{"as_of":"2026-08-17T02:14:00Z","caps":{"database_statements":6,"inbound":100,"outbound":100},"context_digest":"sha256:857dc6c4ff8f5f85dd5f86cc4bf37d450f3efefebe18c4621871ee1919ed39b2","coverage":[{"denominator":35,"lane":"reference_resolution","note":"Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.","records_observed":35,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.609144Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":35,"lane":"standing_notices","note":"One-hop event checks from named stored sources.","records_observed":35,"source":"scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","state":"measured"},{"denominator":0,"lane":"inbound_itemization","note":"Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.","records_observed":0,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":null,"state":"measured"},{"denominator":1,"lane":"external_citation_measurements","note":"A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.","records_observed":0,"source":"cited_works","source_observed_at":null,"state":"measured"}],"external_citation_measurements":[],"inbound":[],"links":{"evidence":"/evidence","html":"/paper/2504.18560/citation-record","integrity":"/paper/2504.18560/integrity","json":"/paper/2504.18560/citation-record.json","paper":"/paper/2504.18560"},"outbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:29.215588Z","title":"Using natural sentence prompts for understanding biases in language models","venue":null,"work_id":"0a6052fe-f6a7-4a6b-b382-4ad0696808a1","year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.18560","last_updated":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T19:01:25.764632Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","title":"Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages","version":1},"reference_index":1,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.424633Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2504.18560"},"observation_digest":"sha256:7bff7fab6dda66c6470fb3aab10329dbe3db026e7aee6306e420ed0aeca7bd53","observation_id":"8ae0a37f-97ff-4070-a6df-7af09714b637","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:29.221791Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:29.198961Z","title":"Costa-Jussà, and Noe Casas","venue":null,"work_id":"5668da64-0786-4668-bdb0-d547813faf16","year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.18560","last_updated":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T19:01:25.764632Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","title":"Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages","version":1},"reference_index":2,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.429950Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2504.18560"},"observation_digest":"sha256:57e0167e3354aade4181d0eda385f3444fc740b78431311485a8243cfec50db2","observation_id":"b7026937-4a03-4c5c-9a63-586d3a40180a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:29.203945Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.435601Z","title":"On the dangers of stochastic parrots: Can language models be too big? InProceedings of the 2021 ACM conference on fairness, accountability, and transparency, pages 610–623, 2021","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.18560","last_updated":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T19:01:25.764632Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","title":"Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages","version":1},"reference_index":3,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.435601Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2504.18560"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a76676c0b44b64a7538b70e92af66411d8a24eea809384f50555cf9df63264d7","observation_id":"34abca13-2ee8-40c1-a444-14815926a4a8","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.435601Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:29.172460Z","title":"Man is to computer programmer as woman is to homemaker? debiasing word embeddings","venue":null,"work_id":"6987a66f-6d0e-4196-948c-75635096adff","year":2016},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.18560","last_updated":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T19:01:25.764632Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","title":"Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages","version":1},"reference_index":4,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.440790Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2504.18560"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2a67cf60c380e5f0df89498ab0aa82c3b89b94094429270dce26bdac6680fc03","observation_id":"0d3dd1b0-8624-473a-81aa-7e2cf7a198dc","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:29.177764Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2112.04426","last_updated":"2022-02-07T21:07:59Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T09:04:15.292379Z","submitted_at":"2021-12-08T17:32:34Z","title":"Improving language models by retrieving from trillions of tokens","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2112.04426","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.445597Z","title":"Rae, Erich Elsen, and Laurent Sifre","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.18560","last_updated":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T19:01:25.764632Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","title":"Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages","version":1},"reference_index":5,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.445597Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2112.04426","citing_paper":"/paper/2504.18560"},"observation_digest":"sha256:302f4b8db726cf724dead5a522b72e88b5f7a5c4b05b9c8247bfda136cdb8da5","observation_id":"29419495-9e2b-4812-9465-c72895953b6e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.445597Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.451517Z","title":"Language models are few-shot learners.Advances in neural information processing systems, 33:1877–1901, 2020","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1901},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.18560","last_updated":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T19:01:25.764632Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","title":"Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages","version":1},"reference_index":6,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.451517Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2504.18560"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2a2d1c9a83d268631305709dae068064f217decf032725324bf24af2868b12e8","observation_id":"ba06be19-edda-42f0-b1ee-878afe0129ab","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.451517Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2402.01715","last_updated":"2024-01-25T23:15:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T14:24:23.911816Z","submitted_at":"2024-01-25T23:15:45Z","title":"ChatGPT vs Gemini vs LLaMA on Multilingual Sentiment Analysis","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2402.01715","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.456787Z","title":"Chatgpt vs gemini vs llama on multilingual sentiment analysis","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.18560","last_updated":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T19:01:25.764632Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","title":"Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages","version":1},"reference_index":7,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.456787Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2402.01715","citing_paper":"/paper/2504.18560"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c4b0a2da202157347d9c8957bc37f32f416b5d3505a97e0ba332462cd211bd9d","observation_id":"ccbdd6fe-5fcc-4030-b880-fab7fbd7013e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.456787Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2407.15009","last_updated":"2024-07-23T15:13:03Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T01:26:49.663936Z","submitted_at":"2024-06-11T18:59:43Z","title":"RogueGPT: dis-ethical tuning transforms ChatGPT4 into a Rogue AI in 158 Words","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2407.15009","doi":null,"metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"2407.15009","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.862591Z","title":"RogueGPT: dis-ethical tuning transforms ChatGPT4 into a Rogue AI in 158 Words","venue":"cs.CY","work_id":"300d9064-d5b5-4fa5-82d8-2941b0e21f79","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.18560","last_updated":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T19:01:25.764632Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","title":"Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages","version":1},"reference_index":8,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.461763Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2407.15009","citing_paper":"/paper/2504.18560"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a7d925d8c6f94c0c083f64183fd61737f50bd7ec08f4e176e333b2996276bf2b","observation_id":"7d13adff-2c8c-4054-b06a-d9122dd48ad9","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.870097Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:29.142966Z","title":"Marked personas: Using natural language prompts to measure stereotypes in language models","venue":null,"work_id":"6793c80d-9322-40a9-9a12-910ae16a1bdf","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.18560","last_updated":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T19:01:25.764632Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","title":"Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages","version":1},"reference_index":9,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.466665Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2504.18560"},"observation_digest":"sha256:aaca3a72db626daf78ea3400cf19ee7e6c54042ed1a1d1356e60ec9fc700c73c","observation_id":"e6c51f28-dfda-4286-b8d5-7bc71536e08e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:29.148952Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:29.125276Z","title":"Bold: dataset and metrics for measuring biases in open-ended language generation","venue":null,"work_id":"c684bf87-1ac2-45b6-8139-c9cc0e9df358","year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.18560","last_updated":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T19:01:25.764632Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","title":"Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages","version":1},"reference_index":10,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.470994Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2504.18560"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ba6cd19fca41f58ff8d1fc46fd78de950b159ec9fbb9c3dacf6ff1edf2747a08","observation_id":"c45ae906-49ec-4562-9ef1-a80558068548","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:29.130812Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:29.108464Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"4e78af23-effa-4e68-a82e-5453a30d5011","year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.18560","last_updated":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T19:01:25.764632Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","title":"Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages","version":1},"reference_index":11,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.475849Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2504.18560"},"observation_digest":"sha256:dde66e2f17ffddc869989f1027038f72dbd31099c1ac28e8f23b4265e852220b","observation_id":"1e53694c-a2cc-43fd-9cbe-77ca672c00ff","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:29.113132Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2407.03129","last_updated":"2024-07-03T14:12:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T13:37:22.346029Z","submitted_at":"2024-07-03T14:12:04Z","title":"Social Bias Evaluation for Large Language Models Requires Prompt Variations","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2407.03129","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.481096Z","title":"Social bias evaluation for large language models requires prompt variations.arXiv preprint arXiv:2407.03129, 2024","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.18560","last_updated":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T19:01:25.764632Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","title":"Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages","version":1},"reference_index":12,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.481096Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2407.03129","citing_paper":"/paper/2504.18560"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d87376220e179d30f3527a8a6f874e5783f6930fee65f9084284daf3e953d0b4","observation_id":"23d4cb3b-ead0-4e33-8dfd-d0a07f9b0a86","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.481096Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:29.090995Z","title":"Measuring bias in contextualized word representations","venue":null,"work_id":"35591288-cf13-4198-b599-3ccca7e8b737","year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.18560","last_updated":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T19:01:25.764632Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","title":"Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages","version":1},"reference_index":13,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.486613Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2504.18560"},"observation_digest":"sha256:28ca96dc9fd2733f2183afbd4318f04717c8787dcb244bb7226be1677b0684ae","observation_id":"4ba6a50e-86da-441e-92f5-7b1e2a6b2889","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:29.096624Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2005.00633","last_updated":"2020-05-01T22:04:58Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T09:16:59.519524Z","submitted_at":"2020-05-01T22:04:58Z","title":"From Zero to Hero: On the Limitations of Zero-Shot Cross-Lingual Transfer with Multilingual Transformers","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2005.00633","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.492025Z","title":"From zero to hero: On the limitations of zero-shot cross-lingual transfer with multilingual transformers.arXiv preprint arXiv:2005.00633, 2020","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2005},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.18560","last_updated":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T19:01:25.764632Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","title":"Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages","version":1},"reference_index":14,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.492025Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2005.00633","citing_paper":"/paper/2504.18560"},"observation_digest":"sha256:939e2e409030765f8d488504dfdddc4f13b6690ce98704cf895c3dcbe33071e3","observation_id":"41024fba-9992-4d36-8b45-a65f4aae6067","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.492025Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:29.073062Z","title":"The myth of left and right: How the political spectrum misleads and harms america","venue":null,"work_id":"911a545f-d63b-41bf-a5e5-bbfd945e95ff","year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.18560","last_updated":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T19:01:25.764632Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","title":"Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages","version":1},"reference_index":15,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.497656Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2504.18560"},"observation_digest":"sha256:5c2269b40a2e6167ae8863a5e5f4406d5dfa3fb5c374b924293a84fdbf0ab6f8","observation_id":"ca7f8e5a-1de2-40ea-87f7-6d9a8e8a0d08","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:29.078719Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2211.09110","last_updated":"2023-10-01T21:44:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T23:10:13.900680Z","submitted_at":"2022-11-16T18:51:34Z","title":"Holistic Evaluation of Language Models","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2211.09110","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.508916Z","title":"Holistic evaluation of language models.arXiv preprint arXiv:2211.09110, 2023","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.18560","last_updated":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T19:01:25.764632Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","title":"Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages","version":1},"reference_index":17,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.508916Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2211.09110","citing_paper":"/paper/2504.18560"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c1d8e59cdc8960e7ddeefa4c38bfe37b8c8838a47181592fb05240b00edf33f7","observation_id":"12198f07-bd16-4b89-93ea-2ab43594bb64","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.508916Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:29.057168Z","title":"Langbite, 2024","venue":null,"work_id":"53f089c3-e6af-4bbe-b53a-17ac5194d0b0","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.18560","last_updated":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T19:01:25.764632Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","title":"Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages","version":1},"reference_index":18,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.513605Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2504.18560"},"observation_digest":"sha256:82207f5f9af76ff2cf00acb48ca87c9d67c858a00ac3e3626bb17e9b7407431d","observation_id":"5da530b4-d460-4a84-9c9f-520caad48115","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:29.061835Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:29.040028Z","title":"A DSL for testing LLMs for fairness and bias","venue":null,"work_id":"9751b9fc-de5b-4f21-ad6c-c2d088721b3b","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.18560","last_updated":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T19:01:25.764632Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","title":"Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages","version":1},"reference_index":19,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.518091Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2504.18560"},"observation_digest":"sha256:98c473b9d173d4f3d961124c51a2e927ec887f79f8e930498bfc7c0edb52213d","observation_id":"f141f6ee-977a-466b-82a5-4f624f64091c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:29.045189Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2404.18558","last_updated":"2025-07-22T16:10:18Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T13:57:02.291012Z","submitted_at":"2024-04-29T10:02:45Z","title":"LangBiTe: A Platform for Testing Bias in Large Language Models","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2404.18558","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.523222Z","title":"LangBiTe: A platform for testing bias in large language models.arXiv preprint arXiv:2404.18558, 2024","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.18560","last_updated":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T19:01:25.764632Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","title":"Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages","version":1},"reference_index":20,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.523222Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2404.18558","citing_paper":"/paper/2504.18560"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f725f9b62aeeeee7cc50e157ab7a2d0459db61fc39bfb70cc3613bee2ae6fffb","observation_id":"ba1d2d5d-8335-4e96-9433-357b31cd9f8e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.523222Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:29.022710Z","title":"ImageBiTe: A framework for evaluating representational harms in text-to-image models","venue":null,"work_id":"8a1f6274-8634-44db-9176-f07ec49a7b35","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.18560","last_updated":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T19:01:25.764632Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","title":"Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages","version":1},"reference_index":21,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.528698Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2504.18560"},"observation_digest":"sha256:dd85dca26261d82f88486abb4b7fa844964f7e44067717c68892a54ec8fdd88b","observation_id":"1ef658c3-b1ff-47b8-8a10-73fda35b2cd8","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:29.027770Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2004.09456","last_updated":"2020-04-20T17:14:33Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T09:13:46.854094Z","submitted_at":"2020-04-20T17:14:33Z","title":"StereoSet: Measuring stereotypical bias in pretrained language models","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2004.09456","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.534015Z","title":"Stereoset: Measuring stereotypical bias in pretrained language models.arXiv preprint arXiv:2004.09456, 2020","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2004},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.18560","last_updated":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T19:01:25.764632Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","title":"Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages","version":1},"reference_index":22,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.534015Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2004.09456","citing_paper":"/paper/2504.18560"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ed6c3d9108e6a87e0c0a05a176c7cd6d8d8c24a670b10129c0986c156b6b8c66","observation_id":"0dbb02de-9135-4311-91a2-a56022782ffd","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.534015Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:29.005647Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"5f3b59c5-26fd-43fd-8576-ec48a86c0961","year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.18560","last_updated":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T19:01:25.764632Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","title":"Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages","version":1},"reference_index":23,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.539238Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2504.18560"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e929a5d4130fa5f80ec18ffbb7903f8482c7e6822c3a1bd37f6eaec8714ec38f","observation_id":"56272d0e-4d3c-48af-b60d-b3150c2f3ffb","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:29.011168Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2409.16430","last_updated":"2024-09-24T19:50:38Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T13:15:43.518108Z","submitted_at":"2024-09-24T19:50:38Z","title":"A Comprehensive Survey of Bias in LLMs: Current Landscape and Future Directions","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2409.16430","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.544144Z","title":"A comprehensive survey of bias in LLMs: Current landscape and future directions.arXiv preprint arXiv:2409.16430, 2024","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.18560","last_updated":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T19:01:25.764632Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","title":"Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages","version":1},"reference_index":24,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.544144Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2409.16430","citing_paper":"/paper/2504.18560"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4c588fe69d40de05a9d9601423701197a15ada875f7fde71d5dd4afe315db82c","observation_id":"a705eff2-18c3-498b-9790-8bbc38eb4206","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.544144Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.10084","last_updated":"2019-08-27T08:50:17Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T05:02:11.716316Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-27T08:50:17Z","title":"Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1908.10084","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.549190Z","title":"Sentence-bert: Sentence embeddings using siamese bert- networks","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.18560","last_updated":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T19:01:25.764632Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","title":"Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages","version":1},"reference_index":25,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.549190Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1908.10084","citing_paper":"/paper/2504.18560"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4011ede41f53fc464a3bd8121b7be4db05cb82bd6f405dacfe5fa873cbf541e9","observation_id":"b42844ca-4c49-4e0a-9cc2-e3fd55101a1c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.549190Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2004.13637","last_updated":"2020-04-30T15:36:52Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T21:14:41.571799Z","submitted_at":"2020-04-28T16:33:25Z","title":"Recipes for building an open-domain chatbot","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2004.13637","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.554275Z","title":"Recipes for building an open-domain chatbot","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2004},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.18560","last_updated":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T19:01:25.764632Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","title":"Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages","version":1},"reference_index":26,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.554275Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2004.13637","citing_paper":"/paper/2504.18560"},"observation_digest":"sha256:3e51aada6592c37e877d83c5a60a570d1476b1b20869b41aa5c4b443cd95d68e","observation_id":"cd25b8ed-64cd-4f6e-b77b-65792c2dc842","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.554275Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2407.03536","last_updated":"2024-12-13T10:55:37Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T13:37:13.828684Z","submitted_at":"2024-07-03T22:45:36Z","title":"Social Bias in Large Language Models For Bangla: An Empirical Study on Gender and Religious Bias","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2407.03536","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.559687Z","title":"Social bias in large language models for Bangla: An empirical study on gender and religious bias.arXiv preprint arXiv:2407.03536, 2024","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.18560","last_updated":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T19:01:25.764632Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","title":"Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages","version":1},"reference_index":27,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.559687Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2407.03536","citing_paper":"/paper/2504.18560"},"observation_digest":"sha256:76aec6ebd5fe8c67d4cf9ba84dc1b3d84bf85950d5a3eee7efad64ff0d15a1de","observation_id":"de492ba3-03eb-4abe-8d36-2d2bb8011c90","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.559687Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.565191Z","title":"Term-weighting approaches in automatic text retrieval","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1988},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.18560","last_updated":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T19:01:25.764632Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","title":"Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages","version":1},"reference_index":28,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.565191Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2504.18560"},"observation_digest":"sha256:559aec91642144fec0dab602b9c257464986eaec6940c700f652051baa03fb8f","observation_id":"95cbbec7-d431-463e-a282-ed5521f385fd","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.565191Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2407.12872","last_updated":"2024-07-15T12:15:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T13:34:11.460741Z","submitted_at":"2024-07-15T12:15:08Z","title":"Evaluating Large Language Models with fmeval","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2407.12872","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.570456Z","title":"Evaluating large language models with fmeval.arXiv preprint arXiv:2407.12872, 2024","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.18560","last_updated":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T19:01:25.764632Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","title":"Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages","version":1},"reference_index":29,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.570456Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2407.12872","citing_paper":"/paper/2504.18560"},"observation_digest":"sha256:33334f8a4bd70d38a341aa1f71cf7414c03aae3cfdb1a58554a869aa8929d41c","observation_id":"59b48fc7-4581-4cac-aa63-c1fc8ea4795e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.570456Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.977678Z","title":"The woman worked as a babysitter: On biases in language generation","venue":null,"work_id":"4bf14ac6-f109-48e9-af73-de3c494ecba9","year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.18560","last_updated":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T19:01:25.764632Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","title":"Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages","version":1},"reference_index":30,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.575355Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2504.18560"},"observation_digest":"sha256:da3d0109df0cff66381ed5782ded8017b13b65cf5562c51763b4c3fc18b94f6a","observation_id":"f2cd8c3b-d325-45d5-95ec-0797c1815ec7","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.983821Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2206.04615","last_updated":"2023-06-12T17:51:15Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T13:19:12.109592Z","submitted_at":"2022-06-09T17:05:34Z","title":"Beyond the Imitation Game: Quantifying and extrapolating the capabilities of language models","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2206.04615","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.580058Z","title":"Beyond the imitation game: Quantifying and extrapolating the capabilities of language models","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.18560","last_updated":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T19:01:25.764632Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","title":"Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages","version":1},"reference_index":31,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.580058Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2206.04615","citing_paper":"/paper/2504.18560"},"observation_digest":"sha256:7d1cffe75eae8f15394f635a13b8b3bd7a22dbc74c3dbdc164caf7d81fee1918","observation_id":"cfef801d-ecba-40e6-8d41-14c9e4264aed","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.580058Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.960879Z","title":"The artificial intelligence act, 2024","venue":null,"work_id":"8c3f0406-73a1-47c4-a60c-cb1a6853e8a4","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.18560","last_updated":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T19:01:25.764632Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","title":"Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages","version":1},"reference_index":32,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.585074Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2504.18560"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e96ca663f7f1976ca3b18cb2db72c0ac9454ee4f633a57b35458a6350bd59cbe","observation_id":"7b494b32-eb4c-4ded-ab43-b24a691fdb4a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.966316Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.589904Z","title":"Attention is all you need.Advances in neural information processing systems, 30, 2017","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2017},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.18560","last_updated":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T19:01:25.764632Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","title":"Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages","version":1},"reference_index":33,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.589904Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2504.18560"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f3b47844f041f20c58fda339633cfeb8494aed5dce079c71abc27f341d69a29b","observation_id":"0abf34d2-65d2-4521-924f-ddebac1435bd","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.589904Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.931665Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"06bef129-43d3-4901-9b69-bf66f74c8eae","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.18560","last_updated":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T19:01:25.764632Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","title":"Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages","version":1},"reference_index":34,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.594473Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2504.18560"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d740d344ae5af86f3391b252fcb9c4a300841181ac6c642b229dae247105ad48","observation_id":"9b01a097-e17c-4174-a55f-46708cb2257c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.938925Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2112.04359","last_updated":"2021-12-08T16:09:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T15:17:43.394064Z","submitted_at":"2021-12-08T16:09:48Z","title":"Ethical and social risks of harm from Language Models","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2112.04359","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.604361Z","title":"Ethical and social risks of harm from language models","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.18560","last_updated":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T19:01:25.764632Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","title":"Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages","version":1},"reference_index":36,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.604361Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2112.04359","citing_paper":"/paper/2504.18560"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a77935de2540fdc509a4714f6ebfff363214aa369676b89412cdfcd474bb185e","observation_id":"bdd4a66b-6bcc-429a-923c-4c5c1cde6ba7","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.604361Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.915384Z","title":"{sentence}","venue":null,"work_id":"ae38b4ea-db52-480d-a9af-cac015c5081b","year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.18560","last_updated":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T19:01:25.764632Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","title":"Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages","version":1},"reference_index":37,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.609144Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2504.18560"},"observation_digest":"sha256:5ea627caed673c9671b482c65b8956078e37c46e2e12c62380c3c8a6d66a9de6","observation_id":"f6e87369-7eb1-48e8-815c-40bd32249e17","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:54:28.920254Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"malformed_identifier"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}}],"paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.18560","last_updated":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","latest_version":1,"primary_category":"cs.CL","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T19:01:25.764632Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-19T16:18:22Z","title":"Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages"},"reference_resolution":{"displayed":35,"state_counts":{"malformed_identifier":1,"metadata_mismatch":0,"parse_uncertain":0,"unresolved":21,"verified_exact":1,"verified_fuzzy":12},"total_outbound_references":35},"refusal":"A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.","schema":"pith.paper-citation-record.v1","standing_sources":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"thesis":"As of 17 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 35 of 35 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2504.18560."}