{"as_of":"2026-08-20T13:23:00Z","caps":{"database_statements":6,"inbound":100,"outbound":100},"context_digest":"sha256:b731605982828d06d7549289de7a94b9c4db38251488a2249ad8c35df10e8022","coverage":[{"denominator":60,"lane":"reference_resolution","note":"Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.","records_observed":60,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.342464Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":60,"lane":"standing_notices","note":"One-hop event checks from named stored sources.","records_observed":60,"source":"scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache","source_observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","state":"measured"},{"denominator":0,"lane":"inbound_itemization","note":"Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.","records_observed":0,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":null,"state":"measured"},{"denominator":1,"lane":"external_citation_measurements","note":"A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.","records_observed":0,"source":"cited_works","source_observed_at":null,"state":"measured"}],"external_citation_measurements":[],"inbound":[],"links":{"evidence":"/evidence","html":"/paper/1909.00066/citation-record","integrity":"/paper/1909.00066/integrity","json":"/paper/1909.00066/citation-record.json","paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"outbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:19.160084Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"1ee5dddf-4e3b-4e79-956b-1da378e27298","year":2017},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":1,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.082563Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:290215effb734e25d0199370ae58ed8e72af7c63429eb50f82850b37537aada8","observation_id":"1f3fff77-2a8b-4041-b8b7-c28807b3f312","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:19.164702Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:19.146122Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"98c7fb91-586f-4765-822a-018a4cf9dbe7","year":2011},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":2,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.087858Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:3534368ca51b3821b3795da7407a73e40810acb981e27a2c7b0637f288ed053d","observation_id":"fa10b034-86ef-4f2e-aca2-605d6c60095b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:19.150714Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:19.131871Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"85c21b2f-7856-45b8-a752-3b52b4f4dc91","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":3,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.092190Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:16eca21dd6d4a201ebbe77596e7ab44d3c6246ab095bd455e684358d924fbcfb","observation_id":"9860c6c1-1b6e-4748-8846-2412f54da09e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:19.136738Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.101752Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2016},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":4,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.101752Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4cf48580c670169c00e7bdd98975f53da4026a2e7de2b31671469cf8a3b5fc64","observation_id":"8287ebeb-a94e-41eb-b1a2-5410fe15a0c9","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.101752Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:19.108732Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"a511f4ec-311a-40a5-8bb6-3eea4aae7245","year":2009},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":5,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.106381Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:cb383c364cc7c00738cab6133b78ee5fcbacfb3b7034a5e49cbb00a7ec3db12a","observation_id":"317e016a-7065-45b9-84f5-02f72ca47e63","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:19.113184Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.110810Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2015},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":6,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.110810Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c8147d8c25f0db03f9758980a960b1da99f8710868b1ff37826aead159e94a77","observation_id":"a09ae796-b11c-4b56-b54d-8174ec4fdfa9","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.110810Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.115454Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2017},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":7,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.115454Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1d2b67acaab599708ea9c929806ca4859290668e2563d750724e9064abd95a87","observation_id":"778e60e6-83b1-4619-adda-92fb8424a0c3","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.115454Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:19.078731Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"4c0c1c10-bebc-4460-8991-dfcab35609f5","year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":8,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.119632Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b660ce06da9c637535836fd93521678ef065df99a19d5f98962e3eca8df6b0bb","observation_id":"194e6b01-251d-4838-b15e-35be6ef36f0d","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:19.083051Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1810.08810","last_updated":"2018-10-20T14:24:05Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:11:48.725875Z","submitted_at":"2018-10-20T14:24:05Z","title":"The Frontiers of Fairness in Machine Learning","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1810.08810","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.124019Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":9,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.124019Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1810.08810","citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:25858fa00226e3c3c98490018a669ce68724a60d1038d329f37ac579acd3980b","observation_id":"87cb5784-1225-4795-b768-c59ef16bdcdb","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.124019Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:19.064127Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"57ac30a8-7202-422d-af81-dfc4137fbc63","year":2017},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":10,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.128766Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1443ae2d9e9cd2f2d69352f6b1d4efd4ff13c4f10a28b893f0c0b6f35e1296a3","observation_id":"56df24af-05b2-4f8e-9faf-f6d0a90c73ac","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:19.069447Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1807.00905","last_updated":"2018-07-04T22:55:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:56:27.845158Z","submitted_at":"2018-07-02T21:48:59Z","title":"Learning under selective labels in the presence of expert consistency","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1807.00905","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.133934Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":11,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.133934Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1807.00905","citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:eb83d0bee64618c1b39dcc017366a34bb07167384c567ad15fe58a69e862ef2f","observation_id":"e5e318c0-96f6-45cc-8501-e6847a49026c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.133934Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:19.049936Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"5b3e1b3f-4f01-4b69-8bd4-91f9673ee417","year":2011},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":12,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.138720Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4c0743a2c15fdb4ebd81698a67e254cdf6698e22c00fe7e60b64da4636f17243","observation_id":"fabd87a2-3cd7-4d64-b922-c7dc942ccaf3","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:19.054872Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.142810Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":13,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.142810Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:96f316a0fbe98517ac7c288f3591aad93d3620425c59dd2ed3fb14f71194604d","observation_id":"389236e8-6474-43be-ae1d-b1cb3a1231d1","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.142810Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1103.4601","last_updated":"2011-05-06T02:38:18Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T04:51:29.366364Z","submitted_at":"2011-03-23T19:37:45Z","title":"Doubly Robust Policy Evaluation and Learning","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1103.4601","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.146893Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2011},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":14,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.146893Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1103.4601","citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:727e109a19d24fec36213001d2c2bc804f89121b2488227aae9e15c80bee8436","observation_id":"7ca19668-ac3e-4cc2-93eb-2a7e9f33fcb8","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.146893Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:19.027195Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"7a00f1aa-40fe-46cb-ba3b-a91369d9c2d6","year":2012},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":15,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.151857Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:88bfc9d49343e5ecd3b51f678f0d53ccb989efe0f46cbb9b3bccbd3f90350221","observation_id":"ef2d3b32-6256-46e6-a503-a6994e32683a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:19.031891Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:19.013674Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"567a6950-7295-4aa3-838a-59cc164660f6","year":2016},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":16,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.156187Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4c3d70364342749b690cd7bfbb0eb777c4f45f0753db0f22bf01c4640707ac57","observation_id":"101c13c0-4054-4396-981a-20fb49749e3b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:19.017823Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:19.000269Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"206be522-9bb7-42c2-949d-2c014259e956","year":2016},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":17,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.160340Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ab16c889faf14b07de9ac2c550787c85ac01985e3339d0d20d26dbd233c069d7","observation_id":"a91f3c66-c427-4eb0-8f68-41d0c180b3b8","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:19.004667Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.987476Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"f6edb449-2042-4864-80cf-26347fa39f8a","year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":18,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.164935Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:06d40483988c487cc1342ee29a2cc4b8722759980ce99bf1c47446ad91330660","observation_id":"0ed5cc43-8a13-4aea-b4fd-8a19a784bf1b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.991809Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.974168Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"88af3262-157a-4fa1-9a43-9c27f3839fd9","year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":19,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.168846Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:383ce49f315e46b8b78ace7969287e321dbc935abdd9f80d5f9d2331f77b710d","observation_id":"459084ea-7f1e-49d3-b41d-d37fbc595620","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.978518Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.960501Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"7f9484b4-9f11-4546-b155-d1c625fecada","year":2012},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":20,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.172895Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:99a82a5d78a67ffd8b46400c25a21782e03e9be44d4e533585d432f9f874e69e","observation_id":"c5ec45d2-27ac-4327-93b2-5e0dbe8178ae","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.965378Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.947256Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"3f405313-50e7-4007-bf75-6563f346f838","year":2011},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":21,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.177427Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:803f4fbf537552a58bccee02826974122b185110a7c3e944fb5210eb73f50385","observation_id":"b47922f3-b9fe-4a2a-b02d-ed984b26d779","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.951811Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.934081Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"307f9da1-b1be-4ab2-9a31-4c36c7886b83","year":2017},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":22,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.181897Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:173077c65fa163ceb10c7da1f952c7712903556e86886f384e9292fc615f2f1e","observation_id":"befe833c-7a87-443e-a7c5-fcb87e37cf75","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.938328Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.920439Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"688298bf-0cee-4060-a4c0-a7c30ab2fbd5","year":2016},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":23,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.185893Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b66ccb6990e93b1a82127a87944e5c20c682e295651c00507835e29def6b2d48","observation_id":"cee14d16-4aa7-4d0d-8432-4314f0e4eb3e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.925084Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.906810Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"78044b29-2e5d-48ef-9ded-09bdcdc6f286","year":2017},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":24,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.190122Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:57e55272073e808215b0d8e0ad15c2bb27ba55cb2451e24559194dcc60e0dab7","observation_id":"aa6f5a60-a32d-4e3d-aee9-4a8b4ffc418b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.911022Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.893508Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"9f78b067-2500-4ffa-baae-e8d0b61bb895","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":25,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.194142Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e1fb38fb35baddfa77873c3daa283ca9fb1aa9a69d4ff99731d12a1ae370a60e","observation_id":"506bd1f1-71cb-4088-8084-cff2fcca594a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.897907Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.866460Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"a915c225-8c74-45de-9e56-e96f14ae8e06","year":2017},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":26,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.203663Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:bb118f89eb2a63d905fa136013ee9c46be3ac9505f9653586030b17b1cc9cdf6","observation_id":"afdb495a-7c62-469d-8380-7419483743b2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.870626Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.853123Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"1612957a-bfcf-48a8-a622-c7114033be80","year":2015},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":27,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.207742Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:085c62bb8eae701b8c687a37e4441412e4895150d0a399f754788c66d30cd7ce","observation_id":"05f2c6de-6621-4d6c-919e-d118268ccc6d","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.857515Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1609.05807","last_updated":"2016-11-17T16:41:21Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T21:21:58.666896Z","submitted_at":"2016-09-19T16:08:51Z","title":"Inherent Trade-Offs in the Fair Determination of Risk Scores","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1609.05807","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.211887Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2016},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":28,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.211887Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1609.05807","citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:243d20efda997a773ad90350a37a4dabfa2d2acdf346c4cb48f050b6ed8558a7","observation_id":"15dc83db-2898-4c04-849d-085ed4b99faa","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.211887Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.839049Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"1d21093f-3fdc-4440-bc6a-f86167256e04","year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":29,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.216494Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:effe3a2c7330a8e262e1f05fdc03d459f08ef0988796af0a95ae332c716c9a5e","observation_id":"c1e37821-1ba6-4f91-90c3-f6b7b2ee4d00","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.843975Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.823909Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"4a2e71b3-ea9d-4f48-81bf-25d97180f2c7","year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":30,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.220620Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ebf2184c0b249b1b5a962e5f0675beea68dd28d999156a97dd81366ce3fb79a2","observation_id":"f2263513-9c1f-4392-aa8c-92aef8d5e53d","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.829059Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.809455Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"cc3ea788-4a79-4fdd-bfcd-b63f2df7fd2c","year":2017},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":31,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.225328Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:37bb46ac57d9f19cbfce4e693a6cfa9660b8d7daa2929684cf79c0ebaa4efb6a","observation_id":"93ea825e-8db3-4a40-a660-3abbe0d72139","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.813695Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.795469Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"58b7ae68-f76e-4ab9-b63c-6d21bfa137bc","year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":32,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.229541Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:5ad83be71d85ed424f24c02d545a26e765fae8688df4ebbe1668fdb596825324","observation_id":"f5a512f2-7a35-41bc-9013-c6a4e2aace14","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.799703Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.782519Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"4cdd3fcc-9906-400c-b119-2363684e9db4","year":2010},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":33,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.233689Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:27e226a52dce85629f3f3856d8f209f6612367632cb17bda93fa0802b1ff0f25","observation_id":"5ec367bb-09fe-4b96-b76c-a13b5acd26f7","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.786511Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1811.07867","last_updated":"2020-04-24T20:06:41Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T23:09:41.461487Z","submitted_at":"2018-11-19T18:40:53Z","title":"Prediction-Based Decisions and Fairness: A Catalogue of Choices, Assumptions, and Definitions","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1811.07867","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.238182Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":34,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.238182Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1811.07867","citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:22ced2938858d7ebad843f504585feabc649c009ee656a8463371962547a5dfb","observation_id":"d1d0d11b-3fe0-4c0d-9670-6b7ecccb4067","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.238182Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.767727Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"67935775-7b41-46a6-a52c-40d7eb2d7336","year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":35,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.242824Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:35fee2975af2a3eed8b3e49ac0764c398dd9510ff1ab3ed30fe6d11d022573fc","observation_id":"dcb5797f-4535-4c37-a2d2-0eaae7ae9ce6","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.773094Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.753949Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"a3ee3ac2-e4af-4906-9e72-8839b1f18334","year":1923},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":36,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.247025Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:21978dee11300034bf76452d99213d562b8ad89fdcd1c12a9b5ed75c67691167","observation_id":"ce38d694-5aca-4fc9-826a-e71441f0a4be","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.758253Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.251325Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":37,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.251325Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:8d3f6dc32279734e46a74fe86e6c26bf94dfded83039d85381580780dca5818f","observation_id":"dd8d95a8-328b-42c7-95ad-50d75aec5963","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.251325Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.717460Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"a9a1c34c-9b6b-4c0f-a2db-1433f3432acc","year":2009},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":38,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.260302Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:703ecf11f8d37383cf02f55630c1e195e9dbbf3dbcdaf0f25c4a9206031ba0b3","observation_id":"25d00959-9101-4cf8-a5bd-9237729d5288","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.721837Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.704019Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"a26813f3-ea48-49c0-99ba-5aba80e40fab","year":1995},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":39,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.264358Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:6e890c01b5ec8ba3c960a7b70e361ba407d51b9220a02f4b9d9681945092f81d","observation_id":"73a75be2-5f3a-4f56-9529-838449576133","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.708445Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.730820Z","title":"In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems","venue":null,"work_id":"08a9715a-6e0c-4a02-a42b-f62607883d03","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":40,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.255822Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:0146e01a0c7e5d2ac1b9aad280bdd70ee0edaa3bb2931d46e292eebdac82ef15","observation_id":"e6514efb-25c3-4796-b3b5-d5711bafb297","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.735655Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.273549Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1994},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":41,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.273549Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:fb370ec79475fe2f4cc2fa2de78db503c355979758fce8c584bd0e26a3b5dec2","observation_id":"87aa999f-143b-4953-ad3b-879182c333b8","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.273549Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.277677Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2005},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":42,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.277677Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:61814b4ab2904d6c83db4c9c0ba86776d5dd1470737a30f1ae6785df4387df73","observation_id":"fe55cee4-0146-4ccd-93da-816df26e24b1","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.277677Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.689969Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"06bfa121-7ba5-49d7-841f-103713d8bf11","year":2001},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":43,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.268888Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:78b03845ee646b7bed9c695dbfa468428fc4715143de2159aa37dcdd5072f7b3","observation_id":"31e92646-548a-4524-accf-8b468b5348a0","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.694321Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.645576Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"93f82138-8ccd-4046-8854-4e40069baaaf","year":2017},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":44,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.285729Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:780b07ad5ffa34d87b4fc4a0d1c36d01108a6fa0cb6fce989a158c7d3fea259c","observation_id":"7a573ca9-5449-424b-b514-19666aafc825","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.650390Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.632045Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"7bc024e0-292a-4943-8bb2-4aa63fb3620e","year":2017},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":45,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.289846Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:fb45da173c9a7481a57b714e2d151bc763f650dafdd030fb286ec4ad48c71ba6","observation_id":"78ea3e41-b442-495b-9177-61e3503b9973","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.636587Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.659142Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"2e9a5878-5318-428e-a3cf-36e103d3c2d2","year":1989},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":46,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.281720Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:bdd31473241b67081172a3fc93f97d9991aa723398f81e96b99424ee0f19a80c","observation_id":"20d4bd1f-655a-4dd4-96e4-710e2111babb","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.663436Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.604938Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"8c914818-1839-4d65-9197-bfc0fad942a4","year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":47,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.299068Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4dd5be80861963e9ac45d48b6fed3bc9be5917eca5aafc41966edc46c0652bf3","observation_id":"a1abb808-c5df-40d4-88f1-1225b7f5dade","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.609469Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.591228Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"b86fdfdd-cb19-471a-ba95-e3089c6c72e9","year":2007},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":48,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.303348Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e600900206102504336565f48e940d488c5ce8e79424a7b749d5d86361d2a34b","observation_id":"f8d58d02-0a49-4708-bf02-dbdce67713a4","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.595317Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.618521Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"1d04d0b7-fba7-48b5-99da-e5564819218d","year":2012},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":49,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.294546Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:dbff80bec7f179f059ad2786093e866e8599a66ec409db7223b8dd9032b46ef4","observation_id":"cfce1b46-9355-4c11-9972-a3e84140bf4e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.622754Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.564947Z","title":"Department of Health & Human Services","venue":null,"work_id":"5de15dc4-b90e-4bea-a6a5-3d53dedc5447","year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":50,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.311781Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:436a29efea70966ee6a8fde761f92d343ee41f414ed01492b5fd4a7139431ec8","observation_id":"8016e550-ede1-4959-b013-ab43c5aad265","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.569347Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.550116Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"421044ee-749f-47ff-abcc-7b4ffdf18872","year":2003},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":51,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.315749Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:7c12d1c1ef262a09f5cd4dfab1aa8f609df2f9fe798355b78f3b71f29853119c","observation_id":"aa6859a0-a580-4aef-83c5-ffe0bcf22dc6","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.554798Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.578240Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"590cbcfd-a5d2-4266-a499-6dbc5f1e5e46","year":2015},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":52,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.307740Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:af1570d430d20272eff617626c103d928e2b256da1a29ce443d5421274e4ccda","observation_id":"fb3c7519-73b8-4980-955d-9cf262acdf92","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.582350Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1905.10870","last_updated":"2019-05-29T21:17:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T16:26:20.500594Z","submitted_at":"2019-05-26T20:09:16Z","title":"Equal Opportunity and Affirmative Action via Counterfactual Predictions","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1905.10870","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.323916Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":53,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.323916Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1905.10870","citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:038c1725944a3706c3f9649fb1d57e142695cd93ecb117fe0a0fded451fa610b","observation_id":"b7592853-7960-4f78-84f9-1e6638ac5d29","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.323916Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1507.05259","last_updated":"2017-03-23T18:10:34Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T00:21:37.899163Z","submitted_at":"2015-07-19T07:34:25Z","title":"Fairness Constraints: Mechanisms for Fair Classification","version":5},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1507.05259","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.328904Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2015},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":54,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.328904Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1507.05259","citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:cbce565107f8849d49014f11031a7fe4548046f8261801cb8771280b68908400","observation_id":"f9367a9c-2147-4c22-970a-0802c1879eb1","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.328904Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.535519Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"f13f881b-62c7-4282-9596-96dc26622fd8","year":2013},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":55,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.319755Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:89b965f8cc83d74786519487229e150b3873b1ab3bb81511e88db447c984834b","observation_id":"2a0d4dc2-286f-4e74-831a-e14d48014b39","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.540886Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.506593Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"ca9bf9db-fbbd-4675-88c8-c60e62abefdf","year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":56,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.338077Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:6928bd7140ac3fa54c4e92d4ee4b7464b836814f7450a94d7d90e02617aef6cf","observation_id":"4ee93a4c-0635-4cbe-ba53-1b3bcccbf7d7","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.511546Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.492997Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"342fdfe4-888d-4e57-9c02-1ff4f661855e","year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":57,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.342464Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:0b543fb189667124799fae2180d08cadb78ca0f6394347dcd3e04d1b3b1aaab4","observation_id":"e0d7e415-db85-477b-8c05-bef514d9165a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.497368Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.521669Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"5be261c8-e0c7-479e-b146-79eb6929cc5a","year":2013},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":58,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.333401Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:0ca80d4b4deb8960ae57396d67fc07e1dc8104fc39763f9d04c21b47ea87930e","observation_id":"3107270b-0d3d-457d-8fb9-fc15aa84f984","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.526304Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.879874Z","title":"Medical care 51, 3 (2013), 251","venue":null,"work_id":"a61a94c8-f1e6-4335-972d-51bf0cc24a7e","year":2013},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":2013,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.199201Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c5216044c6383710c61a20e73c6f4b45598d79bb48c0e4fa754da92db672032f","observation_id":"73c931d0-7057-4258-b60b-d8a4077b2530","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.884319Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1712.08238","last_updated":"2018-07-14T20:52:15Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T20:01:00.977521Z","submitted_at":"2017-12-21T22:27:39Z","title":"Interventions over Predictions: Reframing the Ethical Debate for Actuarial Risk Assessment","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"1712.08238","doi":null,"metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"1712.08238","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.475820Z","title":"Interventions over Predictions: Reframing the Ethical Debate for Actuarial Risk Assessment","venue":"cs.LG","work_id":"3b08b2c5-11de-45aa-bc87-78ff471b360a","year":2017},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness","version":3},"reference_index":2017,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.096920Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1712.08238","citing_paper":"/paper/1909.00066"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9bdf31b11e6fe549321c02f17dc47bc0a665e9aac8589bdde232e98c2ebb0d41","observation_id":"084f72f9-72c6-49bd-b698-be9c9d3cbd21","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T10:09:18.482589Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"metadata_mismatch"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}}],"paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.00066","last_updated":"2020-01-10T14:08:46Z","latest_version":3,"primary_category":"stat.ML","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:58:06.107715Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T20:47:20Z","title":"Counterfactual Risk Assessments, Evaluation, and Fairness"},"reference_resolution":{"displayed":60,"state_counts":{"malformed_identifier":0,"metadata_mismatch":1,"parse_uncertain":0,"unresolved":56,"verified_exact":0,"verified_fuzzy":3},"total_outbound_references":60},"refusal":"A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.","schema":"pith.paper-citation-record.v1","standing_sources":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"thesis":"As of 20 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 60 of 60 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:1909.00066."}