{"as_of":"2026-08-23T12:41:00Z","caps":{"database_statements":6,"inbound":100,"outbound":100},"context_digest":"sha256:2288fbc2b9ee1089c19b6da51f48e90bf14cff32857752c05ae6e220afb1dcab","coverage":[{"denominator":23,"lane":"reference_resolution","note":"Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.","records_observed":23,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:05.967056Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":25,"lane":"standing_notices","note":"One-hop event checks from named stored sources.","records_observed":25,"source":"scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache","source_observed_at":"2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00","state":"measured"},{"denominator":2,"lane":"inbound_itemization","note":"Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.","records_observed":2,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:43:51.111450Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":1,"lane":"external_citation_measurements","note":"A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.","records_observed":0,"source":"pith","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:43:51.468080Z","state":"measured"}],"external_citation_measurements":[],"inbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2501.17190","last_updated":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T17:15:08.800851Z","submitted_at":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","title":"A Comprehensive Study on Fine-Tuning Large Language Models for Medical Question Answering Using Classification Models and Comparative Analysis","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2501.17190","doi":null,"metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"2501.17190","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:43:51.468080Z","title":"A Comprehensive Study on Fine-Tuning Large Language Models for Medical Question Answering Using Classification Models and Comparative Analysis","venue":"cs.CL","work_id":"fc3480e6-b019-41b6-a8eb-74a8d38a74ff","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2505.17831","last_updated":"2025-05-23T12:44:28Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T05:11:50.836885Z","submitted_at":"2025-05-23T12:44:28Z","title":"Educational programs and crime: a compartmental model approach","version":1},"reference_index":40,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:43:51.111450Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2501.17190","citing_paper":"/paper/2505.17831"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9a73b0da0d734ae9a0b8e04eae17c8f1fb97c8a06a45a0080bb45818f25e8c41","observation_id":"3fd6bbad-e4da-4fbf-acf6-ffa5a3546c91","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:43:51.642320Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"metadata_mismatch"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-23T06:30:53.778098+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2501.17190","last_updated":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T17:15:08.800851Z","submitted_at":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","title":"A Comprehensive Study on Fine-Tuning Large Language Models for Medical Question Answering Using Classification Models and Comparative Analysis","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2501.17190","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-31T04:59:13.875290Z","title":"Delamater, Erica J","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.28514","last_updated":"2026-07-30T16:52:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T21:43:29.176559Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-30T16:52:23Z","title":"Multi-scale measures of time-varying epidemic spread on human mobility networks","version":1},"reference_index":49,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-07-31T04:59:13.875290Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2501.17190","citing_paper":"/paper/2607.28514"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a336587a416d96ed470fec651e73bea09bea970ab4e9d2b3f237172d948afba4","observation_id":"283cdb20-9572-45dd-a620-857f0deb8d54","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-07-31T04:59:13.875290Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}}],"links":{"evidence":"/evidence","html":"/paper/2501.17190/citation-record","integrity":"/paper/2501.17190/integrity","json":"/paper/2501.17190/citation-record.json","paper":"/paper/2501.17190"},"outbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:06.337275Z","title":"Large language models in healthcare and medical domain: A review","venue":null,"work_id":"ca8cc632-34b9-4905-8e9e-5f52e8bf0509","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2501.17190","last_updated":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T17:15:08.800851Z","submitted_at":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","title":"A Comprehensive Study on Fine-Tuning Large Language Models for Medical Question Answering Using Classification Models and Comparative Analysis","version":1},"reference_index":1,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:05.870883Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2501.17190"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b74d00f638b352c0afaa2f1e8387d18353fbfe78f8ff4c157d2a3dd30dc9cd00","observation_id":"251211b3-96e0-4bb7-a73b-8936407e326c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:06.341773Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-23T06:30:53.778098+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:06.322468Z","title":"Large language models in medicine","venue":null,"work_id":"84f2d187-275d-4960-ac7f-4ce204eb7828","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2501.17190","last_updated":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T17:15:08.800851Z","submitted_at":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","title":"A Comprehensive Study on Fine-Tuning Large Language Models for Medical Question Answering Using Classification Models and Comparative Analysis","version":1},"reference_index":2,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:05.876117Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2501.17190"},"observation_digest":"sha256:cbeff9bcd002d8d8af96e99f81725502e3dc34c3757ae1b0cc0eb80b902a8228","observation_id":"9e729068-b4ca-44f6-90cb-805d7a47ec2b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:06.327092Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-23T06:30:53.778098+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:06.307330Z","title":"KIMedQA: towards building knowledge - enhanced medical QA models","venue":null,"work_id":"cb758024-be02-41a7-9b24-b556b27edf13","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2501.17190","last_updated":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T17:15:08.800851Z","submitted_at":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","title":"A Comprehensive Study on Fine-Tuning Large Language Models for Medical Question Answering Using Classification Models and Comparative Analysis","version":1},"reference_index":3,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:05.881507Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2501.17190"},"observation_digest":"sha256:564b3038cf56b6da3c706719c8e36bb6d73af545770cdeb6057cbaa961371a42","observation_id":"8493209c-d245-4b99-89c6-764481c510d2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:06.312012Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-23T06:30:53.778098+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2106.09685","last_updated":"2021-10-16T18:40:34Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-20T11:47:17.477107Z","submitted_at":"2021-06-17T17:37:18Z","title":"LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2106.09685","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:05.886288Z","title":"Lora: Low -rank adaptation of large language models","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2501.17190","last_updated":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T17:15:08.800851Z","submitted_at":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","title":"A Comprehensive Study on Fine-Tuning Large Language Models for Medical Question Answering Using Classification Models and Comparative Analysis","version":1},"reference_index":4,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:05.886288Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2106.09685","citing_paper":"/paper/2501.17190"},"observation_digest":"sha256:26336c393049dcc3b289daf2561dec269e9b62c1c680c463b2e5600324d1ad19","observation_id":"77e69ab1-b7b1-436b-ac56-99c948ff487a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:05.886288Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:06.292136Z","title":"HealifyAI - LLM based Healthcare System","venue":null,"work_id":"41385d96-bafb-4062-8314-b5f37391365f","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2501.17190","last_updated":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T17:15:08.800851Z","submitted_at":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","title":"A Comprehensive Study on Fine-Tuning Large Language Models for Medical Question Answering Using Classification Models and Comparative Analysis","version":1},"reference_index":5,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:05.891623Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2501.17190"},"observation_digest":"sha256:acb26f1e69bc725082ed4fba15dc5bcffcb3973b564d64dedd12818b091d874b","observation_id":"31a02a99-1ebf-4503-831d-13144622409e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:06.296806Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-23T06:30:53.778098+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:06.277035Z","title":"Enhancing health care communication with large language models —the role, challenges, and future directions","venue":null,"work_id":"fa1e3887-6f7c-4b7c-a3a3-f5ec3ca6cac0","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2501.17190","last_updated":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T17:15:08.800851Z","submitted_at":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","title":"A Comprehensive Study on Fine-Tuning Large Language Models for Medical Question Answering Using Classification Models and Comparative Analysis","version":1},"reference_index":6,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:05.896366Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2501.17190"},"observation_digest":"sha256:03277ed8f1aa8715693336a56745bbf18f7c9591c8427c6a97f23071637c76d0","observation_id":"3302554d-7c56-43b0-8aaf-988c99a825f4","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:06.282415Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-23T06:30:53.778098+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:06.260843Z","title":"Large language models could change the future of behavioral healthcare: a proposal for responsible development and ev aluation","venue":null,"work_id":"cc2ea97c-c0ba-4b45-b8ff-29cdb6c94d70","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2501.17190","last_updated":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T17:15:08.800851Z","submitted_at":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","title":"A Comprehensive Study on Fine-Tuning Large Language Models for Medical Question Answering Using Classification Models and Comparative Analysis","version":1},"reference_index":7,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:05.901348Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2501.17190"},"observation_digest":"sha256:12f96ff1579dcc8831785b73b12d986cb32bb65d765686273697abaeec3c729a","observation_id":"0ae3f9d0-2ba5-4649-abdc-ec76e7977614","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:06.266066Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-23T06:30:53.778098+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:06.245106Z","title":"The opportunities and risks of large language models in mental health","venue":null,"work_id":"0c3b98c4-872c-41f8-addd-e999caa3e8f3","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2501.17190","last_updated":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T17:15:08.800851Z","submitted_at":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","title":"A Comprehensive Study on Fine-Tuning Large Language Models for Medical Question Answering Using Classification Models and Comparative Analysis","version":1},"reference_index":8,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:05.905709Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2501.17190"},"observation_digest":"sha256:49f655a143643abe02a73856e446ac650299e4b7be5e642123d968420897e675","observation_id":"0de0fb67-561c-44c9-a684-98b6ed92a07b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:06.250142Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-23T06:30:53.778098+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:06.229512Z","title":"Generative AI and large language models in health care: pathways to implementation","venue":null,"work_id":"b9eee441-a9d7-4da3-a2d7-40663b42e1b7","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2501.17190","last_updated":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T17:15:08.800851Z","submitted_at":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","title":"A Comprehensive Study on Fine-Tuning Large Language Models for Medical Question Answering Using Classification Models and Comparative Analysis","version":1},"reference_index":9,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:05.909949Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2501.17190"},"observation_digest":"sha256:590d2130c5a151e1f90bd08807172fc5505c38bd3c78aa451226c1727cbb5fd9","observation_id":"b67548f6-ba5a-47f4-8ee2-2cb847978132","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:06.234409Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-23T06:30:53.778098+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:06.215756Z","title":"Opportunities and challenges for ChatGPT and large language models in biomedicine and health","venue":null,"work_id":"bfeeacdb-2ce3-4713-9027-e12bfe2c438d","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2501.17190","last_updated":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T17:15:08.800851Z","submitted_at":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","title":"A Comprehensive Study on Fine-Tuning Large Language Models for Medical Question Answering Using Classification Models and Comparative Analysis","version":1},"reference_index":10,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:05.914082Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2501.17190"},"observation_digest":"sha256:60bcd66fe121df4c123bd933e87dcd1aeaed70f71cc38fa7f49116ae24d08d90","observation_id":"f7a1abd0-1c0c-48d4-91b9-1e1c7980767c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:06.220163Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-23T06:30:53.778098+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1907.11692","last_updated":"2019-07-26T17:48:29Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T14:33:50.657682Z","submitted_at":"2019-07-26T17:48:29Z","title":"RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1907.11692","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:05.918301Z","title":"Roberta: A robustly optimized bert pretraining approach","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1907},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2501.17190","last_updated":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T17:15:08.800851Z","submitted_at":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","title":"A Comprehensive Study on Fine-Tuning Large Language Models for Medical Question Answering Using Classification Models and Comparative Analysis","version":1},"reference_index":11,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:05.918301Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1907.11692","citing_paper":"/paper/2501.17190"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b624ca2885f8f34cf5f2a463eb990414caa99f1e1f0b3b927590dca4520b5472","observation_id":"bbf09c86-b9d0-42bd-811c-aad60c0b810f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:05.918301Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.11942","last_updated":"2020-02-09T03:00:18Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T01:27:11.590348Z","submitted_at":"2019-09-26T07:06:13Z","title":"ALBERT: A Lite BERT for Self-supervised Learning of Language Representations","version":6},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1909.11942","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:05.922790Z","title":"Albert: A lite bert for self-supervised learning of language representations","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1909},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2501.17190","last_updated":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T17:15:08.800851Z","submitted_at":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","title":"A Comprehensive Study on Fine-Tuning Large Language Models for Medical Question Answering Using Classification Models and Comparative Analysis","version":1},"reference_index":12,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:05.922790Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1909.11942","citing_paper":"/paper/2501.17190"},"observation_digest":"sha256:7b07080551eae3aff4eb58cf3c3cabb5af7c53fd8a982c67c4bf4d6170727dbb","observation_id":"c95eeb3a-b466-42e7-8013-2a179c74fa6c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:05.922790Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.08593","last_updated":"2020-01-08T23:02:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-21T16:54:14.450108Z","submitted_at":"2019-09-18T17:33:39Z","title":"Fine-Tuning Language Models from Human Preferences","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1909.08593","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:05.927795Z","title":"Fine -tuning language models from human preferences","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1909},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2501.17190","last_updated":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T17:15:08.800851Z","submitted_at":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","title":"A Comprehensive Study on Fine-Tuning Large Language Models for Medical Question Answering Using Classification Models and Comparative Analysis","version":1},"reference_index":13,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:05.927795Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1909.08593","citing_paper":"/paper/2501.17190"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2652c2ccac010cbc22832d47c8da6a73b75cbf9f73094e5bd481e7390d8dace7","observation_id":"cb8f8fef-b5a2-4e8e-a8fc-d2ae9746c329","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:05.927795Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:06.201984Z","title":"BioBERT: a pre-trained biomedical language representation model for biomedical text mining","venue":null,"work_id":"509b65a6-b47e-4901-8558-41a460702867","year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2501.17190","last_updated":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T17:15:08.800851Z","submitted_at":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","title":"A Comprehensive Study on Fine-Tuning Large Language Models for Medical Question Answering Using Classification Models and Comparative Analysis","version":1},"reference_index":14,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:05.932373Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2501.17190"},"observation_digest":"sha256:46e477f9a67b3f52fd9ff21c0192ca7db045a999017437231e9dee8d8a0fd8e7","observation_id":"a986a46d-08ac-4a5e-bfc8-7c35e5b4efa1","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:06.206311Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-23T06:30:53.778098+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:06.186162Z","title":"The promise of large language models in health care","venue":null,"work_id":"1c8db16f-e07f-4168-86a4-4cbe012fee66","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2501.17190","last_updated":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T17:15:08.800851Z","submitted_at":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","title":"A Comprehensive Study on Fine-Tuning Large Language Models for Medical Question Answering Using Classification Models and Comparative Analysis","version":1},"reference_index":15,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:05.936209Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2501.17190"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e65fc3bb00ac1d68d4467baf76f0f33d4dc3d29cf28c78d1839546dc2442aa77","observation_id":"e110d851-3ab6-46c0-8f29-976b3acee9d6","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:06.191449Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-23T06:30:53.778098+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:06.169338Z","title":"The future landscape of large language mod els in medicine","venue":null,"work_id":"b67b1b79-e11d-4a25-b2a8-b16dc36063d2","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2501.17190","last_updated":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T17:15:08.800851Z","submitted_at":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","title":"A Comprehensive Study on Fine-Tuning Large Language Models for Medical Question Answering Using Classification Models and Comparative Analysis","version":1},"reference_index":16,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:05.940059Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2501.17190"},"observation_digest":"sha256:166d3f0b8baa41e0f3d0cf84f97aedb47c68c6f6c8322991833658f5daef3b71","observation_id":"9e82bb45-2ab5-47ec-ba3f-5611757c900c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:06.174561Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-23T06:30:53.778098+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:06.153567Z","title":"Artificial intelligence: revolutionizing cardiology with large language models","venue":null,"work_id":"5c28031c-750f-469e-ba18-6543ba09402d","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2501.17190","last_updated":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T17:15:08.800851Z","submitted_at":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","title":"A Comprehensive Study on Fine-Tuning Large Language Models for Medical Question Answering Using Classification Models and Comparative Analysis","version":1},"reference_index":17,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:05.943900Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2501.17190"},"observation_digest":"sha256:870a0bbdb1e7bc4401c4b9688a8514d26ba50cfa6ef9e0c795ed26a7cdaf0622","observation_id":"018dfab7-1a9f-4b84-a09d-37a4ec117113","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:06.158459Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-23T06:30:53.778098+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:06.137275Z","title":"Implications of large language models such as ChatGPT for dental medicine","venue":null,"work_id":"5500eb53-491b-49f8-97d9-6c1c88585e93","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2501.17190","last_updated":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T17:15:08.800851Z","submitted_at":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","title":"A Comprehensive Study on Fine-Tuning Large Language Models for Medical Question Answering Using Classification Models and Comparative Analysis","version":1},"reference_index":18,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:05.947722Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2501.17190"},"observation_digest":"sha256:3e81db9756aaa5bed71064e91684309edcc24cb753a4d1c4a90b40af8123c872","observation_id":"120e640c-8065-4bf7-a2d9-2e56f3aa73c6","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:06.142264Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-23T06:30:53.778098+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:06.121897Z","title":"Large language models in health care: Development, applications, and challenges","venue":null,"work_id":"e30d4063-5e8d-42fd-a651-aed383c3d096","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2501.17190","last_updated":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T17:15:08.800851Z","submitted_at":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","title":"A Comprehensive Study on Fine-Tuning Large Language Models for Medical Question Answering Using Classification Models and Comparative Analysis","version":1},"reference_index":19,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:05.951403Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2501.17190"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a637ee1b264a9aba17bf5c1686e3d4ef23ab1a975622231bc0b61e9ffbcc58d5","observation_id":"820161d2-57f7-4ae7-8c59-d631061f2c57","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:06.127230Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-23T06:30:53.778098+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:06.106441Z","title":"Updated primer on generative artificial intelligence and large language models in medical imaging for medical professionals","venue":null,"work_id":"60be3dd4-ca47-441b-968e-80531ce9a790","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2501.17190","last_updated":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T17:15:08.800851Z","submitted_at":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","title":"A Comprehensive Study on Fine-Tuning Large Language Models for Medical Question Answering Using Classification Models and Comparative Analysis","version":1},"reference_index":20,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:05.955223Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2501.17190"},"observation_digest":"sha256:5ffe0fb42c45b283192249ecf1653b88aeb007c67fed6ac3d3b1ca80ffa6b4c3","observation_id":"59d6eb0a-fd2e-426f-91f4-d7b70f4b3dd2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:06.111557Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-23T06:30:53.778098+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:06.091554Z","title":"Embracing large language models for medical applications: opportunities and challenges","venue":null,"work_id":"3c26b79c-3c91-4590-9957-f1abb712cc57","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2501.17190","last_updated":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T17:15:08.800851Z","submitted_at":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","title":"A Comprehensive Study on Fine-Tuning Large Language Models for Medical Question Answering Using Classification Models and Comparative Analysis","version":1},"reference_index":21,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:05.959165Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2501.17190"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4248261e6675b07313e9d4c3e4ae62474018b80541a6da90694d0db60efe0189","observation_id":"7c595156-45ef-425d-a465-ff8b76f60cc1","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:06.096224Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-23T06:30:53.778098+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2403.04785","last_updated":"2024-08-29T22:18:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T07:00:37.460200Z","submitted_at":"2024-03-02T22:33:17Z","title":"Large Language Multimodal Models for 5-Year Chronic Disease Cohort Prediction Using EHR Data","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2403.04785","doi":null,"metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"2403.04785","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:06.001837Z","title":"Large Language Multimodal Models for 5-Year Chronic Disease Cohort Prediction Using EHR Data","venue":"cs.CL","work_id":"ce2c2949-7a51-491c-b4d7-fbfc59976453","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2501.17190","last_updated":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T17:15:08.800851Z","submitted_at":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","title":"A Comprehensive Study on Fine-Tuning Large Language Models for Medical Question Answering Using Classification Models and Comparative Analysis","version":1},"reference_index":22,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:05.962756Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2403.04785","citing_paper":"/paper/2501.17190"},"observation_digest":"sha256:36730ba6bc40953205c6eb78dceb0aabfb7f02cbd6ed597af01964c5ffe4a8d2","observation_id":"fc5a3cba-9f62-4b09-b3c3-8a24cc9ce236","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:06.009266Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-23T06:30:53.778098+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:06.077381Z","title":"Process knowledge -infused learning for clinician -friendly explanations","venue":null,"work_id":"e11bf316-832d-479d-87db-7d9fab3d80ce","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2501.17190","last_updated":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T17:15:08.800851Z","submitted_at":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","title":"A Comprehensive Study on Fine-Tuning Large Language Models for Medical Question Answering Using Classification Models and Comparative Analysis","version":1},"reference_index":23,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:05.967056Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2501.17190"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b16dea25a7045e206fd7e8d4f01bffdeb16a371f586070a1c04922fe8a3bbb8f","observation_id":"1c203f29-c20e-42cc-bb82-fdca6b28c032","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:00:06.081981Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-23T06:30:53.778098+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}}],"paper":{"arxiv_id":"2501.17190","last_updated":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","latest_version":1,"primary_category":"cs.CL","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T17:15:08.800851Z","submitted_at":"2025-01-27T03:31:02Z","title":"A Comprehensive Study on Fine-Tuning Large Language Models for Medical Question Answering Using Classification Models and Comparative Analysis"},"reference_resolution":{"displayed":23,"state_counts":{"malformed_identifier":0,"metadata_mismatch":0,"parse_uncertain":0,"unresolved":4,"verified_exact":1,"verified_fuzzy":18},"total_outbound_references":23},"refusal":"A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.","schema":"pith.paper-citation-record.v1","standing_sources":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-23T06:30:53.778098+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"thesis":"As of 23 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 23 of 23 outbound references and 2 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2501.17190."}