{"as_of":"2026-08-17T03:08:00Z","caps":{"database_statements":6,"inbound":100,"outbound":100},"context_digest":"sha256:0d0b6867a839cef3da4e7e3972639ba8fcf383aa12e8b3fd2dd4fb69cd73f261","coverage":[{"denominator":28,"lane":"reference_resolution","note":"Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.","records_observed":28,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.746540Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":28,"lane":"standing_notices","note":"One-hop event checks from named stored sources.","records_observed":28,"source":"scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","state":"measured"},{"denominator":0,"lane":"inbound_itemization","note":"Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.","records_observed":0,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":null,"state":"measured"},{"denominator":1,"lane":"external_citation_measurements","note":"A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.","records_observed":0,"source":"cited_works","source_observed_at":null,"state":"measured"}],"external_citation_measurements":[],"inbound":[],"links":{"evidence":"/evidence","html":"/paper/1908.07565/citation-record","integrity":"/paper/1908.07565/integrity","json":"/paper/1908.07565/citation-record.json","paper":"/paper/1908.07565"},"outbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:47.726957Z","title":"Network Science","venue":null,"work_id":"8ec42ad6-4e1c-4da8-a715-cc67f59815c7","year":2016},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.07565","last_updated":"2022-02-16T19:02:31Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:28:37.377357Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-20T18:43:34Z","title":"Finding the right scale of a network: Efficient identification of causal emergence through spectral clustering","version":2},"reference_index":1,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.496877Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.07565"},"observation_digest":"sha256:04e02cdf5a09640320489869e2a67f2206360e3ebe56a002777183da45263925","observation_id":"41907793-26be-4b18-936a-4b4823db1246","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:47.734468Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1907.03902","last_updated":"2020-01-21T23:31:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T09:44:27.617514Z","submitted_at":"2019-07-08T23:00:27Z","title":"The emergence of informative higher scales in complex networks","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"1907.03902","doi":null,"metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"1907.03902","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:47.353671Z","title":"The emergence of informative higher scales in complex networks","venue":"physics.soc-ph","work_id":"2a4eb06e-aa39-4d60-a6cb-a8ff809b3080","year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.07565","last_updated":"2022-02-16T19:02:31Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:28:37.377357Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-20T18:43:34Z","title":"Finding the right scale of a network: Efficient identification of causal emergence through spectral clustering","version":2},"reference_index":2,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.507856Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1907.03902","citing_paper":"/paper/1908.07565"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a5bf758c993b14da942589228f03bc38554fee18a0061d3304488d58e0a6b5b8","observation_id":"1ecfa5a3-e528-4743-b4a1-9393b0972b91","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:47.365201Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:47.693713Z","title":"Beyond reductionism","venue":null,"work_id":"ad807383-0b25-4141-b751-89577398e376","year":1999},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.07565","last_updated":"2022-02-16T19:02:31Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:28:37.377357Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-20T18:43:34Z","title":"Finding the right scale of a network: Efficient identification of causal emergence through spectral clustering","version":2},"reference_index":3,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.516416Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.07565"},"observation_digest":"sha256:99456ba7a5056b87d54f73e5af1527db3d8959bd4426746df15443ba56290734","observation_id":"57c905a7-0d9e-4935-8d00-ff3942d8bfa5","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:47.707757Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.533184Z","title":"Quantifying causal emergence shows that macro can beat micro","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2013},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.07565","last_updated":"2022-02-16T19:02:31Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:28:37.377357Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-20T18:43:34Z","title":"Finding the right scale of a network: Efficient identification of causal emergence through spectral clustering","version":2},"reference_index":4,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.533184Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.07565"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9385cfb22ae5d37c7bb108760ff2e177edb049c2bd92a414daacbd88aa64cc23","observation_id":"406005e0-8265-4a50-bde6-ae8d1e3549a5","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.533184Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.542479Z","title":"Can the macro beat the micro? Integrated information across spatiotemporal scales","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2016},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.07565","last_updated":"2022-02-16T19:02:31Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:28:37.377357Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-20T18:43:34Z","title":"Finding the right scale of a network: Efficient identification of causal emergence through spectral clustering","version":2},"reference_index":5,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.542479Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.07565"},"observation_digest":"sha256:bc5d0b0d2059d92a74f1c6277f7ee801a3a9b9b346d7c73d9d45ea3998cc8d79","observation_id":"a6708df7-4be1-45c9-ba7e-550115b6d087","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.542479Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:47.643943Z","title":"When the map is better than the territory","venue":null,"work_id":"4ec5e1b2-cb68-41c6-bc74-cbdeba950954","year":2017},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.07565","last_updated":"2022-02-16T19:02:31Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:28:37.377357Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-20T18:43:34Z","title":"Finding the right scale of a network: Efficient identification of causal emergence through spectral clustering","version":2},"reference_index":6,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.550147Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.07565"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c064b61ffc850cc219b7d15e930419dad3eaac832ebb6df0a9eba5bb471d891a","observation_id":"b272a7a6-b6fe-49d9-9ae0-85ad39dff0dc","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:47.655311Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"malformed_identifier"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.556806Z","title":"OPTICS: Ordering points to identify the clustering structure","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1999},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.07565","last_updated":"2022-02-16T19:02:31Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:28:37.377357Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-20T18:43:34Z","title":"Finding the right scale of a network: Efficient identification of causal emergence through spectral clustering","version":2},"reference_index":7,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.556806Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.07565"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d88a9ea166b5e2b11a4bb21e6eaff9b18f62c5c474bd246e58915888be5823e6","observation_id":"8eba2097-a80c-46b9-a0a1-a9cb4035d44e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.556806Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.566989Z","title":"Representing higher-order dependencies in networks","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2016},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.07565","last_updated":"2022-02-16T19:02:31Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:28:37.377357Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-20T18:43:34Z","title":"Finding the right scale of a network: Efficient identification of causal emergence through spectral clustering","version":2},"reference_index":8,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.566989Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.07565"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4f56ca72b6dca51b14ba2d0cb5f9e350b92829c1b7589ce26e0a84f333bd365d","observation_id":"6d9677ac-6073-40bf-9ca6-8377952a02b0","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.566989Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:47.613709Z","title":"Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems: Networks of Plausible Inference","venue":null,"work_id":"a71e0bc9-2a9c-4130-abb5-6e17379bdc2e","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.07565","last_updated":"2022-02-16T19:02:31Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:28:37.377357Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-20T18:43:34Z","title":"Finding the right scale of a network: Efficient identification of causal emergence through spectral clustering","version":2},"reference_index":9,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.577861Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.07565"},"observation_digest":"sha256:70fc518685877475f7f950f3ec249da02b5688dea7112b9b206e82492f3b7cc3","observation_id":"8711ab59-0f06-4ae1-b50f-740074dcb1ce","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:47.624794Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:47.586112Z","title":"Laplacian of graphs and algebraic connectivity","venue":null,"work_id":"0752c209-c353-4737-837e-1f4035ee8206","year":1989},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.07565","last_updated":"2022-02-16T19:02:31Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:28:37.377357Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-20T18:43:34Z","title":"Finding the right scale of a network: Efficient identification of causal emergence through spectral clustering","version":2},"reference_index":10,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.588231Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.07565"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a14e1fc06f264c810a9ec1d697bfadd45989cb703da91cd0fd7ea445c735b919","observation_id":"0b567d60-2ee3-418a-8e4e-0bae4c413154","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:47.595788Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:47.526433Z","title":"On the performance of spectral graph partitioning methods","venue":null,"work_id":"5c2703a6-adef-45d1-bb0e-fdfb1168d84f","year":1995},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.07565","last_updated":"2022-02-16T19:02:31Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:28:37.377357Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-20T18:43:34Z","title":"Finding the right scale of a network: Efficient identification of causal emergence through spectral clustering","version":2},"reference_index":11,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.597596Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.07565"},"observation_digest":"sha256:30ec0bcb61781c6b5595ac9e43d400d50f7d7e4142ea33312f36adb4a1d5c974","observation_id":"84495c4c-085f-4eb5-8a1a-1a5be7660792","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:47.535405Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.605026Z","title":"Spectral partitioning works: Planar graphs and ﬁnite ele- ment meshes","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2007},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.07565","last_updated":"2022-02-16T19:02:31Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:28:37.377357Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-20T18:43:34Z","title":"Finding the right scale of a network: Efficient identification of causal emergence through spectral clustering","version":2},"reference_index":12,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.605026Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.07565"},"observation_digest":"sha256:738ecc09641150b6ee18fc86553f5b238cee9f896f7c657ba44054f4c78e808b","observation_id":"4fca42ce-94ff-4336-9956-f1eb17ffe410","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.605026Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.614937Z","title":"Spectra of random graphs with given expected degrees","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2003},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.07565","last_updated":"2022-02-16T19:02:31Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:28:37.377357Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-20T18:43:34Z","title":"Finding the right scale of a network: Efficient identification of causal emergence through spectral clustering","version":2},"reference_index":13,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.614937Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.07565"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1dff6cc9b36918966be4f3db379b94373688df71d15ad18d30e58470589df6a0","observation_id":"e16d60ae-a81b-4e31-969c-2744fc511b80","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.614937Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.14419/ijamr.v5i2.6106","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:47.077337Z","title":"Spectra of some simple graphs","venue":null,"work_id":"0d89ce6f-ae09-407f-909c-2cdf4ef94e2e","year":2015},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.07565","last_updated":"2022-02-16T19:02:31Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:28:37.377357Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-20T18:43:34Z","title":"Finding the right scale of a network: Efficient identification of causal emergence through spectral clustering","version":2},"reference_index":14,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.625000Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.07565"},"observation_digest":"sha256:fea465c375402f9b41d30033a159e631871dd295bfb1dd692c2b7e096c7029d4","observation_id":"9f2639fc-81dd-4e07-a2e6-b548fd26386d","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:47.086591Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:47.496845Z","title":"Introduction to Linear Algebra","venue":null,"work_id":"05591802-91c4-4567-a012-6d545058b4e2","year":2009},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.07565","last_updated":"2022-02-16T19:02:31Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:28:37.377357Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-20T18:43:34Z","title":"Finding the right scale of a network: Efficient identification of causal emergence through spectral clustering","version":2},"reference_index":15,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.636274Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.07565"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1f5da0f8358e7e1f96cc7f4f2bcd4360e23c3d39da6dea1b5e6381cbe68b718f","observation_id":"59fe4011-aff8-44f4-99d3-249d4cb7805c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:47.506885Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1609.04747","last_updated":"2017-06-15T13:21:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T03:49:17.013617Z","submitted_at":"2016-09-15T17:32:34Z","title":"An overview of gradient descent optimization algorithms","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1609.04747","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.649690Z","title":"An overview of gradient descent optimization algorithms","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2016},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.07565","last_updated":"2022-02-16T19:02:31Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:28:37.377357Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-20T18:43:34Z","title":"Finding the right scale of a network: Efficient identification of causal emergence through spectral clustering","version":2},"reference_index":16,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.649690Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1609.04747","citing_paper":"/paper/1908.07565"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f5accb93d631b5392d1bcd3418e13dc8351ed21b226a0b15164a98a3d9b20eff","observation_id":"ed94680e-6d1a-45b7-bf61-211552cc14d0","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.649690Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:47.463331Z","title":"A method for unconstrained convex minimization problem with the rate of convergence O (1/kˆ 2)","venue":null,"work_id":"7bf6115c-9859-474b-ae2b-ac5ffa63b66c","year":1983},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.07565","last_updated":"2022-02-16T19:02:31Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:28:37.377357Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-20T18:43:34Z","title":"Finding the right scale of a network: Efficient identification of causal emergence through spectral clustering","version":2},"reference_index":17,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.657895Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.07565"},"observation_digest":"sha256:6738bb0c83f608eb1a17fbe9d4bec6bd1db400ec86157df93a03cc7cd95e8f90","observation_id":"96d17da1-1a43-498f-bf9b-a47a97f13a42","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:47.472985Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.665739Z","title":"Scale-free networks: a decade and beyond","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2009},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.07565","last_updated":"2022-02-16T19:02:31Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:28:37.377357Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-20T18:43:34Z","title":"Finding the right scale of a network: Efficient identification of causal emergence through spectral clustering","version":2},"reference_index":18,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.665739Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.07565"},"observation_digest":"sha256:732dfd4dbd26587969a4bc2575a367a4d5990f99ca33df4301d23ba1128fae06","observation_id":"18117237-4489-4e53-a81f-97f7a78d33e9","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.665739Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.676068Z","title":"Eﬃcient behavior of small-world networks","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2001},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.07565","last_updated":"2022-02-16T19:02:31Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:28:37.377357Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-20T18:43:34Z","title":"Finding the right scale of a network: Efficient identification of causal emergence through spectral clustering","version":2},"reference_index":19,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.676068Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.07565"},"observation_digest":"sha256:7fe89a746a4f5aa62f3485dc4e48c4592abcc88b7ab531c475a4eb50bafa3ce7","observation_id":"fde2c1e0-76b7-4a21-b5f0-0a290b74ddf6","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.676068Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.684361Z","title":"A set of measures of centrality based on betweenness","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1977},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.07565","last_updated":"2022-02-16T19:02:31Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:28:37.377357Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-20T18:43:34Z","title":"Finding the right scale of a network: Efficient identification of causal emergence through spectral clustering","version":2},"reference_index":20,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.684361Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.07565"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f792d19da7fcaa10978c6f73dc3ab9d5b972573ca8fb7b50ea067b7346506a26","observation_id":"0302b770-8964-41af-87f6-47cca21c132c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.684361Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:47.438203Z","title":"Eigenvector-centrality—a node-centrality?","venue":null,"work_id":"4fef7092-ebe9-47de-971f-cde7d765e875","year":2000},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.07565","last_updated":"2022-02-16T19:02:31Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:28:37.377357Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-20T18:43:34Z","title":"Finding the right scale of a network: Efficient identification of causal emergence through spectral clustering","version":2},"reference_index":21,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.691548Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.07565"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9ac0aca0bf4706c55d418452c304af4c244745013a617c4519fdd0829d061206","observation_id":"f961c1ab-8242-423d-a920-f01680dfb414","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:47.445359Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.711784Z","title":"Communicability in complex networks","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2008},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.07565","last_updated":"2022-02-16T19:02:31Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:28:37.377357Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-20T18:43:34Z","title":"Finding the right scale of a network: Efficient identification of causal emergence through spectral clustering","version":2},"reference_index":22,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.711784Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.07565"},"observation_digest":"sha256:58cdb9a74d1d8651eb87e9befe9480fc5f5882c84f0c9348526b4c791f7c9305","observation_id":"1b075cb5-b574-4f6f-b416-c05f30973d3d","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.711784Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1103/physreve.98.012319","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.864233Z","title":"Complex network comparison based on communicability sequence entropy","venue":null,"work_id":"5a9071c7-6ebb-4866-9293-7e909e3436dc","year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.07565","last_updated":"2022-02-16T19:02:31Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:28:37.377357Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-20T18:43:34Z","title":"Finding the right scale of a network: Efficient identification of causal emergence through spectral clustering","version":2},"reference_index":23,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.720643Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.07565"},"observation_digest":"sha256:63666df073b8b616b69748b871d2b76109f750a5dea8c056ddc8908c444c0323","observation_id":"251126e8-e3af-4f55-beaa-a858c5f7c754","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.878034Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:47.386329Z","title":"Empirical comparison of algorithms for network community detection","venue":null,"work_id":"4c5b849f-2a33-4f7d-b500-d2889f92221c","year":2010},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.07565","last_updated":"2022-02-16T19:02:31Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:28:37.377357Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-20T18:43:34Z","title":"Finding the right scale of a network: Efficient identification of causal emergence through spectral clustering","version":2},"reference_index":24,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.732333Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.07565"},"observation_digest":"sha256:7cd5883ba351d43000fa199644f69ea73b8ff4eea58ffde6b390edcbeabb8673","observation_id":"010442a8-5922-4968-a328-1334b82639f2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:47.399821Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.741158Z","title":"The minicolumn hypothesis in neuroscience","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2002},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.07565","last_updated":"2022-02-16T19:02:31Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:28:37.377357Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-20T18:43:34Z","title":"Finding the right scale of a network: Efficient identification of causal emergence through spectral clustering","version":2},"reference_index":25,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.741158Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.07565"},"observation_digest":"sha256:bd01daebd0da66ffd4cf9ef59839c679d4edf76a6ed8c2333ab651a758d56737","observation_id":"e33f806d-15b2-4b3b-b7a2-4e3894bce7f2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.741158Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.746540Z","title":"From the neuron doctrine to neural networks","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2015},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.07565","last_updated":"2022-02-16T19:02:31Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:28:37.377357Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-20T18:43:34Z","title":"Finding the right scale of a network: Efficient identification of causal emergence through spectral clustering","version":2},"reference_index":26,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.746540Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.07565"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f1fe48aa365488f8457c90fb7281a8a1ca338477c81b5266753f60be5f89b703","observation_id":"52748e5b-963d-44dd-9c11-4a63fb057fd1","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.746540Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1126/science.284.5411.79","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:47.256783Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"4b5ae6e4-17d3-4ead-833c-9b8e7c1e41aa","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.07565","last_updated":"2022-02-16T19:02:31Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:28:37.377357Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-20T18:43:34Z","title":"Finding the right scale of a network: Efficient identification of causal emergence through spectral clustering","version":2},"reference_index":80,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.522798Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.07565"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ec2b1237584608f5c6d1fd3503469e230c7ac4f0218d629c10bca26cc3a192e5","observation_id":"ce13c570-e274-4fe4-917f-1f449f590b2e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:47.268106Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0378-8733(00)00031-9","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.926837Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"9a68de76-2846-45e5-990f-a9ae4bbdf00a","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.07565","last_updated":"2022-02-16T19:02:31Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:28:37.377357Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-20T18:43:34Z","title":"Finding the right scale of a network: Efficient identification of causal emergence through spectral clustering","version":2},"reference_index":365,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.702563Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1908.07565"},"observation_digest":"sha256:105461e08774a61343a8e4bdf8096711ebfd89f5accdf829bb3f740232e857ad","observation_id":"afcaf2bd-ee8b-4057-a865-569666ca49fd","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T12:22:46.942293Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}}],"paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.07565","last_updated":"2022-02-16T19:02:31Z","latest_version":2,"primary_category":"cs.SI","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:28:37.377357Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-20T18:43:34Z","title":"Finding the right scale of a network: Efficient identification of causal emergence through spectral clustering"},"reference_resolution":{"displayed":28,"state_counts":{"malformed_identifier":1,"metadata_mismatch":0,"parse_uncertain":0,"unresolved":13,"verified_exact":5,"verified_fuzzy":9},"total_outbound_references":28},"refusal":"A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.","schema":"pith.paper-citation-record.v1","standing_sources":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"thesis":"As of 17 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 28 of 28 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:1908.07565."}