outbound_references":24},"refusal":"A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.","schema":"pith.paper-citation-record.v1","standing_sources":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"thesis":"As of 16 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 24 of 24 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:1908.04779."}