{"as_of":"2026-08-09T20:51:00Z","caps":{"database_statements":6,"inbound":100,"outbound":100},"context_digest":"sha256:af9de17cc61690bec2dd514e0f92a9b519c963581b682d05fa97e9122e6c816a","coverage":[{"denominator":23,"lane":"reference_resolution","note":"Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.","records_observed":23,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:31.875888Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":25,"lane":"standing_notices","note":"One-hop event checks from named stored sources.","records_observed":25,"source":"scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache","source_observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00","state":"measured"},{"denominator":2,"lane":"inbound_itemization","note":"Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.","records_observed":2,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T22:50:33.394514Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":1,"lane":"external_citation_measurements","note":"A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.","records_observed":0,"source":"arxiv_reference","source_observed_at":"2026-05-20T07:58:07.705145Z","state":"measured"}],"external_citation_measurements":[],"inbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2505.18425","last_updated":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:19:05.595518Z","submitted_at":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","title":"Advertising in AI systems: Society must be vigilant","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2505.18425","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T22:50:33.394514Z","title":"Advertising in ai systems: Society must be vigilant","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2502.09053","last_updated":"2025-08-05T02:23:31Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T10:12:47.586452Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-13T08:08:27Z","title":"Game Theory Meets Large Language Models: A Systematic Survey with Taxonomy and New Frontiers","version":2},"reference_index":209,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T22:50:33.394514Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2505.18425","citing_paper":"/paper/2502.09053"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a6b499a300d17e7b88392a7b967443e2ad1f947f941743b39ecdb8bf8de20860","observation_id":"27c06f91-9dbc-4222-9284-b88c8f64c3c3","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T22:50:33.394514Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2505.18425","last_updated":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:19:05.595518Z","submitted_at":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","title":"Advertising in AI systems: Society must be vigilant","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2505.18425","doi":null,"metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2505.18425","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-05T21:23:00.469572Z","title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.18425 , year=","venue":null,"work_id":"8afa437f-72b6-45d4-8781-48362224ded9","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.18673","last_updated":"2026-05-18T17:15:06Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T16:27:49.378967Z","submitted_at":"2026-05-18T17:15:06Z","title":"Generative AI Advertising as a Problem of Trustworthy Commercial Intervention","version":1},"reference_index":73,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-05-20T07:56:13.270387Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2505.18425","citing_paper":"/paper/2605.18673"},"observation_digest":"sha256:346bc7ffa517c15ec3c0d261d33b29b3708f0aaf83240e575af11d35369d555b","observation_id":"2e91adc4-9424-427c-a140-add1063c62fd","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-20T07:58:07.707105Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:30:57.326959+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}}],"links":{"evidence":"/evidence","html":"/paper/2505.18425/citation-record","integrity":"/paper/2505.18425/integrity","json":"/paper/2505.18425/citation-record.json","paper":"/paper/2505.18425"},"outbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2307.10522","last_updated":"2023-07-20T01:48:51Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T01:10:28.509123Z","submitted_at":"2023-07-20T01:48:51Z","title":"Gender-tuning: Empowering Fine-tuning for Debiasing Pre-trained Language Models","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2307.10522","doi":null,"metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"2307.10522","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:32.072688Z","title":"Gender-tuning: Empowering Fine-tuning for Debiasing Pre-trained Language Models","venue":"cs.CL","work_id":"22a9206d-2405-4560-96b2-106a0fa0b1b3","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2505.18425","last_updated":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:19:05.595518Z","submitted_at":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","title":"Advertising in AI systems: Society must be vigilant","version":1},"reference_index":4,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:29.821296Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2307.10522","citing_paper":"/paper/2505.18425"},"observation_digest":"sha256:799eb13807b6c132ed3f2f4e76f5e47d58f29391211a7267f1720f5d7d97e534","observation_id":"6fc46d76-d8aa-4da9-8a2e-42047ceae091","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:32.078199Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:30:57.326959+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:32.215670Z","title":"The ad wars: retrospective measurement and analysis of anti- adblock filter lists","venue":null,"work_id":"3bb2e1ff-ab65-4bed-90a5-51f8a98fac9e","year":2017},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2505.18425","last_updated":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:19:05.595518Z","submitted_at":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","title":"Advertising in AI systems: Society must be vigilant","version":1},"reference_index":9,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:30.365940Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2505.18425"},"observation_digest":"sha256:79a4be04dd58c298cf5f85491efc5ff6f8262fb74b2fda61a24b6aeb9b4292c5","observation_id":"d965c8bf-0cc3-4209-ac1d-f0f41e6fbe02","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:32.220024Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:30:57.326959+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2503.00725","last_updated":"2025-03-02T04:36:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T08:38:15.841599Z","submitted_at":"2025-03-02T04:36:27Z","title":"Causal Inference on Outcomes Learned from Text","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2503.00725","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:30.737587Z","title":"Causal inference on outcomes learned from text.arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.00725,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2505.18425","last_updated":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:19:05.595518Z","submitted_at":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","title":"Advertising in AI systems: Society must be vigilant","version":1},"reference_index":12,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:30.737587Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2503.00725","citing_paper":"/paper/2505.18425"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f45e772ef39b502540e242337e77baa6ade0b812e3a33a8d477f6b92dc52f6de","observation_id":"976dcfdd-9213-4fd3-8c10-51734f8d5635","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:30.737587Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:32.204423Z","title":"Supporting human-AI collabo- ration in auditing LLMs with LLMs","venue":null,"work_id":"08f05331-d212-4198-ba16-1d616bbec27c","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2505.18425","last_updated":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:19:05.595518Z","submitted_at":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","title":"Advertising in AI systems: Society must be vigilant","version":1},"reference_index":13,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:30.877145Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2505.18425"},"observation_digest":"sha256:df0066d433ea54791934a762b4aea7a0bad606fda44b09d556c2d772a408d35c","observation_id":"94c10fd7-593a-4857-816f-c89c7a4066f5","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:32.208304Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:30:57.326959+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2004.07667","last_updated":"2020-04-28T21:09:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:18:15.215117Z","submitted_at":"2020-04-16T14:02:50Z","title":"Null It Out: Guarding Protected Attributes by Iterative Nullspace Projection","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2004.07667","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:31.017172Z","title":"Null it out: Guarding protected attributes by iterative nullspace projection.arXiv preprint arXiv:2004.07667,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2004},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2505.18425","last_updated":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:19:05.595518Z","submitted_at":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","title":"Advertising in AI systems: Society must be vigilant","version":1},"reference_index":14,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:31.017172Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2004.07667","citing_paper":"/paper/2505.18425"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2d92db2fec5c6921dbc8c1c5a00c99a8f6e325d51fe07aa3bbb030fe908c339f","observation_id":"d65ee7e5-6cfa-4415-9ae6-f44110e96a28","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:31.017172Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:32.191802Z","title":"A reproducibility and generaliz- ability study of large language models for query generation","venue":null,"work_id":"82dd4a36-bb06-496a-9243-f4d362a0c8c1","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2505.18425","last_updated":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:19:05.595518Z","submitted_at":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","title":"Advertising in AI systems: Society must be vigilant","version":1},"reference_index":17,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:31.361087Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2505.18425"},"observation_digest":"sha256:768ec85e968515302ecf3e53ee6eb0c7f07dbe9f979895a3aa4b7c94acb123f6","observation_id":"ede612ff-92bc-4706-8309-3eeff42f2e05","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:32.196847Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:30:57.326959+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2312.11805","last_updated":"2025-05-09T21:04:06Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T02:11:23.670680Z","submitted_at":"2023-12-19T02:39:27Z","title":"Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models","version":5},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2312.11805","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:31.404367Z","title":"M., Hauth, A., Millican, K., et al","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2505.18425","last_updated":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:19:05.595518Z","submitted_at":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","title":"Advertising in AI systems: Society must be vigilant","version":1},"reference_index":18,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:31.404367Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2312.11805","citing_paper":"/paper/2505.18425"},"observation_digest":"sha256:929561559e1ed4323fa9306c6bfb671c9c9cae7cf695f5488e4350954f14c456","observation_id":"6c38cbf3-2ff2-420e-b9f2-de541f93c489","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:31.404367Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2010.06032","last_updated":"2021-03-02T21:04:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T11:53:53.098944Z","submitted_at":"2020-10-12T21:15:29Z","title":"Measuring and Reducing Gendered Correlations in Pre-trained Models","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2010.06032","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:31.603060Z","title":"Measuring and reducing gendered correlations in pre-trained models.arXiv preprint arXiv:2010.06032,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2010},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2505.18425","last_updated":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:19:05.595518Z","submitted_at":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","title":"Advertising in AI systems: Society must be vigilant","version":1},"reference_index":20,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:31.603060Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2010.06032","citing_paper":"/paper/2505.18425"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a71b20e9ca4f38d0578227f4c3b02960821b8d579494a4d6b730c29c95cb14a7","observation_id":"0f165937-d155-42e6-a762-c1d75940fb27","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:31.603060Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:32.180149Z","title":"A survey on real time bidding advertising","venue":null,"work_id":"47446aa1-cced-4de3-bdc6-0b5f63ba8179","year":2014},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2505.18425","last_updated":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:19:05.595518Z","submitted_at":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","title":"Advertising in AI systems: Society must be vigilant","version":1},"reference_index":22,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:31.795591Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2505.18425"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9ce02a4c77e7cc383b065cf5a343dace2155f52a9c8957d6f52d126140b2413a","observation_id":"173e8c07-0e7e-4fe0-97ef-c9b779b8d245","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:32.184127Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:30:57.326959+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1705.00648","last_updated":"2017-05-01T18:20:47Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T05:40:07.126075Z","submitted_at":"2017-05-01T18:20:47Z","title":"\"Liar, Liar Pants on Fire\": A New Benchmark Dataset for Fake News Detection","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1705.00648","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:31.494579Z","title":"liar, liar pants on fire","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2505.18425","last_updated":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:19:05.595518Z","submitted_at":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","title":"Advertising in AI systems: Society must be vigilant","version":1},"reference_index":2003,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:31.494579Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1705.00648","citing_paper":"/paper/2505.18425"},"observation_digest":"sha256:128b976715228db47da30455edd8705cee3f1fdb2421670628a24c00e5f09f0e","observation_id":"838799c2-1183-4f5f-8c79-18c100a624f0","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:31.494579Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2210.09150","last_updated":"2023-02-15T02:24:43Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:34:01.273352Z","submitted_at":"2022-10-17T14:52:39Z","title":"Prompting GPT-3 To Be Reliable","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2210.09150","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:31.134018Z","title":"Prompting gpt-3 to be reliable.arXiv preprint arXiv:2210.09150,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2505.18425","last_updated":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:19:05.595518Z","submitted_at":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","title":"Advertising in AI systems: Society must be vigilant","version":1},"reference_index":2008,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:31.134018Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2210.09150","citing_paper":"/paper/2505.18425"},"observation_digest":"sha256:0af892a1481f2959d46bf74d06d689379d52868419fbf719d3a5b6d9157194e3","observation_id":"6584fbb1-7223-44f4-93b2-ae25161c6867","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:31.134018Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2407.21783","last_updated":"2024-11-23T23:27:33Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T18:55:11.576666Z","submitted_at":"2024-07-31T17:54:27Z","title":"The Llama 3 Herd of Models","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2407.21783","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:29.946146Z","title":"The llama 3 herd of models.arXiv preprint arXiv:2407.21783,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2505.18425","last_updated":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:19:05.595518Z","submitted_at":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","title":"Advertising in AI systems: Society must be vigilant","version":1},"reference_index":2011,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:29.946146Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2407.21783","citing_paper":"/paper/2505.18425"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1206847986e6a6fc9ad1f00c0847dcfbada36235a3e7ee60a8f5e8dfd47d8355","observation_id":"56edabd4-3aea-40ab-87a5-14e7877d8a54","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:29.946146Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.07787","last_updated":"2025-04-10T14:23:06Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T16:06:50.458789Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-10T14:23:06Z","title":"Fairness Mediator: Neutralize Stereotype Associations to Mitigate Bias in Large Language Models","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2504.07787","doi":null,"metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"2504.07787","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:31.917870Z","title":"Fairness Mediator: Neutralize Stereotype Associations to Mitigate Bias in Large Language Models","venue":"cs.SE","work_id":"1233c868-d250-4b64-aa24-417a0a02e62c","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2505.18425","last_updated":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:19:05.595518Z","submitted_at":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","title":"Advertising in AI systems: Society must be vigilant","version":1},"reference_index":2012,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:31.786062Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2504.07787","citing_paper":"/paper/2505.18425"},"observation_digest":"sha256:28e5c100b332379324996a0242b51bf6710bfa18e84ced49a92dd1a63ee19b2b","observation_id":"8e0a16da-9439-4038-ac0b-b80376daf8cc","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:31.924745Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:30:57.326959+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2409.12917","last_updated":"2024-10-04T17:28:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T02:11:23.670680Z","submitted_at":"2024-09-19T17:16:21Z","title":"Training Language Models to Self-Correct via Reinforcement Learning","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2409.12917","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:30.497064Z","title":"D., Singh, A., Baumli, K., Iqbal, S., Bishop, C., Roelofs, R., et al","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2505.18425","last_updated":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:19:05.595518Z","submitted_at":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","title":"Advertising in AI systems: Society must be vigilant","version":1},"reference_index":2013,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:30.497064Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2409.12917","citing_paper":"/paper/2505.18425"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c0fb611552274c67f9d802bab84e06fe61c4bf4843d4075cf501563e34aeff44","observation_id":"10b64acc-01e2-48b6-84c1-ec0e6da92c78","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:30.497064Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2502.12292","last_updated":"2025-03-12T15:58:01Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T18:11:02.479854Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-17T20:01:08Z","title":"Independence Tests for Language Models","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2502.12292","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:31.875888Z","title":"Independence tests for language models.arXiv preprint arXiv:2502.12292,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2505.18425","last_updated":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:19:05.595518Z","submitted_at":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","title":"Advertising in AI systems: Society must be vigilant","version":1},"reference_index":2014,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:31.875888Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2502.12292","citing_paper":"/paper/2505.18425"},"observation_digest":"sha256:19a841b83d2846616ad993963194f25aa478174e2dddbeccac3b86318b89b337","observation_id":"edfa9788-310b-46fa-b947-f5846253b170","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:31.875888Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:32.227873Z","title":"Mechanism design for large language models","venue":null,"work_id":"afbcd5fb-163b-4687-ab3f-4a8c3d9c1dec","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2505.18425","last_updated":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:19:05.595518Z","submitted_at":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","title":"Advertising in AI systems: Society must be vigilant","version":1},"reference_index":2015,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:29.455580Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2505.18425"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2470f483e72bac494b25b8d313deaee1dc4566bf09f707c4985989f264a081ad","observation_id":"40fdf2b3-a834-419f-96e4-d997323eee1f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:32.231703Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:30:57.326959+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2407.03129","last_updated":"2024-07-03T14:12:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T16:38:25.934270Z","submitted_at":"2024-07-03T14:12:04Z","title":"Social Bias Evaluation for Large Language Models Requires Prompt Variations","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2407.03129","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:30.138329Z","title":"Social bias evaluation for large language models requires prompt variations.arXiv preprint arXiv:2407.03129,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2505.18425","last_updated":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:19:05.595518Z","submitted_at":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","title":"Advertising in AI systems: Society must be vigilant","version":1},"reference_index":2016,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:30.138329Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2407.03129","citing_paper":"/paper/2505.18425"},"observation_digest":"sha256:239b1c5379f5271467ce16aef325dd45a54332bc000c998f7367ebce4199740c","observation_id":"dfa945a4-9ccd-4309-9baa-58332369285b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:30.138329Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2311.07601","last_updated":"2024-09-09T08:56:31Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T16:46:57.403995Z","submitted_at":"2023-11-11T02:13:32Z","title":"Online Advertisements with LLMs: Opportunities and Challenges","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2311.07601","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:29.553430Z","title":"Online advertisements with llms: Opportunities and challenges.ArXiv, abs/2311.07601,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2505.18425","last_updated":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:19:05.595518Z","submitted_at":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","title":"Advertising in AI systems: Society must be vigilant","version":1},"reference_index":2017,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:29.553430Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2311.07601","citing_paper":"/paper/2505.18425"},"observation_digest":"sha256:acc8b2fa6460649eacb56de6dac7bcf54c064aece73a9f98c48f67b6546fe72c","observation_id":"a8a5255b-406a-4fd0-89e7-da36e3010e92","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:29.553430Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:29.687769Z","title":"R., Feng, S., Aron, R., Richardson, T., Choi, Y ., Fisher, D","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2505.18425","last_updated":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:19:05.595518Z","submitted_at":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","title":"Advertising in AI systems: Society must be vigilant","version":1},"reference_index":2019,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:29.687769Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2505.18425"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c83579b42d9b44814ba7b795591a027b4feac2ed4d992a57334f1b73710dc4ed","observation_id":"786b22fd-776f-4931-913e-78a13ebc2ec6","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:29.687769Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2310.18913","last_updated":"2024-05-29T10:22:52Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T21:35:17.378496Z","submitted_at":"2023-10-29T05:50:03Z","title":"Debiasing Algorithm through Model Adaptation","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2310.18913","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:30.611701Z","title":"Debiasing algorithm through model adaptation.arXiv preprint arXiv:2310.18913,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2505.18425","last_updated":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:19:05.595518Z","submitted_at":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","title":"Advertising in AI systems: Society must be vigilant","version":1},"reference_index":2020,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:30.611701Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2310.18913","citing_paper":"/paper/2505.18425"},"observation_digest":"sha256:0c69b33a4c45fd233e2b6129ed68a9b3f21153a38c156bd78683712f56e57144","observation_id":"2db7ff4b-7aa4-4c92-a86e-d25cd6915b7b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:30.611701Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2409.13740","last_updated":"2024-09-26T15:27:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T08:44:06.036202Z","submitted_at":"2024-09-10T16:37:58Z","title":"Language agents achieve superhuman synthesis of scientific knowledge","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2409.13740","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:31.248248Z","title":"D., Cox, S., Laurent, J","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2505.18425","last_updated":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:19:05.595518Z","submitted_at":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","title":"Advertising in AI systems: Society must be vigilant","version":1},"reference_index":2022,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:31.248248Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2409.13740","citing_paper":"/paper/2505.18425"},"observation_digest":"sha256:40333997d814e458214be1988b0317004bdd336e23d0a5ec6c64623201b57e4f","observation_id":"b907c089-5f85-4f0a-9fc0-e27845589e98","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:31.248248Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2410.21276","last_updated":"2024-10-25T17:43:01Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T02:11:23.670680Z","submitted_at":"2024-10-25T17:43:01Z","title":"GPT-4o System Card","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2410.21276","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:30.241407Z","title":"P., Perelman, A., Ramesh, A., Clark, A., Ostrow, A., Welihinda, A., Hayes, A., Radford, A., et al","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2505.18425","last_updated":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:19:05.595518Z","submitted_at":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","title":"Advertising in AI systems: Society must be vigilant","version":1},"reference_index":2023,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:30.241407Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2410.21276","citing_paper":"/paper/2505.18425"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b75e6e13e66dd4d5e3c322774731e1a12c8e087795f05cec7a2d12a15ebe5419","observation_id":"ea84575e-8772-4dc9-b0b4-029f6b7f9938","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:30.241407Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2501.12948","last_updated":"2026-01-04T03:57:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T02:11:23.670680Z","submitted_at":"2025-01-22T15:19:35Z","title":"DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2501.12948","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:30.031236Z","title":"DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing reasoning capability in LLMs via reinforcement learning.arXiv preprint arXiv:2501.12948,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2505.18425","last_updated":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:19:05.595518Z","submitted_at":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","title":"Advertising in AI systems: Society must be vigilant","version":1},"reference_index":2024,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:30.031236Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2501.12948","citing_paper":"/paper/2505.18425"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2b2a22dc9bcce7d917f43fa183547c39c483362165c73fbfd84dcc3df35f6787","observation_id":"6bb5f731-dae8-4b05-b2ce-87b99f939a8d","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:34:30.031236Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}}],"paper":{"arxiv_id":"2505.18425","last_updated":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","latest_version":1,"primary_category":"cs.AI","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:19:05.595518Z","submitted_at":"2025-05-23T23:29:12Z","title":"Advertising in AI systems: Society must be vigilant"},"reference_resolution":{"displayed":23,"state_counts":{"malformed_identifier":0,"metadata_mismatch":0,"parse_uncertain":0,"unresolved":16,"verified_exact":2,"verified_fuzzy":5},"total_outbound_references":23},"refusal":"A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.","schema":"pith.paper-citation-record.v1","standing_sources":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:30:57.326959+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"thesis":"As of 9 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 23 of 23 outbound references and 2 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.18425."}