{"as_of":"2026-08-13T00:39:00Z","caps":{"database_statements":6,"inbound":100,"outbound":100},"context_digest":"sha256:7a5cb104d26c06ecb438080709cafa25a0f1df4927aabebcd50d2f152fce4bc8","coverage":[{"denominator":13,"lane":"reference_resolution","note":"Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.","records_observed":13,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:40:28.465047Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":13,"lane":"standing_notices","note":"One-hop event checks from named stored sources.","records_observed":13,"source":"scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00","state":"measured"},{"denominator":0,"lane":"inbound_itemization","note":"Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.","records_observed":0,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":null,"state":"measured"},{"denominator":1,"lane":"external_citation_measurements","note":"A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.","records_observed":0,"source":"cited_works","source_observed_at":null,"state":"measured"}],"external_citation_measurements":[],"inbound":[],"links":{"evidence":"/evidence","html":"/paper/2501.13125/citation-record","integrity":"/paper/2501.13125/integrity","json":"/paper/2501.13125/citation-record.json","paper":"/paper/2501.13125"},"outbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:40:28.644675Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"a53bd843-a1e8-4f95-92ff-a4fed7921f06","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2501.13125","last_updated":"2025-05-31T05:37:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:33:56.161186Z","submitted_at":"2025-01-21T10:20:39Z","title":"Generating Plausible Distractors for Multiple-Choice Questions via Student Choice Prediction","version":3},"reference_index":1,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:40:28.424109Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2501.13125"},"observation_digest":"sha256:7bc28b2c586871c2643af8b3cef2daf7d45c9c596d76bbc990063b08a5f37d67","observation_id":"9ec24a82-9248-4785-b466-9b2a338b1de0","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:40:28.648353Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T06:34:36.333875+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:40:28.633320Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"32beee92-ec90-4fc4-ac45-c0c8aa847483","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2501.13125","last_updated":"2025-05-31T05:37:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:33:56.161186Z","submitted_at":"2025-01-21T10:20:39Z","title":"Generating Plausible Distractors for Multiple-Choice Questions via Student Choice Prediction","version":3},"reference_index":2,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:40:28.428716Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2501.13125"},"observation_digest":"sha256:6594794d8601c5104f8c35132405cc1538dffe662fb1268b6fe9aa8b0e400cf8","observation_id":"3a39bf48-58fd-4dbb-839e-24a2a16a7e91","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:40:28.637288Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T06:34:36.333875+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:40:28.622225Z","title":"\" [B]:","venue":null,"work_id":"8ae51dbd-4462-40aa-95c1-188669cf0c01","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2501.13125","last_updated":"2025-05-31T05:37:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:33:56.161186Z","submitted_at":"2025-01-21T10:20:39Z","title":"Generating Plausible Distractors for Multiple-Choice Questions via Student Choice Prediction","version":3},"reference_index":3,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:40:28.433402Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2501.13125"},"observation_digest":"sha256:768dd49f4dda74c15a6ee69cea2aba65d541a0cf2ffc76743c066dd42528c5eb","observation_id":"b3357f6f-6344-4d77-a258-0bb778189c41","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:40:28.626141Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T06:34:36.333875+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2406.05494","last_updated":"2024-06-08T15:20:56Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T23:47:18.340653Z","submitted_at":"2024-06-08T15:20:56Z","title":"Investigating and Addressing Hallucinations of LLMs in Tasks Involving Negation","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2406.05494","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:40:28.417893Z","title":"Choose the incorrect statement","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2501.13125","last_updated":"2025-05-31T05:37:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:33:56.161186Z","submitted_at":"2025-01-21T10:20:39Z","title":"Generating Plausible Distractors for Multiple-Choice Questions via Student Choice Prediction","version":3},"reference_index":4,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:40:28.417893Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2406.05494","citing_paper":"/paper/2501.13125"},"observation_digest":"sha256:85e43fef6356fb8e15f863867a1343a8295d13db988ac54648e75af74efa2e74","observation_id":"9c3cb50a-623d-476c-83bb-2560b80664d2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:40:28.417893Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"malformed_identifier"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:40:28.596596Z","title":"Incorrect knowledge","venue":null,"work_id":"4af7afc2-ae93-4057-a2a5-fecd06677c71","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2501.13125","last_updated":"2025-05-31T05:37:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:33:56.161186Z","submitted_at":"2025-01-21T10:20:39Z","title":"Generating Plausible Distractors for Multiple-Choice Questions via Student Choice Prediction","version":3},"reference_index":9,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:40:28.443102Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2501.13125"},"observation_digest":"sha256:8ed1302f665dd58878e01c85635d9a14e2cd38e7e447ec7dfd5196baaad7edb3","observation_id":"2be321a6-e87b-49de-8823-4fb2578faf10","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:40:28.600700Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T06:34:36.333875+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:40:28.584759Z","title":"type\" as","venue":null,"work_id":"4894fbbd-ef56-4dbf-a9c0-2d7f72d1e4d0","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2501.13125","last_updated":"2025-05-31T05:37:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:33:56.161186Z","submitted_at":"2025-01-21T10:20:39Z","title":"Generating Plausible Distractors for Multiple-Choice Questions via Student Choice Prediction","version":3},"reference_index":10,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:40:28.448027Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2501.13125"},"observation_digest":"sha256:8bdcbbfe95c594d7ca6a76f3c42408ed5f8d90e320455a660f5e3995c73a3898","observation_id":"cc9f83a3-e17f-420d-9923-0db3d2b3a8fb","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:40:28.588800Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T06:34:36.333875+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:40:28.572189Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"a53d2a5d-c6fb-472f-aeff-087bf9272a21","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2501.13125","last_updated":"2025-05-31T05:37:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:33:56.161186Z","submitted_at":"2025-01-21T10:20:39Z","title":"Generating Plausible Distractors for Multiple-Choice Questions via Student Choice Prediction","version":3},"reference_index":11,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:40:28.451880Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2501.13125"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a10f2bd5c4c79818db49d8f7777061450e761274ce0b9b1ddcc8beec776a2c7d","observation_id":"72b07e4b-4d91-42d7-9d6c-ae7b4573f6cc","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:40:28.576979Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T06:34:36.333875+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:40:28.559993Z","title":"valid.\" If it is not the correct answer, label it as","venue":null,"work_id":"a33758c3-d4f5-49d0-a432-4dbf74ab64c1","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2501.13125","last_updated":"2025-05-31T05:37:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:33:56.161186Z","submitted_at":"2025-01-21T10:20:39Z","title":"Generating Plausible Distractors for Multiple-Choice Questions via Student Choice Prediction","version":3},"reference_index":12,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:40:28.456154Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2501.13125"},"observation_digest":"sha256:43d810b083a409cdb3a51a158bbfe1d9fe58e1024f3d3480f40f1240951c3c92","observation_id":"24060f0d-6474-4524-9c39-3a42f903474e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:40:28.563899Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T06:34:36.333875+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:40:28.610451Z","title":"Incorrect knowledge","venue":null,"work_id":"ee811d27-495a-41d2-bf6b-c9990d069f0a","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2501.13125","last_updated":"2025-05-31T05:37:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:33:56.161186Z","submitted_at":"2025-01-21T10:20:39Z","title":"Generating Plausible Distractors for Multiple-Choice Questions via Student Choice Prediction","version":3},"reference_index":13,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:40:28.460931Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2501.13125"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f7f602b5ee3ea9c9a62c546575e732b02306e85409813a673699954eb3b6eb5d","observation_id":"06cb1fcd-77a1-4d8c-b19d-ebbb4be20526","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:40:28.614305Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T06:34:36.333875+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:40:28.548061Z","title":"Incorrect knowledge","venue":null,"work_id":"84ad4cfa-b083-4e4b-81db-819cfcb9062b","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2501.13125","last_updated":"2025-05-31T05:37:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:33:56.161186Z","submitted_at":"2025-01-21T10:20:39Z","title":"Generating Plausible Distractors for Multiple-Choice Questions via Student Choice Prediction","version":3},"reference_index":14,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:40:28.465047Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2501.13125"},"observation_digest":"sha256:06734a7ecfab79b5aaf62d3d53ce9dcf948bb9f861bf0cf171491798f7f74acb","observation_id":"0e7737de-2a5f-4053-a009-44732559e02e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:40:28.551976Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T06:34:36.333875+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:40:28.655583Z","title":"An- nals of PIMS-Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, 13(4):310–315","venue":null,"work_id":"aead198a-c2d7-4743-8a84-b42279c2ac72","year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2501.13125","last_updated":"2025-05-31T05:37:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:33:56.161186Z","submitted_at":"2025-01-21T10:20:39Z","title":"Generating Plausible Distractors for Multiple-Choice Questions via Student Choice Prediction","version":3},"reference_index":2017,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:40:28.408396Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2501.13125"},"observation_digest":"sha256:522de79c1da3e66b9b1f05430701c841e2b46a966789df0c58b9ee6e345c1255","observation_id":"d761ffde-2e28-49e8-a311-60e8d06fd13b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:40:28.659409Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T06:34:36.333875+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2010.09598","last_updated":"2020-10-19T15:23:24Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T10:05:50.314212Z","submitted_at":"2020-10-19T15:23:24Z","title":"Better Distractions: Transformer-based Distractor Generation and Multiple Choice Question Filtering","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2010.09598","doi":null,"metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"2010.09598","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:40:28.518016Z","title":"Better Distractions: Transformer-based Distractor Generation and Multiple Choice Question Filtering","venue":"cs.CL","work_id":"60ad15cb-664c-40d3-b62c-8cd9ba95bd3e","year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2501.13125","last_updated":"2025-05-31T05:37:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:33:56.161186Z","submitted_at":"2025-01-21T10:20:39Z","title":"Generating Plausible Distractors for Multiple-Choice Questions via Student Choice Prediction","version":3},"reference_index":2020,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:40:28.412933Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2010.09598","citing_paper":"/paper/2501.13125"},"observation_digest":"sha256:0adb54ba5162acd7c836f9dc15f582d42b19ae4ac7f0d4d41bdea25cfa20decf","observation_id":"1dab1c18-eb62-4255-a470-46cacc18f55a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:40:28.524971Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"metadata_mismatch"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T06:34:36.333875+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2106.09685","last_updated":"2021-10-16T18:40:34Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T08:20:29.798517Z","submitted_at":"2021-06-17T17:37:18Z","title":"LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2106.09685","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:40:28.402690Z","title":"IEEE Access, 12:102261–102273","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2501.13125","last_updated":"2025-05-31T05:37:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:33:56.161186Z","submitted_at":"2025-01-21T10:20:39Z","title":"Generating Plausible Distractors for Multiple-Choice Questions via Student Choice Prediction","version":3},"reference_index":2024,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:40:28.402690Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2106.09685","citing_paper":"/paper/2501.13125"},"observation_digest":"sha256:958931728203782573efb7489422f62f5d21026b2d71cc4f95c0b7975092d8ef","observation_id":"48f67937-65f1-4577-aba4-716b250dc0af","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:40:28.402690Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}}],"paper":{"arxiv_id":"2501.13125","last_updated":"2025-05-31T05:37:00Z","latest_version":3,"primary_category":"cs.CL","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T17:33:56.161186Z","submitted_at":"2025-01-21T10:20:39Z","title":"Generating Plausible Distractors for Multiple-Choice Questions via Student Choice Prediction"},"reference_resolution":{"displayed":13,"state_counts":{"malformed_identifier":1,"metadata_mismatch":1,"parse_uncertain":0,"unresolved":4,"verified_exact":0,"verified_fuzzy":7},"total_outbound_references":13},"refusal":"A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.","schema":"pith.paper-citation-record.v1","standing_sources":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T06:34:36.333875+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"thesis":"As of 13 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 13 of 13 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2501.13125."}