{"as_of":"2026-08-07T16:47:00Z","caps":{"database_statements":6,"inbound":100,"outbound":100},"context_digest":"sha256:ec958bbc77ecf7fd811a8313709d4778f9b11727451102a3af3378ca797c477b","coverage":[{"denominator":0,"lane":"reference_resolution","note":"Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.","records_observed":0,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":null,"state":"measured"},{"denominator":8,"lane":"standing_notices","note":"One-hop event checks from named stored sources.","records_observed":8,"source":"scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","state":"measured"},{"denominator":8,"lane":"inbound_itemization","note":"Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.","records_observed":8,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:07:35.563139Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":1,"lane":"external_citation_measurements","note":"A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.","records_observed":0,"source":"arxiv_reference","source_observed_at":"2026-05-23T06:25:27.959448Z","state":"measured"}],"external_citation_measurements":[],"inbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2405.17931","last_updated":"2024-05-28T07:53:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T18:21:09.808086Z","submitted_at":"2024-05-28T07:53:40Z","title":"Online Merging Optimizers for Boosting Rewards and Mitigating Tax in Alignment","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2405.17931","doi":null,"metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2405.17931","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-05T21:23:00.469572Z","title":"Online merging optimizers for boosting rewards and mitigating tax in alignment","venue":null,"work_id":"ebbae64a-c990-4647-9709-e235c8d1c26c","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2408.07666","last_updated":"2025-12-31T04:06:49Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T02:11:23.670680Z","submitted_at":"2024-08-14T16:58:48Z","title":"Model Merging in LLMs, MLLMs, and Beyond: Methods, Theories, Applications and Opportunities","version":5},"reference_index":140,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-17T22:16:04.386706Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2405.17931","citing_paper":"/paper/2408.07666"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9a291be9c7c492b81f10f6f942e2fa0e9acad96b3c35cb6d30c2d4a04939eb14","observation_id":"9da7accf-d0c6-4a84-83b5-c3497a848cf6","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-17T22:16:04.597229Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:11.927384+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2405.17931","last_updated":"2024-05-28T07:53:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T18:21:09.808086Z","submitted_at":"2024-05-28T07:53:40Z","title":"Online Merging Optimizers for Boosting Rewards and Mitigating Tax in Alignment","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2405.17931","doi":null,"metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2405.17931","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-05T21:23:00.469572Z","title":"Online merging optimizers for boosting rewards and mitigating tax in alignment","venue":null,"work_id":"ebbae64a-c990-4647-9709-e235c8d1c26c","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.15115","last_updated":"2025-01-03T02:18:21Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T02:11:23.670680Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-19T17:56:09Z","title":"Qwen2.5 Technical Report","version":2},"reference_index":28,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-23T06:25:00.376073Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2405.17931","citing_paper":"/paper/2412.15115"},"observation_digest":"sha256:231d03603b0bfc9de729d5daf544640676980ec9239d5fb01662197ab93ce440","observation_id":"f40e3127-5121-4f19-9b5f-901994342f6c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-23T06:25:27.962311Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:11.927384+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2405.17931","last_updated":"2024-05-28T07:53:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T18:21:09.808086Z","submitted_at":"2024-05-28T07:53:40Z","title":"Online Merging Optimizers for Boosting Rewards and Mitigating Tax in Alignment","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2405.17931","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:07:35.563139Z","title":"Online merg- ing optimizers for boosting rewards and mitigating tax in alignment.CoRR, arXiv preprint arXiv:2405.17931, 2024","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.03557","last_updated":"2025-06-04T04:21:01Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T10:57:49.038310Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-04T04:21:01Z","title":"BPO: Revisiting Preference Modeling in Direct Preference Optimization","version":1},"reference_index":16,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:07:35.563139Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2405.17931","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.03557"},"observation_digest":"sha256:3ec4ddb8d46025d1bc67474acc9f4fc8b56ce53378ba530ca1879b54b5a63225","observation_id":"cd2b8c06-7a06-490c-919e-87236fc078f3","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:07:35.563139Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2405.17931","last_updated":"2024-05-28T07:53:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T18:21:09.808086Z","submitted_at":"2024-05-28T07:53:40Z","title":"Online Merging Optimizers for Boosting Rewards and Mitigating Tax in Alignment","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2405.17931","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T09:08:36.108422Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2510.17426","last_updated":"2026-07-02T01:18:56Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T09:08:32.768286Z","submitted_at":"2025-10-20T11:12:41Z","title":"Navigating the Alignment-Calibration Trade-off: A Pareto-Superior Frontier via Model Merging","version":3},"reference_index":16,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T09:08:36.108422Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2405.17931","citing_paper":"/paper/2510.17426"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e0a15d5de7bc988b3ab1b54f78e4e6f5729d5c4e9d739fef6cf671062eff06bb","observation_id":"158db7b5-0ecb-4273-b7e3-4f4eb3b32069","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T09:08:36.108422Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2405.17931","last_updated":"2024-05-28T07:53:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T18:21:09.808086Z","submitted_at":"2024-05-28T07:53:40Z","title":"Online Merging Optimizers for Boosting Rewards and Mitigating Tax in Alignment","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2405.17931","doi":null,"metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2405.17931","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-05T21:23:00.469572Z","title":"Online merging optimizers for boosting rewards and mitigating tax in alignment","venue":null,"work_id":"ebbae64a-c990-4647-9709-e235c8d1c26c","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.14350","last_updated":"2026-05-14T04:22:24Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T23:25:49.545418Z","submitted_at":"2026-05-14T04:22:24Z","title":"Distributionally Robust Multi-Task Reinforcement Learning via Adaptive Task Sampling","version":1},"reference_index":240,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-05-15T03:05:36.871497Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2405.17931","citing_paper":"/paper/2605.14350"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ddec1cbf9dfebf6516f225a0f497426e714579da00cc28a9b975a1cb695ea38c","observation_id":"9d51499f-dddf-4b90-bac9-be034ba83a96","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-15T03:08:59.798792Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"metadata_mismatch"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:11.927384+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2405.17931","last_updated":"2024-05-28T07:53:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T18:21:09.808086Z","submitted_at":"2024-05-28T07:53:40Z","title":"Online Merging Optimizers for Boosting Rewards and Mitigating Tax in Alignment","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2405.17931","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-11T13:53:36.775836Z","title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2405.17931 , year=","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.04763","last_updated":"2026-07-26T14:17:18Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T10:24:43.977557Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-06T07:56:53Z","title":"Multi-Turn On-Policy Distillation with Prefix Replay","version":1},"reference_index":252,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-07-11T13:53:36.775836Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2405.17931","citing_paper":"/paper/2607.04763"},"observation_digest":"sha256:84f6d8ba06eb1bfa8395309a47dcfc53d31eee88f786b11dcfb2d6c9365d1c8b","observation_id":"37544946-5c88-46e8-94cd-9a0dfcf70f97","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-07-11T13:53:36.775836Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2405.17931","last_updated":"2024-05-28T07:53:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T18:21:09.808086Z","submitted_at":"2024-05-28T07:53:40Z","title":"Online Merging Optimizers for Boosting Rewards and Mitigating Tax in Alignment","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2405.17931","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T08:41:01.653546Z","title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2405.17931 , year=","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.04763","last_updated":"2026-07-26T14:17:18Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T10:24:43.977557Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-06T07:56:53Z","title":"Multi-Turn On-Policy Distillation with Prefix Replay","version":3},"reference_index":253,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-02T08:41:01.653546Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2405.17931","citing_paper":"/paper/2607.04763"},"observation_digest":"sha256:78567f63fb458f1a3d232c9f4eab095d0c61b1d51651ba577495fae157c2def2","observation_id":"63836574-52a5-499e-bf51-ddf136e7e96f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-02T08:41:01.653546Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2405.17931","last_updated":"2024-05-28T07:53:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T18:21:09.808086Z","submitted_at":"2024-05-28T07:53:40Z","title":"Online Merging Optimizers for Boosting Rewards and Mitigating Tax in Alignment","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2405.17931","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T02:17:28.447082Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.00630","last_updated":"2026-08-01T12:38:55Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:17:33.315157Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-01T12:38:55Z","title":"Relative Parameter Importance in Task-Agnostic Replay-Free Continual Learning","version":1},"reference_index":30,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T02:17:28.447082Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2405.17931","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.00630"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ed7ec898c6b5a5b878f5060074b5f8fb2e87cdc7115fd50334e7cb6f27f52eae","observation_id":"03c19841-5f0e-4102-9393-f561e2107b15","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T02:17:28.447082Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}}],"links":{"evidence":"/evidence","html":"/paper/2405.17931/citation-record","integrity":"/paper/2405.17931/integrity","json":"/paper/2405.17931/citation-record.json","paper":"/paper/2405.17931"},"outbound":[],"paper":{"arxiv_id":"2405.17931","last_updated":"2024-05-28T07:53:40Z","latest_version":1,"primary_category":"cs.CL","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T18:21:09.808086Z","submitted_at":"2024-05-28T07:53:40Z","title":"Online Merging Optimizers for Boosting Rewards and Mitigating Tax in Alignment"},"reference_resolution":{"displayed":0,"state_counts":{"malformed_identifier":0,"metadata_mismatch":0,"parse_uncertain":0,"unresolved":0,"verified_exact":0,"verified_fuzzy":0},"total_outbound_references":0},"refusal":"A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.","schema":"pith.paper-citation-record.v1","standing_sources":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:11.927384+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"thesis":"As of 7 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 0 of 0 outbound references and 8 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2405.17931."}