{"as_of":"2026-08-17T01:56:00Z","caps":{"database_statements":6,"inbound":100,"outbound":100},"context_digest":"sha256:02ea91c35c2245a1367a73577726bb32dd9e4acac2fa1df54e71ed9dfca5a565","coverage":[{"denominator":114,"lane":"reference_resolution","note":"Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.","records_observed":100,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.647003Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":100,"lane":"standing_notices","note":"One-hop event checks from named stored sources.","records_observed":100,"source":"scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","state":"measured"},{"denominator":0,"lane":"inbound_itemization","note":"Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.","records_observed":0,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":null,"state":"measured"},{"denominator":1,"lane":"external_citation_measurements","note":"A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.","records_observed":0,"source":"cited_works","source_observed_at":null,"state":"measured"}],"external_citation_measurements":[],"inbound":[],"links":{"evidence":"/evidence","html":"/paper/2412.03843/citation-record","integrity":"/paper/2412.03843/integrity","json":"/paper/2412.03843/citation-record.json","paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"outbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.097691Z","title":"Coverage based testing for v&v and safety assurance of self-driving autonomous vehicles: A systematic literature review,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":1,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.097691Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ac1c6357f20a18aefb17d08b90c03a419e156327a2da3c72b2f687e4cd54dc06","observation_id":"24efb718-60c8-4ad0-a68b-35fc9d0538d2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.097691Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.103656Z","title":"DeepTest: automated testing of deep-neural-network-driven autonomous cars,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":2,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.103656Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f1ab42be39b3debc3b3486bde32ccaec3fd6fc5d0f1b5bd313c54ce2daa3743d","observation_id":"146aafea-6ad4-40d2-a194-0858e7bd2629","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.103656Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1604.07316","last_updated":"2016-04-25T16:03:56Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T04:53:59.754200Z","submitted_at":"2016-04-25T16:03:56Z","title":"End to End Learning for Self-Driving Cars","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1604.07316","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.108956Z","title":"End to end learning for self-driving cars,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2016},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":3,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.108956Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1604.07316","citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:15c2a9e7db94aacfbb09fe83461dfbab15500b6183df9360a44c0bea0987c6c3","observation_id":"1aaf94c7-fcee-4660-80da-7f816f245b25","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.108956Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1115/1.4066900","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:45.057525Z","title":"Safety in wearable robotic exoskeletons: Design, control, and testing guidelines,","venue":null,"work_id":"1995a29b-2edc-4191-b86a-7191fd9e1d6e","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":5,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.119794Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:eb1bca82649e5726eaf031f89eb5c713a407e7c424f40e4957cda98040c38a1e","observation_id":"52fe5da7-9d6c-4b6d-b9d7-9b9f4f335152","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:45.062956Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.124806Z","title":"Hands off the wheel in autonomous vehicles?: A systems perspective on over a million miles of field data,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":6,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.124806Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:606a423e92bf675784dfc44caf83914e4d193726a66138e5a381438fad5aaf97","observation_id":"a55fb68e-a47f-4336-83d1-e4701a2028fa","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.124806Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.130611Z","title":"[Online]","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":7,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.130611Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:72b0d72f4700c5d52dc246e834cb65571ae8540f369dc9134faffb65328bb876","observation_id":"e6747ff5-0a82-4286-a078-5c06f708e32f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.130611Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.135898Z","title":"(2022) 24 self-driving car statistics & facts","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":8,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.135898Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:bae9786116916503bfb83385cd9bda679686ae7519d68f2110b41abfa8147354","observation_id":"554874dd-3597-4056-82bc-616905b4fbbc","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.135898Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.141005Z","title":"A comprehensive study of autonomous vehicle bugs,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":9,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.141005Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4eb344c021718a83fa4d7880638e6d416fdb754553cf8ebef7276bd323f382e3","observation_id":"9a033c9a-9853-41f2-886d-6393a24b5197","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.141005Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.145718Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2004},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":10,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.145718Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4156fb811a89461dcd39129c1849f504ae528b7a235ce1d455b0e95c7d4e7222","observation_id":"7204228f-ecf8-4148-a69c-69de9f75c2a4","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.145718Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.150619Z","title":"A survey on automated driving system testing: Landscapes and trends,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":11,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.150619Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:8ce3380688c76fc43532f1904164df47d6ebc2cb80753587bb80b46578f84026","observation_id":"8b2e0e5c-6012-4596-b141-1e969516b84f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.150619Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2402.18393","last_updated":"2025-01-28T17:36:51Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T14:14:30.247558Z","submitted_at":"2024-02-28T15:13:33Z","title":"Decictor: Towards Evaluating the Robustness of Decision-Making in Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2402.18393","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.156412Z","title":"Evaluating decision optimality of autonomous driving via metamorphic testing,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":12,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.156412Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2402.18393","citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:7067be4806dfb5c9222facfe4fb8339f47b7c7f6d19268a21de3f3743bc2e106","observation_id":"766fb3bc-8323-4f51-bdcc-5651386bda1f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.156412Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.166714Z","title":"Rapidly-exploring random trees for testing automated vehicles,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":14,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.166714Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a10773376cce36feab90f84ceba792c02550bbb9b49a491286115230a9965ec3","observation_id":"13e3fcf6-097b-4a22-ae36-76c0e8e70112","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.166714Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.2208/journalip.20.949","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:45.029953Z","title":"Traffic conflict analysis using vehicle tracking system/digital vcr and proposal of a new conflict indicator,","venue":null,"work_id":"8916d4e8-56f5-4864-a623-b54167f404c6","year":2003},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":15,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.171559Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9d08f248ab65903dd7422adcf706fef011258a75e876807cefeed37212b64f53","observation_id":"01583d57-a633-445a-b595-550b1763da40","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:45.035599Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2011.59404","doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:48.940489Z","title":"A flexible method for criticality assessment in driver assistance systems,","venue":null,"work_id":"f282e10f-fa96-4aa3-be91-933b04bbf90c","year":2011},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":16,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.176620Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:225685fc8ea1e377e56255178030f421d1aef37fecbf2e1a5be07128fe6befeb","observation_id":"51a66e45-5e3f-43dc-a208-3d2da959328d","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:48.949437Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"metadata_mismatch"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2405.01064","last_updated":"2024-05-02T07:42:33Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T13:56:04.632432Z","submitted_at":"2024-05-02T07:42:33Z","title":"A Roadmap for Simulation-Based Testing of Autonomous Cyber-Physical Systems: Challenges and Future Direction","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2405.01064","doi":null,"metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"2405.01064","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:48.858667Z","title":"A Roadmap for Simulation-Based Testing of Autonomous Cyber-Physical Systems: Challenges and Future Direction","venue":"cs.SE","work_id":"737ed93e-3956-4134-8743-bf3d1db3415c","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":17,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.181593Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2405.01064","citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c9b6695b9b2ec6a562d34e0751e96d4d44a143efbd17620eb0c6843506ef7fe0","observation_id":"cb0b1dd6-4377-4a6f-b00a-c273af83e1a7","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:48.865231Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"stable/2616774","doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:48.829879Z","title":"Challenges in autonomous vehicle testing and validation,","venue":null,"work_id":"fa5a4a63-45be-4256-9656-f21d03b836c6","year":2016},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":18,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.186845Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:09cf0f1e268f7e16262730fc09e6a6216f40c2926548e1c780241f6a8c67bfb4","observation_id":"09955d31-47df-498c-a2a8-06874c093b97","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:48.839020Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.191683Z","title":"Efficient online testing for dnn-enabled systems using surrogate-assisted and many-objective optimization,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":19,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.191683Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:7613449424486ecb9ef7f3176abc866f0e50c81765ece7d5260f9b8e8bc9a491","observation_id":"3ee472d5-490f-4524-a08c-4f2289a72f9e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.191683Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.196774Z","title":"Neural network guided evolutionary fuzzing for finding traffic violations of autonomous vehicles,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":20,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.196774Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:13eb4ef000b5e0aa25761b768a28378575fb31f4bb37ec97f647898dbfbd6e3f","observation_id":"d76737b8-1d41-443b-95b8-08f7c2b57bb0","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.196774Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.201679Z","title":"software verification and validation of safe autonomous cars: A systematic literature review,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":21,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.201679Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d34d8254715b488b3e83dc1ee61345c15bb2984730e588efad2eeefaf2a9a69c","observation_id":"0664fbbd-d4e7-4c36-9423-647f4a6f3a51","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.201679Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.206449Z","title":"Survey on scenario-based safety assessment of automated vehicles,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":22,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.206449Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4c2a773a3221047a9a48270fe228d78528a635917bb18d9e3b0489ed2f573b10","observation_id":"690bb43e-2175-4bc8-a834-9459bd774c00","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.206449Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1007/3-540-58484-6","metadata_source":"openalex","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T11:03:20.376878Z","title":"A cooperative coevolutionary approach to function optimization,","venue":"Lecture notes in computer science","work_id":"9344c38a-c397-413b-9c93-d5d6c54522f8","year":1994},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":23,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.211401Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:967b96cc8da50b32e938ec1442bb1ed50909936d71730dd870a5d4f980e3854c","observation_id":"0a9e86b4-6bb4-44cc-8057-512b24cc814b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:45.018699Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.216500Z","title":"ISO 21448:2022, road vehicles–safety of the intended functionality","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":24,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.216500Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:92c3f3a78233ec793a81eed4ff32d76895faa082bdede1d9e9061ed4989311d4","observation_id":"389f2c3f-64ae-4479-a40f-9a88981e9b1c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.216500Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.221638Z","title":"for Standardization of Automation and M","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":25,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.221638Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:0246247560ff0854b329b308a024ba5184d8b944e3564e25561a0710019a7fe2","observation_id":"88b4b58d-d28e-4257-97ad-7cc734ee7cb7","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.221638Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.226641Z","title":"Testing advanced driver assistance systems using multi-objective search and neural networks,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2016},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":26,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.226641Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d5be2e86b1b5bf2645c2103215fd716654ac06c41af6bfb56650a9583cf36dfd","observation_id":"2bcb755b-3cbc-4fd1-a178-5464b939809c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.226641Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.236555Z","title":"Compositional falsification of cyber-physical systems with machine learning components,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":28,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.236555Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:91430c9ee615a9ca0a5afac9bf65b2c530caa09e1198cbb5e426576313d914da","observation_id":"bd94277f-0e28-4137-8b52-40b77c51090c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.236555Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.241242Z","title":"A V-FUZZER: Finding safety violations in autonomous driving systems,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":29,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.241242Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:68a3413d0158cb3623260b3b4c1fecf1146f2aa85d3c9595edfa4b6f02d0bd32","observation_id":"ff6f1c70-f86b-4b26-b92a-2d1c61e22f35","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.241242Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.246074Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":30,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.246074Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ebbbf0a9404ae2730c68196d0126428fdff1b6a26190ecb5e137ed621d4ab206","observation_id":"c8bac95e-f63f-4afa-bc27-436d5c267ebe","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.246074Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.251384Z","title":"Fitness function templates for testing automated and autonomous driving systems in intersection scenarios,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":31,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.251384Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c22b2880afbe84453bad2268dd6676cdf3bf2018b33e39e5064cc5d52551bdbb","observation_id":"21c6bb36-b4ca-4b06-a3b3-f263f194cb03","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.251384Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.256287Z","title":"Fitness functions for testing automated and autonomous driving systems,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":32,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.256287Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:989aa57ea5bb54e9ec6129d2650329dbb6d635415b17a23582e3ae380ef02acc","observation_id":"e19a81eb-a63e-4dca-9724-93f80fcd6887","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.256287Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.261404Z","title":"Targeting requirements violations of autonomous driving systems by dynamic evolutionary search,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":33,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.261404Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d1a6d6888826856bce03112c4608b3181f4f0983bf8ab96d7e6b7775b47d2a5f","observation_id":"9d921733-9fe0-4698-bdd6-94c89aeec512","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.261404Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.266611Z","title":"Cost-effective simulation-based test selection in self-driving cars software,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":34,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.266611Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:edc55b490105fe2ac3c0a9786ebe64b67261054f92c08abe0bf4f75998a1e259","observation_id":"edda0c6f-f82c-4a2d-aff9-81b78006315e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.266611Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.276728Z","title":"Single and multi-objective test cases prioritization for self-driving cars in virtual environments,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":35,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.276728Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:16f8b85920017ba83ef14012fcba207d4e2fa199f6be09b5fca2375c806e2993","observation_id":"5adf6332-bd79-4856-a5b1-483681b4bc67","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.276728Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.286607Z","title":"Model-based exploration of the frontier of behaviours for deep learning system testing,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":36,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.286607Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ac3fc586c9ae86b8341460e3f8df6502cef02bf385ffe46542fc162daecb92bf","observation_id":"e3a36aeb-4826-462e-9183-6cb939f5122f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.286607Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.281584Z","title":"Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3533818","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":37,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.281584Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c2aaa9762335de97adfb04e644a6bc3734b9bdd0f5dc9bef1e1d45a5e47a3aa4","observation_id":"5d537b23-6f0d-47c1-a595-503f8f4e1556","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.281584Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.296524Z","title":"Efficient and effective feature space exploration for testing deep learning systems,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":38,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.296524Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c1cdc69118dd9051bd581a35e582ce1b9bfaef6aa408e99583761f269bd52da0","observation_id":"79b77cc4-d192-4e4b-ac7c-6255c0288d32","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.296524Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.291484Z","title":"DeepHyperion: Exploring the feature space of deep learning-based systems through illumination search,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":39,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.291484Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:02010db6f052102d5e609205832c33a88ade3854fb50506f7be542d70d865efb","observation_id":"a32ec621-b488-4a06-a944-c10fecff26b9","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.291484Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.307051Z","title":"Analysis of road representations in search-based testing of autonomous driving systems,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":40,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.307051Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9550780f7819781e53c4198508bdabe5ff6508d15860da2cacab8e5e965d3a7b","observation_id":"c3f18679-ee01-46f6-8f91-f24de2e0fe8b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.307051Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1504.04909","last_updated":"2015-04-20T01:17:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T13:07:45.856087Z","submitted_at":"2015-04-20T01:17:00Z","title":"Illuminating search spaces by mapping elites","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1504.04909","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.301782Z","title":"Illuminating search spaces by mapping elites,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2015},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":41,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.301782Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1504.04909","citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:87e312b227b94e1aa7b6796a70fd80c0bd7321d6d4b050795eb2635fffaf4b55","observation_id":"e06fad76-9956-4eae-b9e0-d0489479b672","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.301782Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.317126Z","title":"Eagle strategy with local search for scenario based validation of autonomous vehicles,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":42,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.317126Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:95bb539c0ae851b6e9ac46f647cbef5682d16c377be707cae99c9b5c9f39f18f","observation_id":"fd6a8ad6-b553-464d-bda5-0306d77f959d","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.317126Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.311997Z","title":"Automatically testing self-driving cars with search-based procedural content generation,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":43,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.311997Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1ee85a50c3e9bd2c9dbd4e41ba8a42726537a41a911074121a5fc8084550d81e","observation_id":"223b1f12-ea1e-4621-85f6-a8d615a96d97","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.311997Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.3390/app11020775","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.952277Z","title":"Scenario optimisation and sensitivity analysis for safe automated driving using gaussian processes,","venue":null,"work_id":"53614787-4db4-463f-8a5b-1fdce64edc43","year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":44,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.327067Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:fa3c11bbd32ebc4f03225619b11be95abebbc8768e9536a6abc2ed455bf05564","observation_id":"42128e06-619b-4e35-a1a5-e41af3c0f9bc","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.957619Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.321953Z","title":"Rapid generation of challenging simulation scenarios for autonomous vehicles based on adversarial test,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":45,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.321953Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d3be453aa4184c52c69071d63084b0ad11cb3f680a8718915368e6e1905caf28","observation_id":"c2158210-5cc8-45a8-8d32-3df64a201337","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.321953Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.332407Z","title":"Testing of autonomous vehicles using surrogate models and stochastic optimization,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2017},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":47,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.332407Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:edad0fe63eef4058cddec4805a527f1c69f1a88f031352ef0b91d1704fdf5ec1","observation_id":"6c7938c7-d344-4698-a7e0-3a1bd1afc39d","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.332407Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2002.12543","last_updated":"2020-02-28T04:47:31Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T05:31:36.259685Z","submitted_at":"2020-02-28T04:47:31Z","title":"Metamorphic Testing: A New Approach for Generating Next Test Cases","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2002.12543","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.353076Z","title":"Metamorphic testing: A new approach for generating next test cases,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2002},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":48,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.353076Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2002.12543","citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:cbb0ebed15465ae102134e4e87024859f77657ce585204024e7cf4d3073d14a3","observation_id":"a0ecf89a-088a-426d-b066-e64444426bb2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.353076Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.342518Z","title":"Metamorphic testing: A review of challenges and opportunities,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":49,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.342518Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:fafbb76350ef2e10a3c692ef53bf2e32dc050aad872bb99885e726f852af2e99","observation_id":"312451c8-b818-48cd-ab9f-89ea08864c6a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.342518Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.363557Z","title":"MetaSem: metamorphic testing based on semantic information of autonomous driving scenes,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":50,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.363557Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:cdc971fcf05dfb2d4d4ecbcbaf1df2d8b44c2937762e6c243ab857bacbca7125","observation_id":"c1221a9a-3e3f-4a38-931c-fd03f7d65196","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.363557Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.368479Z","title":"Metamorphic testing of driverless cars,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":51,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.368479Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:bfaaa3fcd32252cdce3d51746b5ece271dafe572363e0aff822fda2d32c96645","observation_id":"af4b7323-30fd-4a56-ae57-e79f6765fba7","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.368479Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.358407Z","title":"MetaLiDAR: Automated metamorphic testing of lidar-based autonomous driving systems,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":52,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.358407Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:afcc99fad4e1035781295a9290a04ae82991d552a4a992e3ab0e171876b98833","observation_id":"7ad197e9-7848-4853-a290-2d9f3f4f445c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.358407Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.377780Z","title":"Metamorphic testing for autonomous driving systems in fog based on quantitative measurement,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":53,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.377780Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:69a5f320a381d5befc83da4224f88d3169923804e8ce898a6785d6113548deb0","observation_id":"3a629ffe-1d33-4a2e-9b3e-b6bb0576ebf2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.377780Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.382656Z","title":"Metamorphic fuzz testing of autonomous vehicles,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":54,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.382656Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:65cadf0fd25704c7905d5c95d0a4fb3cbb9542205a759c353f7ef8d1fa65ed78","observation_id":"9fbdc909-7b55-418a-ba08-205833c46756","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.382656Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.373272Z","title":"DeepRoad: Gan-based metamorphic testing and input validation framework for autonomous driving systems,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":55,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.373272Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:212f897a535173e3d5907e56086749d0e7a1b9c38cc55c8bbb950d283fd60311","observation_id":"0d7dbbe3-bb93-4646-90ca-0e6f44c42c70","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.373272Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.393081Z","title":"Adaptive stress testing for autonomous vehicles,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":56,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.393081Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ed9e24c5e3e0ea51eebe68012ff6bb342f52cd94672eeaa9c9e2ebef042f18c5","observation_id":"36b66d2f-a81a-457f-b02e-0a9f04d88547","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.393081Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.397971Z","title":"Adaptive stress testing with reward augmentation for autonomous vehicle validation,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":57,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.397971Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:5c5d860709a27907b771ddb536b0961208c35c5b68b6b4c1837427968b750d8b","observation_id":"7323e4c9-b7bf-4a2d-8de3-4cdbe1276a54","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.397971Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2406.05397","last_updated":"2024-06-11T02:55:32Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T13:44:57.321664Z","submitted_at":"2024-06-08T08:26:49Z","title":"Metamorphic Relation Generation: State of the Art and Visions for Future Research","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2406.05397","doi":null,"metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"2406.05397","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:47.057926Z","title":"Metamorphic Relation Generation: State of the Art and Visions for Future Research","venue":"cs.SE","work_id":"ab8726aa-0362-4fb9-88c5-0c9177b5eeb5","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":58,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.387749Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2406.05397","citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:7b2a2e3c7319b4490f8eaddcefdc22de679a7d508a3549c9d8cc5e0fd7dcae62","observation_id":"79cbd91d-a30b-419e-aca5-ece2e0a43923","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:47.065791Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.414125Z","title":"Automatic generation of critical test cases for the development of highly automated driving functions,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":59,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.414125Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4fa90c8f3dc1079bf7db96932992cfddba1ab7dca63ae41742abff89aee9d03e","observation_id":"e33bd909-0347-4e04-b1db-bb3e4978fcca","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.414125Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.419050Z","title":"Efficient statistical validation with edge cases to evaluate highly automated vehicles,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":60,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.419050Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ae9306caf5a615e6fc02babc3845896079ba3b19f49b6c4c16133de8c9dd6901","observation_id":"361f5f59-54ec-4256-bd2a-693ad2201ec2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.419050Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1708.06374","last_updated":"2018-10-27T09:10:37Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T20:40:10.021267Z","submitted_at":"2017-08-21T18:22:19Z","title":"On a Formal Model of Safe and Scalable Self-driving Cars","version":6},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1708.06374","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.409147Z","title":"Available: http://arxiv.org/abs/1708.06374","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":62,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.409147Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1708.06374","citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:6ae8887ce3adc8babce207e33648edabdf42f6bd54bcf0b4b20d213b01c85830","observation_id":"ff6a45de-6071-41e6-b1f8-32db91ce8222","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.409147Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.434259Z","title":"Archive-based cooperative coevolutionary algorithms,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2006},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":63,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.434259Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c19cd1eff2f2e7481af64e4690511b969d633401ce43276c7682d9cd3b957cff","observation_id":"b3dbd38e-25b2-42ee-b039-34aa82abcc20","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.434259Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.444568Z","title":"A declarative metamorphic testing framework for autonomous driving,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1964},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":64,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.444568Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2dc1378f2b375a9be9287975c9262487c5b423c0e16c981a3d3a9c12522a1e5b","observation_id":"7624b62f-fc38-480c-8fc7-517a38371dd9","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.444568Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.424126Z","title":"A survey on cooperative co-evolutionary algorithms,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":65,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.424126Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:270a72ae39ceb8306956403cf88dbf59780fe46c0941f206cf1f2270da7f027d","observation_id":"eece9e8e-e903-4393-850f-5d9d20404487","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.424126Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.429081Z","title":"Large scale evolutionary optimization using cooperative coevolution,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2008},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":66,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.429081Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:6e5996efc7c776b9c040efb1c2f343bbe49d03a1ba2f67d6fe2e1cb12161e889","observation_id":"22227993-dfea-42eb-8ad9-82cd8dd83f47","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.429081Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.459645Z","title":"CARLA: An open urban driving simulator,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2017},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":67,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.459645Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:97c0ae09edf1ac083bbddb7c0393b0a5e268878ac8c463fb7fd4e292389fbeb8","observation_id":"8de9a116-fdbb-43f3-a813-4e63be18336a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.459645Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.464827Z","title":"Scenario-based test reduction and prioritization for multi-module autonomous driving systems,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":68,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.464827Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:52557dc9da4cb49ad0d3023650a09cf5a5b31c9e398ea4b6872fea92937517c2","observation_id":"ad83efd1-cdbc-4454-9db0-64351a7fe5d3","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.464827Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.469652Z","title":"Using dynamic time warping to find patterns in time series,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":69,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.469652Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a85b316dd68f49e7029a9ebddd3e19840a502fd7699c28e624af9a991353d012","observation_id":"37961f4e-241d-4460-a173-b8f6244f621d","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.469652Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.449695Z","title":"Can offline testing of deep neural networks replace their online testing?: A case study of automated driving systems,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":70,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.449695Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:8921b735ed6a3a308faed99d6f76fece2d076202edff32fdf7d3b8068c5c80a5","observation_id":"c2225e8e-84cb-4529-b271-2efc76fa3e2a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.449695Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2023.33275","doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:46.503130Z","title":"Identifying the hazard boundary of ml-enabled autonomous systems using cooperative coevolutionary search,","venue":null,"work_id":"36496ce6-b193-4140-b1aa-2d0e3be14177","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":71,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.454747Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:692271cf2a889c804a0c65c21459873e4af1eb27c13b00463875d23193bb822a","observation_id":"bd692189-6e5a-438c-99df-14d4f63a3a3e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:46.512424Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"metadata_mismatch"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.484942Z","title":"Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998, pp","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1998},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":72,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.484942Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c1378e2aa6818f70b18101e3366457477a61ac583c90bab84a03a5528d1d9d3d","observation_id":"89508324-a86c-4a19-988c-824b3675a79b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.484942Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.489968Z","title":"An empirical analysis of collaboration methods in cooperative coevolutionary algorithms,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2001},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":73,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.489968Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:34fd1b6e7afc44c781609068cac4fd6c7011f166bd96150c4d867713ab83c01d","observation_id":"811ef48c-359d-4718-b9d8-27e8981faaaf","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.489968Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2004.83734","doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:46.321671Z","title":"On the role of population size and niche radius in fitness sharing,","venue":null,"work_id":"8c76dc44-3e01-42bc-a830-7a1fe3e5f476","year":2004},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":74,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.494675Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:65eea013660da6691cade7b3c63a79368a2ad579fa1150b68d8977a42a9e72bc","observation_id":"bdfa6200-4983-48f0-8166-3dc169024844","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:46.330428Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"metadata_mismatch"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.474620Z","title":"Dynamic programming algorithm optimization for spoken word recognition,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1978},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":75,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.474620Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d339f1c0747218f8ed6b885ec2c1b66be3f3e06605b02e1e4c044f9c51edee2b","observation_id":"c42bd8b7-3c6c-498f-83ca-268ab0e4e604","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.474620Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.479791Z","title":"Evolutionary computation in multi-agent environments: Partners,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1997},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":76,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.479791Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:eb1dc8a23fd83e232c9469616d3eb0084e5a27ea2c04b9678bf4173d17c11b6d","observation_id":"796c5f98-ae00-4dda-998f-1c7cc4cb9ec5","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.479791Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"4235.73543","doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:46.148726Z","title":"Fitness sharing and niching methods revisited,","venue":null,"work_id":"129777e0-e635-42f2-a19b-20c8c21c3fdf","year":1998},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":77,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.510507Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:23f3c2e3a0ffc619deb1d73b754e831613257c5d38ca4738824e9c31d8e6f1ff","observation_id":"1eb960a2-143e-45fd-afa8-f917e3921dd7","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:46.157100Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"metadata_mismatch"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.515554Z","title":"Selforganization of matter and the evolution of biological macromolecules,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1971},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":78,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.515554Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d9e5476325a18aaa14b1b3ab2eb6fff8948d8435de4fd02a623f4264d42bc385","observation_id":"e324aea2-338d-4df3-9acc-05b41534491b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.515554Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.520730Z","title":"Horn and D","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1998},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":79,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.520730Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f24b7ca1cf91180db5f18ea1349d6a3a9ea0a7365a2576b5c6c3d0372689e812","observation_id":"275bd3cd-c278-450f-a123-12c9a6f4bb8e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.520730Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.499677Z","title":"Genetic algorithms with sharing for multimodal function optimization,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1987},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":80,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.499677Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:401f119340dae7da9f90d4eac823abdb3e59c1ab30733a50a07e732948410047","observation_id":"35f01d8e-221b-4728-9255-d10e7b47c956","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.499677Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"1996.54270","doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:46.227143Z","title":"A clearing procedure as a niching method for genetic algorithms,","venue":null,"work_id":"294ff1d9-857f-4c57-87e6-3b29cad3671e","year":1996},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":81,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.505167Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:8578e04c1466d2a29176c45e0c2a70089085fd62c3f3ac079c331f6311a9a545","observation_id":"97bedc4b-5ee7-4d42-92b0-9ee366d8ca43","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:46.235798Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"metadata_mismatch"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.535559Z","title":"Improved heterogeneous distance functions,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1997},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":82,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.535559Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:aaa958eb75dd3a838a87ccfa274415a1872ed38e0eaad9b4f1413aef79c54d5f","observation_id":"26e9a2b7-accb-4ae5-97d5-14ec648b251e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.535559Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1007/bf03325101","metadata_source":"openalex","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T11:08:50.044864Z","title":"A comprehensive survey of evolutionary-based multiobjective optimization techniques,","venue":"Knowledge and Information Systems","work_id":"b1da3317-ca38-47bb-af6b-6155b1f0fa70","year":1999},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":83,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.540574Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:015e6dae133f3f143c426e6b0226128a1e8f34e80e5c399cc0cba7e8630a9866","observation_id":"1eb01750-a7f2-463c-a9d2-07944104f383","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.846038Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1613/jair.842","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.822122Z","title":"An evolutionary algorithm with advanced goal and priority specification for multi-objective optimization,","venue":null,"work_id":"2ed6d4ae-667c-4b68-84df-dd4cf43c33eb","year":2003},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":84,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.545776Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:5f55b269522353757f88f941301c5e70a4f29d57df566300bc6b06abfb84c49f","observation_id":"1685371c-1867-42b9-bc0a-4a3902f51704","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.829005Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.525702Z","title":"Population size and genetic drift in fitness sharing,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1995},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":85,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.525702Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9c6fc23ae28c58205217fa64afec6d8d9f914f50d5fd38f23af380494fad277c","observation_id":"98893302-1203-4055-b692-4de08fc9e3e6","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.525702Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"malformed_identifier"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"0718.30407","doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:46.047451Z","title":"Analysis of the clearing diversity- preserving mechanism,","venue":null,"work_id":"afc0732c-8691-4f4f-abf3-1d43089a87b5","year":2017},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":86,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.530717Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f471faa056637bf4be715e136a0f7590261771943e5de0003e628349b42ede11","observation_id":"4439be7c-930d-4648-8f65-3577eaa70c7d","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:46.056523Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"metadata_mismatch"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.560532Z","title":"Fault tolerant design using single and multicriteria genetic algorithm optimization,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1995},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":87,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.560532Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:31448978a7e5ff6f4f8e80d8ddc2ca4ce1b86ba93ed70250abb6d8b1e6051faf","observation_id":"61555110-7f4c-4171-b63e-ba4e0a51e71d","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.560532Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.565577Z","title":"On measuring multiobjective evolutionary algorithm performance,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2000},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":88,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.565577Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a6e2702eb9e216c6ae651f4e0af0b4869ceff4c421fd254b42e48b0927ae74c8","observation_id":"5143ab46-5cf5-45c1-a31b-9df5c5b2ca6c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.565577Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"malformed_identifier"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.570561Z","title":"Comparison of multiobjective evolutionary algorithms: Empirical results,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2000},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":89,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.570561Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:6b9198de953e06719da52cefba7f000035638d4392c1f43eca031ce5f4cca25c","observation_id":"ac656f45-3190-4cc7-b2a3-236ca68d8681","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.570561Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.550623Z","title":"Luke, Essentials of Metaheuristics , 2nd ed","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2013},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":90,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.550623Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:21fc4c812c3c550a4a7f3481a98ef65cf51dc853d91f3482c0dbf0ad83bfbb16","observation_id":"f43340e5-3c15-49cf-b216-085a5a46f1a4","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.550623Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.555469Z","title":"Quality evaluation of solution sets in multiobjective optimisation: A survey,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":91,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.555469Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ea189ef23df724a908e30d7cae622af88ec0fa461afb9243fce95fba97d42a1f","observation_id":"8a27958e-7e6f-4ba5-bf3d-b4689da81095","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.555469Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2013.22406","doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:45.741398Z","title":"Performance metric ensemble for multiobjective evolutionary algorithms,","venue":null,"work_id":"9c985c7b-de59-4284-96b1-94faa6b63d1c","year":2014},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":92,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.586308Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:21c58edfeb3031968191b3510d5548b45461bb6a41a0cfe2f1e61b5faf6500d8","observation_id":"4db37fcd-ee7e-402f-9102-8181b7e01c4e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:45.750020Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"metadata_mismatch"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.596903Z","title":"Simulated binary crossover for continuous search space,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1995},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":94,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.596903Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9ca655d182ca664ce1468a4100edef809e9230088c5a056aba0a83e8a176c4ac","observation_id":"7db1b7f9-8538-4bad-a69b-efe7ed77eb53","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.596903Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.575682Z","title":"Diversity assessment in many- objective optimization,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2017},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":95,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.575682Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9e9214320fd4f1032437a20e00db2f5da3df0055b31f2aab44f349959fd7d6e4","observation_id":"2a5e5724-df30-4f21-8499-abeeb11cdd4a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.575682Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.580952Z","title":"Diversity assessment of multi-objective evolutionary algorithms: Performance metric and benchmark problems [research frontier],","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":96,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.580952Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:7cdfdafdfd065dda1ef778fe2cdb0d88d964a09c8f120ac062db33c01ceb04d6","observation_id":"7e9d841e-d1c6-491a-a74f-4464152008e3","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.580952Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.612719Z","title":"EvoSuite: On the challenges of test case generation in the real world,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2013},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":97,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.612719Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ba4a8583f9ddb0d438e7bf18557be852ad9688f78ab6cb85d5365a5983a11c00","observation_id":"c5187b32-647c-4715-99f2-1b367d1860f3","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.612719Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.617524Z","title":"Automated test case generation as a many-objective optimisation problem with dynamic selection of the targets,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":98,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.617524Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:cd5f02c5e0941755aa6381baa69ea98dbdc82ff579de814184ca54c124c9ef80","observation_id":"cc1ec262-9d2c-4edd-b270-58889bcee70e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.617524Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.622477Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1992},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":99,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.622477Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:60ed50a784937fb1eb9e68c887be6457d44fb95f7734ec616ec831e16c206827","observation_id":"f2255597-9725-421f-bc02-2e506748eec2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.622477Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.601870Z","title":"EvoSuite: automatic test suite generation for object-oriented software,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2011},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":100,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.601870Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b47d15d56d04674cbe4ae4aa4f7c0b8287761dbcb647eaabda4f0d4d5e955832","observation_id":"14383960-a187-48c5-a6e9-3262fa9461b5","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.601870Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.606862Z","title":"Reformulating branch coverage as a many-objective optimization problem,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2015},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":101,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.606862Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1ded8789953937c5ece48def9421abfd7e96929dc105249ca0e04974b801a1ac","observation_id":"2a051f15-9ed9-4467-ba30-89a4a5b50dd1","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.606862Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.637314Z","title":"CARLA autonomous driving leaderboard","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":102,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.637314Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ff06fb00f2b047635293f5dca21ec4f0ccce00c0b805c0f27672c28e55a36050","observation_id":"7ebf70b1-5433-408d-9d84-c35179aba4b0","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.637314Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.642200Z","title":"BMT: Behavior driven development- based metamorphic testing for autonomous driving models,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":103,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.642200Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:583f88da024a8f85c415881bb5081ece6dd6e47d502c23f5a1557f4485a768a8","observation_id":"33072a44-15e5-40fd-a459-4c4d62615d20","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.642200Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.647003Z","title":"Metamorphic relations for testing automated and autonomous driving systems and simulation platforms,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":104,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.647003Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:231f1be97a6aa4992ccc8b1ab8c4c4af3614decfae3a54a288ab5041de18a912","observation_id":"152b0a9d-fc38-411b-82dd-86ae17a55aa7","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.647003Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.627693Z","title":"CARLA: An open urban driving simulator,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2017},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":105,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.627693Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:324b9bbaa07d02fdcaeaff058ec6456cf81c64a3db9e9cbe5bc19f8c13c5a709","observation_id":"af701b38-8c27-4cc6-b939-5922a81a5659","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.627693Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.632405Z","title":"Safety-enhanced autonomous driving using interpretable sensor fusion transformer,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems","version":3},"reference_index":106,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.632405Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.03843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:0efa37ab0601c2826281bf1e119ffd2a9086e8163a2ef6b9760c45a2e5d38923","observation_id":"db38d5e2-caf9-4217-a050-a8a16bc3981d","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T22:06:44.632405Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}}],"paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.03843","last_updated":"2025-05-15T17:02:00Z","latest_version":3,"primary_category":"cs.SE","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:04:55.588787Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T03:17:31Z","title":"Using Cooperative Co-evolutionary Search to Generate Metamorphic Test Cases for Autonomous Driving Systems"},"reference_resolution":{"displayed":100,"state_counts":{"malformed_identifier":2,"metadata_mismatch":7,"parse_uncertain":0,"unresolved":82,"verified_exact":9,"verified_fuzzy":0},"total_outbound_references":114},"refusal":"A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.","schema":"pith.paper-citation-record.v1","standing_sources":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"thesis":"As of 17 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 100 of 114 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2412.03843."}