{"as_of":"2026-08-07T12:41:00Z","caps":{"database_statements":6,"inbound":100,"outbound":100},"context_digest":"sha256:8bd13696b62727fa123dcb7eb691d718592f6a47368037c4796f649915c4cd41","coverage":[{"denominator":65,"lane":"reference_resolution","note":"Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.","records_observed":65,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:46.982482Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":69,"lane":"standing_notices","note":"One-hop event checks from named stored sources.","records_observed":69,"source":"scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","state":"measured"},{"denominator":4,"lane":"inbound_itemization","note":"Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.","records_observed":4,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-08-02T16:34:02.876332Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":1,"lane":"external_citation_measurements","note":"A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.","records_observed":0,"source":"arxiv_reference","source_observed_at":"2026-05-21T06:03:59.216693Z","state":"measured"}],"external_citation_measurements":[],"inbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","doi":null,"metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2506.09890","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-05T21:23:00.469572Z","title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.09890 , year=","venue":null,"work_id":"bfee3d0d-04e0-4e6c-ad99-1dad0316ef46","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2604.08881","last_updated":"2026-07-30T10:00:35Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T23:16:51.942005Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-10T02:42:52Z","title":"Targeted Interpretable Safety Neuron Enhancement for Multilingual Vision-Language Large Models","version":1},"reference_index":4,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T18:12:34.909229Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2506.09890","citing_paper":"/paper/2604.08881"},"observation_digest":"sha256:8e9a214c8b3647cb8091820d390325e01afaafad77e87c7f8e60a81868c3a5bd","observation_id":"d1dce953-bb5e-46cd-8811-ddcae6deca3f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-11T05:20:57.990278Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:11.927384+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2506.09890","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T16:34:02.876332Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2604.08881","last_updated":"2026-07-30T10:00:35Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T23:16:51.942005Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-10T02:42:52Z","title":"Targeted Interpretable Safety Neuron Enhancement for Multilingual Vision-Language Large Models","version":2},"reference_index":4,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-02T16:34:02.876332Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2506.09890","citing_paper":"/paper/2604.08881"},"observation_digest":"sha256:26c69191fe9568e2a71f7946094ec9a7078ffa21869d380c06a58c02115bc24f","observation_id":"aa6b0c99-a59d-4220-bb3e-e69a818024a0","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-02T16:34:02.876332Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","doi":null,"metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2506.09890","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-05T21:23:00.469572Z","title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.09890 , year=","venue":null,"work_id":"bfee3d0d-04e0-4e6c-ad99-1dad0316ef46","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.21303","last_updated":"2026-05-20T15:33:14Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T10:53:09.236532Z","submitted_at":"2026-05-20T15:33:14Z","title":"From Circuit Evidence to Mechanistic Theory: An Inductive Logic Approach","version":1},"reference_index":42,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-05-21T06:01:36.610373Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2506.09890","citing_paper":"/paper/2605.21303"},"observation_digest":"sha256:96d88a43d24108d1c3d30de9c7f2239c1e6ae072a61dcd71e8ad64c9f9504333","observation_id":"f3ea5149-640b-4a85-a039-2449e790a0a0","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-21T06:03:59.218559Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:11.927384+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2506.09890","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-31T23:07:40.584497Z","title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.09890 , year=","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.27917","last_updated":"2026-07-30T09:30:03Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T23:46:33.935624Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-30T09:30:03Z","title":"One Anchor for All: Unified Multilingual and Multimodal Safety Alignment for LVLMs","version":1},"reference_index":42,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-07-31T23:07:40.584497Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2506.09890","citing_paper":"/paper/2607.27917"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1ad00bf9c86521352ff2df15940199e4e081a492a46d12ddf0d6c27e6eeabbb0","observation_id":"9b14b217-0af7-4e06-94ec-d57e4102de52","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-07-31T23:07:40.584497Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}}],"links":{"evidence":"/evidence","html":"/paper/2506.09890/citation-record","integrity":"/paper/2506.09890/integrity","json":"/paper/2506.09890/citation-record.json","paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"outbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:35.599799Z","title":"URL: \" 'urlintro :=","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":1,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:35.599799Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b19472eac429f280860b318926f902049f495bd96944c4aa22914722f3fb36a8","observation_id":"8f593fba-aa57-41c3-bbc3-eb7d29d5be50","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:35.599799Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:37.725344Z","title":"write newline","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":2,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:37.725344Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:90142377c1d3269ff34d840ec52a3ee94038dfda08dbac2c62f73b1db5bff07e","observation_id":"1b9eee30-327b-4e88-87b3-dea1483cee18","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:37.725344Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:53.231659Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"4dfa5207-1139-4f05-932b-5279db9e8997","year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":3,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:37.903507Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:bef666879c44a43f77cd09cab0bf6bbd571d8531322414a00996533ad172359e","observation_id":"e029a5d8-ebfa-4092-bbfd-c16d1f6f45d9","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:53.368357Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:11.927384+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2407.09879","last_updated":"2025-06-18T19:19:17Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T18:45:52.286287Z","submitted_at":"2024-07-13T13:03:45Z","title":"sPhinX: Sample Efficient Multilingual Instruction Fine-Tuning Through N-shot Guided Prompting","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2407.09879","doi":null,"metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"2407.09879","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:49.142015Z","title":"sPhinX: Sample Efficient Multilingual Instruction Fine-Tuning Through N-shot Guided Prompting","venue":"cs.CL","work_id":"52d3dba2-b187-4461-bcce-08f61bd95c9e","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":4,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:38.064927Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2407.09879","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:5ddb3aa0b22870da4041bff3609884091261c66fc69daa43c8011d50d9d8060c","observation_id":"9e3f0367-0bbc-450a-ae1f-5d903a2299a2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:49.300020Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:11.927384+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2309.16609","last_updated":"2023-09-28T17:07:49Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T02:11:23.670680Z","submitted_at":"2023-09-28T17:07:49Z","title":"Qwen Technical Report","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2309.16609","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:38.403956Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":5,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:38.403956Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2309.16609","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:7df61ecf293b9639a4d9117a53f3472b3a257f03308d8dd78f8ffea08e278ca0","observation_id":"a6b1ea66-efd1-4ae4-95eb-4f8be2c0c065","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:38.403956Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2501.06346","last_updated":"2025-05-23T13:42:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T20:19:30.457335Z","submitted_at":"2025-01-10T21:18:21Z","title":"Large Language Models Share Representations of Latent Grammatical Concepts Across Typologically Diverse Languages","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2501.06346","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:38.559062Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":6,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:38.559062Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2501.06346","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d09620762a948128659aeb9195c0db540d6c41022bf1c826c5ec98282fb0ad36","observation_id":"e6165b07-a4d8-48ef-87da-5325b538fde3","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:38.559062Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2305.12281","last_updated":"2023-05-20T21:15:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T15:30:05.820261Z","submitted_at":"2023-05-20T21:15:19Z","title":"Lifelong Language Pretraining with Distribution-Specialized Experts","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2305.12281","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:38.767880Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":7,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:38.767880Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2305.12281","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:770f107b12796430301e4c92407a5eee406cd65f3be80c7e4147242c77c18b9a","observation_id":"91c9e8fe-73fd-4b55-a100-d5820bc6db2f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:38.767880Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2110.14168","last_updated":"2021-11-18T00:23:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T01:45:38.840969Z","submitted_at":"2021-10-27T04:49:45Z","title":"Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2110.14168","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:38.906931Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":8,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:38.906931Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2110.14168","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:967aa1b50535f3f7ea35895d1cec97e092a2f2d85f330383f065a54a00dcf37e","observation_id":"b4f8637f-a8db-4955-a4df-8dff148e7e3e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:38.906931Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:39.104560Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":9,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:39.104560Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:703249f03f281637f103384f265616a34da465fd9981537b46b88bd9d9d8870c","observation_id":"f99972fe-15e7-462a-9bdb-121df9b6c1f8","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:39.104560Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2304.08177","last_updated":"2024-02-23T02:22:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T18:22:59.526297Z","submitted_at":"2023-04-17T11:39:53Z","title":"Efficient and Effective Text Encoding for Chinese LLaMA and Alpaca","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2304.08177","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:39.177349Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":10,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:39.177349Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2304.08177","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:49e40efa95f847c12f4e836449d7fb6ac9343a98554910cf8baa59dea9cafbac","observation_id":"3e3f649e-ff2e-4983-9ff4-e1fa9693ac18","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:39.177349Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1810.04805","last_updated":"2019-05-24T20:37:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-30T09:12:38.100527Z","submitted_at":"2018-10-11T00:50:01Z","title":"BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1810.04805","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:39.349020Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":11,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:39.349020Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1810.04805","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:0587ce94cc26c6256a5b583a2250db3bee687e1a66bee8b28f7caab0f995adb8","observation_id":"90fcbd11-ae4e-4e91-ba5b-409cf5c393b9","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:39.349020Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:52.924783Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"e8e99afe-a441-43ed-ac1e-5d057ce9988a","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":12,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:39.481471Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ecf6e3748d07e158fe5c0935b74dc4b0ae331a1880dae0f197df0b871864722e","observation_id":"1ae16200-8f57-4cb9-953f-35b6b46203f6","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:53.070447Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:11.927384+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2308.01223","last_updated":"2023-08-02T15:29:22Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T12:25:16.828268Z","submitted_at":"2023-08-02T15:29:22Z","title":"Do Multilingual Language Models Think Better in English?","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2308.01223","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:39.618788Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":13,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:39.618788Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2308.01223","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:78e678f80af62caf0efeb392991f030e9cf9927187f0fd6cb97c38392ba4a23c","observation_id":"b216d55c-d151-4a02-a9d4-e2078f5c1b73","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:39.618788Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2410.14387","last_updated":"2025-06-10T12:04:44Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T19:35:57.222956Z","submitted_at":"2024-10-18T11:39:34Z","title":"How Do Multilingual Language Models Remember Facts?","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2410.14387","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:39.786467Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":14,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:39.786467Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2410.14387","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:87fed200e1b5be7e6dbca807e8d62e9180faac65d3ebc6bcf10b156686393c8c","observation_id":"d4a03660-9998-49dd-998f-e4d52998ec58","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:39.786467Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:52.561473Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"c2565b39-841e-4f7d-a895-830110373e62","year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":15,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:39.931231Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:07210607918f066d89868a2b1ce5eb0b0aafdfe99a5e22b6523e488af18b7d4a","observation_id":"f9414051-072b-4df9-ac46-daa95bad177d","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:52.740997Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:11.927384+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2404.17790","last_updated":"2024-04-27T06:07:55Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T18:06:24.289614Z","submitted_at":"2024-04-27T06:07:55Z","title":"Continual Pre-Training for Cross-Lingual LLM Adaptation: Enhancing Japanese Language Capabilities","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2404.17790","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:40.113345Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":16,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:40.113345Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2404.17790","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:18ad2378bb300cf4c6fc165fa8707a86329396469d3792c0e55da7e597be45d4","observation_id":"ebdb6e84-578f-474d-8c7a-c138d1c03c9e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:40.113345Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2403.08295","last_updated":"2024-04-16T12:52:47Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:29:01.959523Z","submitted_at":"2024-03-13T06:59:16Z","title":"Gemma: Open Models Based on Gemini Research and Technology","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2403.08295","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:40.435878Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":18,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:40.435878Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2403.08295","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4b4af79bdedf4e04e538e6a06cd73d8336b48402aa6d428cf762e20e93bd8ac5","observation_id":"9d28c68e-958d-4f9d-8b06-f706f42b5390","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:40.435878Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2408.00118","last_updated":"2024-10-02T15:22:49Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T16:20:09.773989Z","submitted_at":"2024-07-31T19:13:07Z","title":"Gemma 2: Improving Open Language Models at a Practical Size","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2408.00118","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:40.528839Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":19,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:40.528839Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2408.00118","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:57400cd62c4e586709d0b8614c775f8611e527e90fbf2adf73683713f2444f66","observation_id":"bf69b61f-bf91-4139-ab2a-52b3f101a03a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:40.528839Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2407.21783","last_updated":"2024-11-23T23:27:33Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T18:55:11.576666Z","submitted_at":"2024-07-31T17:54:27Z","title":"The Llama 3 Herd of Models","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2407.21783","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:40.606702Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":20,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:40.606702Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2407.21783","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:6ba2cd114702e3b5273c399427c6df91ee41da7feed55d4ed93cdc1f50ae312c","observation_id":"08ee8319-48fa-4a34-b417-6797fc895300","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:40.606702Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:52.254063Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"fc7f6eb0-1cd7-4dfe-a4a1-4b1cfcf1d087","year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":21,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:40.695039Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:eeaf636dde59246886f3f48d1eca08170b04b81f4d051121dd45dccac50edb2f","observation_id":"6a55ba5d-a05a-4633-ab6f-2c15a2432912","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:52.395367Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:11.927384+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2109.06050","last_updated":"2021-12-21T09:03:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T11:47:13.744987Z","submitted_at":"2021-09-13T15:20:06Z","title":"Few-Shot Cross-Lingual Stance Detection with Sentiment-Based Pre-Training","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2109.06050","doi":null,"metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"2109.06050","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:48.673121Z","title":"Few-Shot Cross-Lingual Stance Detection with Sentiment-Based Pre-Training","venue":"cs.CL","work_id":"6c2e2588-bb9a-417f-adbf-b0db1df43125","year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":22,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:40.810452Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2109.06050","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d2cc7e45f73a753ddcc2577c8455fe6ef2c105f07cd5da4bcb3fed883ab1846a","observation_id":"74b85daf-1914-464d-9e7f-266bc2f8710a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:48.783160Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:11.927384+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2009.03300","last_updated":"2021-01-12T18:57:11Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T02:11:23.670680Z","submitted_at":"2020-09-07T17:59:25Z","title":"Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2009.03300","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:40.887622Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":23,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:40.887622Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2009.03300","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:bf464559635006265d7ad6b057b2d6fe6862c0b3dfae052cd51794b783b9cb0c","observation_id":"8d474aaa-77d9-410a-8123-b269a3450c9a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:40.887622Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2305.07004","last_updated":"2023-10-22T13:43:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T15:26:10.831663Z","submitted_at":"2023-05-11T17:44:17Z","title":"Not All Languages Are Created Equal in LLMs: Improving Multilingual Capability by Cross-Lingual-Thought Prompting","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2305.07004","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:40.947424Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":24,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:40.947424Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2305.07004","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:bfb74cd1ad2940a8d91289a1fc19f374a67d061ac2a8e82560799c032a021643","observation_id":"c2fd1815-6a7a-42f4-a5e4-d2a67973b1df","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:40.947424Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2410.21276","last_updated":"2024-10-25T17:43:01Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T02:11:23.670680Z","submitted_at":"2024-10-25T17:43:01Z","title":"GPT-4o System Card","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2410.21276","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:41.092598Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":25,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:41.092598Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2410.21276","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b0048c34ece8d341ffbb5ff8b8d49fb9555ee5728136c1f9872a457ef61cc4d9","observation_id":"aa43ae31-f905-41bc-9a74-0a8983ef7bc2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:41.092598Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2401.14280","last_updated":"2024-06-23T11:40:20Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T17:20:29.244990Z","submitted_at":"2024-01-25T16:11:41Z","title":"RomanSetu: Efficiently unlocking multilingual capabilities of Large Language Models via Romanization","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2401.14280","doi":null,"metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"2401.14280","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:48.201092Z","title":"RomanSetu: Efficiently unlocking multilingual capabilities of Large Language Models via Romanization","venue":"cs.CL","work_id":"681aa23a-053e-487f-ba95-21f87b724826","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":26,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:41.218602Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2401.14280","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a4dcb5ebf1c421a60edbf7fd4c726bfe63359c102b1288daf33e507a8088fc9e","observation_id":"e1f7330c-f641-45b0-b02c-e419d49d9529","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:48.403596Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:11.927384+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2407.01853","last_updated":"2024-07-01T23:47:09Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T17:06:55.634923Z","submitted_at":"2024-07-01T23:47:09Z","title":"Improving Multilingual Instruction Finetuning via Linguistically Natural and Diverse Datasets","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2407.01853","doi":null,"metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"2407.01853","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:47.816720Z","title":"Improving Multilingual Instruction Finetuning via Linguistically Natural and Diverse Datasets","venue":"cs.CL","work_id":"3db54a0c-9685-4706-b192-ef721e726933","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":27,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:41.313350Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2407.01853","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:cadc10e9769c43e642b62359f5a60859c9ee95cc57cb36e25eff7c0d15c26042","observation_id":"92c0374d-cb50-4676-944c-1f1add30e609","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:48.003267Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:11.927384+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2503.19786","last_updated":"2025-03-25T15:52:34Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T02:11:23.670680Z","submitted_at":"2025-03-25T15:52:34Z","title":"Gemma 3 Technical Report","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2503.19786","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:41.402153Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":28,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:41.402153Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2503.19786","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:297fb8a3adf42a401fc4273ac2ec674877ba8a2213ba88c56226d01ddf228585","observation_id":"50cb3ede-2999-420f-bb11-a3d37b42760e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:41.402153Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:51.963838Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"9acacad0-5c4a-4317-83b7-d775b90355b3","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":29,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:41.537912Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b9146b1c560b714869706cf8042f1e64b41c48225ca4c7b87db2a4cc1c0836a0","observation_id":"617a1c42-7364-4a8a-af14-a5b67c848f6c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:52.081248Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:11.927384+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2404.04042","last_updated":"2024-04-05T11:52:02Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T03:18:34.606716Z","submitted_at":"2024-04-05T11:52:02Z","title":"Teaching Llama a New Language Through Cross-Lingual Knowledge Transfer","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2404.04042","doi":null,"metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"2404.04042","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:47.568802Z","title":"Teaching Llama a New Language Through Cross-Lingual Knowledge Transfer","venue":"cs.CL","work_id":"7f8b8dd9-878e-4832-a51a-603fa2100722","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":30,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:41.643272Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2404.04042","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1af2f6e7f531276ada444f553eab1d0e9e8bea332492e13aa9535b8b4d568f46","observation_id":"16136ff5-6d8f-4086-9eac-4359e7fdb801","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:47.657331Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:11.927384+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2406.02301","last_updated":"2024-07-10T12:45:13Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T21:25:40.714564Z","submitted_at":"2024-06-04T13:30:45Z","title":"mCoT: Multilingual Instruction Tuning for Reasoning Consistency in Language Models","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2406.02301","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:41.770408Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":31,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:41.770408Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2406.02301","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e934c111731e586247fa6485521de10d1eb4ee201d9f773f482d489be6a401b2","observation_id":"d3633041-acff-4125-8265-bd6d2e5276f9","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:41.770408Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2307.16039","last_updated":"2023-08-02T00:39:25Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T18:29:36.809656Z","submitted_at":"2023-07-29T18:01:46Z","title":"Okapi: Instruction-tuned Large Language Models in Multiple Languages with Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2307.16039","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:41.874603Z","title":"Rossi, and Thien Huu Nguyen","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":32,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:41.874603Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2307.16039","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:00a3e0f01f3ced7cb6728ac5332268bd5a7f097ebee79167803dde013d306bde","observation_id":"e19d6b6d-5385-400d-8660-d5b87b42977a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:41.874603Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1901.07291","last_updated":"2019-01-22T13:22:34Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T07:28:11.835900Z","submitted_at":"2019-01-22T13:22:34Z","title":"Cross-lingual Language Model Pretraining","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1901.07291","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:41.983965Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":33,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:41.983965Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1901.07291","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:764eea5a1087ee71f4bc7e41021728da9b629a940bf99ea3abb12c4e3cc11f56","observation_id":"c02b0350-57c7-4b10-a12c-3a357cd4cc41","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:41.983965Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:42.098142Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":34,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:42.098142Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:071e1b71208e80c9e521356d24b524a9327f8a4623d768b65599ae9aaf1de6ca","observation_id":"57dfb773-f141-4f32-ac88-c2289747e66e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:42.098142Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2403.10258","last_updated":"2025-04-21T12:52:49Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T17:45:15.311629Z","submitted_at":"2024-03-15T12:47:39Z","title":"Is Translation All You Need? A Study on Solving Multilingual Tasks with Large Language Models","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2403.10258","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:42.303848Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":36,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:42.303848Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2403.10258","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:732aa33046d3cde5807d96b02a7cf43e6615b8668089b55598c18dd78803b119","observation_id":"441ed0c0-c784-4fff-ac97-d03d3fa90f39","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:42.303848Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2407.03963","last_updated":"2024-12-30T07:46:43Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T18:41:35.995594Z","submitted_at":"2024-07-04T14:33:03Z","title":"LLM-jp: A Cross-organizational Project for the Research and Development of Fully Open Japanese LLMs","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2407.03963","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:42.406372Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":37,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:42.406372Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2407.03963","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:8cf9b705f64a3250b80fdec4578acfce76ef3f05900a00e8b30e26cb9403adb5","observation_id":"9c9b60fc-81fd-4a78-8519-9f905dd57e79","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:42.406372Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2211.01786","last_updated":"2023-05-29T16:40:37Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T03:54:27.439090Z","submitted_at":"2022-11-03T13:19:32Z","title":"Crosslingual Generalization through Multitask Finetuning","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2211.01786","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:42.538532Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":38,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:42.538532Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2211.01786","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d0496e66f4c5725f998f83b74fedcf98192cc73f16b17b546929bd62865c7cb2","observation_id":"ac6c754e-7f41-4d73-830c-69b40b620b9b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:42.538532Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2301.05217","last_updated":"2023-10-19T21:25:32Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T10:20:00.635719Z","submitted_at":"2023-01-12T18:56:49Z","title":"Progress measures for grokking via mechanistic interpretability","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2301.05217","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:42.649011Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":39,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:42.649011Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2301.05217","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1ec7f467570c92a8ac5718a775baf309fe23f5d431dd2222d35031f317dfece2","observation_id":"de71eb8a-269a-4a71-bdb0-a748844b9e2d","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:42.649011Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:51.632659Z","title":"Rossi, and Thien Huu Nguyen","venue":null,"work_id":"25bd6af3-c92a-430e-877d-d636859e88d5","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":40,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:42.726364Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:48a6bb68ab2908a69998583b4a24f269218761e6fe84cd9f8d99a1be5e492f4d","observation_id":"dc8dfb38-e900-490b-8518-5a02ab197be5","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:51.810201Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:11.927384+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:51.323021Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"fb7c44bc-426a-48d5-addd-49d86bc62cfb","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":41,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:42.784571Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:0378a94f277f69da3626452af353e0851458be4d31d8f9f0defd914ab3e16cfc","observation_id":"852e1569-cba5-479a-92b8-00ebdc01ebd8","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:51.462983Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:11.927384+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:42.847701Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":42,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:42.847701Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c9255d2eb0bcbb9ac0e0a2f1663fdf15430736a0b4ec4558c06fffc0ea3f052c","observation_id":"daad69f1-8df1-4233-a361-6e3aac673c5c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:42.847701Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2303.08774","last_updated":"2024-03-04T06:01:33Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T07:30:12.213965Z","submitted_at":"2023-03-15T17:15:04Z","title":"GPT-4 Technical Report","version":6},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2303.08774","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:42.929901Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":43,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:42.929901Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2303.08774","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b5ab08a698982b0131ce9c994a82e88d4f5372ee0b6005cea322620a226acd6e","observation_id":"3210076f-d6f2-4cab-9ade-6a79189da22f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:42.929901Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:50.995884Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"f553eaf9-b4bb-4c55-b0a3-260047c30a97","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":44,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:43.023158Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:31475643053df141e7a41c0c5769a3efbf74a9e83306ac720b8ce80be5443430","observation_id":"2b531e21-2dd6-471c-9cf6-be777edf1928","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:51.144274Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:11.927384+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:43.123562Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":45,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:43.123562Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9e069a8ce08f4fabc4d89612eba4ef79df49db5056fcd9f1330638f7797e1dbc","observation_id":"2be0609e-823c-49af-a49b-908788c5b660","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:43.123562Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:50.689718Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"58db0669-a737-4e99-8e37-8d1d8b23d5e0","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":46,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:43.271341Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:6bd4a2c3e7a0e53625995760a34d3a5975c2e0a2b13da7b7423c62365e6e8fb1","observation_id":"971ddc7d-3fc8-42f1-adb7-d6b0b81c5c6a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:50.847561Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:11.927384+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2502.15603","last_updated":"2025-02-21T17:19:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T08:48:18.971562Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-21T17:19:23Z","title":"Do Multilingual LLMs Think In English?","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2502.15603","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:43.491399Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":48,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:43.491399Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2502.15603","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e6a15d48f6ea84ab285b9151ca27e378ae4a44ab94e3744deba3a11c33e80c4d","observation_id":"fd4df91b-1554-4187-9ee8-39dab632f88b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:43.491399Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:50.248110Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"4e63fe1e-444b-438a-8f7e-26d6935c140b","year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":49,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:43.589097Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:cb4628d686aa803e649bc79b39b497ca695a77f7c84e2d554a8da545f51f4866","observation_id":"8ae4d1fb-0bdc-4c51-816a-63e6e5f0f7c3","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:50.442787Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:11.927384+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:43.728754Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":50,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:43.728754Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:3197e11d07ea4b7cbd2fd0b74f003b60a44540398cd67d5fcae91650df064463","observation_id":"2e8316a9-7e36-4468-a6e0-ca7b604b1165","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:43.728754Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:43.822415Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":51,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:43.822415Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e19d74ba8daf2f5e4a9a6a7c58ac4a3c92bb0717c1b19f8baa483f03b3e306fa","observation_id":"e0048a72-368e-4c2f-aa3a-26dbec130b0c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:43.822415Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2403.05530","last_updated":"2024-12-16T17:39:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T17:41:42.995949Z","submitted_at":"2024-03-08T18:54:20Z","title":"Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of context","version":5},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2403.05530","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:43.967326Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":52,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:43.967326Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2403.05530","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b5a8a9aed1ca65c95ff63005260dc2c180623bedd53970ee167e7983ceeb69a0","observation_id":"dddf1910-9b67-4bc4-adf4-a8186f90124c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:43.967326Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2302.13971","last_updated":"2023-02-27T17:11:15Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T02:11:23.670680Z","submitted_at":"2023-02-27T17:11:15Z","title":"LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2302.13971","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:44.159392Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":53,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:44.159392Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2302.13971","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f398d876382e0e5b32de8b9bd33466f5d0dbc6792fccd981050af475476933ab","observation_id":"2845267e-03d5-4782-b77f-9d05a72db06e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:44.159392Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2307.09288","last_updated":"2023-07-19T17:08:59Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T11:57:18.735747Z","submitted_at":"2023-07-18T14:31:57Z","title":"Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2307.09288","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:44.384465Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":54,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:44.384465Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2307.09288","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:975e3c61b334725ca9ecab2d0373bf1d61f837ac7ba762d7ffc426ce25c28e1f","observation_id":"5ba21057-6201-4bec-8410-bb85cf92f760","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:44.384465Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2402.07827","last_updated":"2024-02-12T17:34:13Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T12:01:05.810937Z","submitted_at":"2024-02-12T17:34:13Z","title":"Aya Model: An Instruction Finetuned Open-Access Multilingual Language Model","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2402.07827","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:44.547375Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":55,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:44.547375Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2402.07827","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b1707af5cc0d500eff3edc8ea4122a920283d00c7130336407a7b5ef5599aad7","observation_id":"c529f85a-8910-4154-9c0f-e65292b9f934","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:44.547375Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:49.832387Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"ba121f8d-9c0b-4138-9f87-0a6129ef0df2","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":56,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:44.771506Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ad494449c5699a77d683dacff5b086b076835a394e59625618325e3bf40e85ef","observation_id":"92ba45d3-22c7-408d-96d6-666415d27772","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:50.012462Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:11.927384+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2409.11056","last_updated":"2025-04-18T07:50:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T18:33:48.831562Z","submitted_at":"2024-09-17T10:33:27Z","title":"Large Language Models are Good Multi-lingual Learners : When LLMs Meet Cross-lingual Prompts","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2409.11056","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:44.973897Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":57,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:44.973897Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2409.11056","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:051b25e751d2099809bc6e53decf13d3f9b67f58086e5f7b296ab5a7d3f8595b","observation_id":"54b3844e-d63c-4c83-921a-c99c442cd4f6","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:44.973897Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:45.150662Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":58,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:45.150662Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ae8e9e7bbb0a0cca17b2ef0457c1c87a03ddb586688c2a0452d68aa4de62a654","observation_id":"58e54cb6-3864-4281-8506-ddef18c42327","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:45.150662Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:45.348220Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":59,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:45.348220Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:21ccf62d6fa3ca71b75ff26b27f4f1b0ee59f35547db6b8f70bbcebb8ee0e489","observation_id":"012d583c-efd7-4797-b863-98f6bd8fd3cd","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:45.348220Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.04986","last_updated":"2025-03-11T17:59:31Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T08:26:57.484850Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-07T18:55:09Z","title":"The Semantic Hub Hypothesis: Language Models Share Semantic Representations Across Languages and Modalities","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2411.04986","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:45.503665Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":60,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:45.503665Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2411.04986","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d802cb97c7faece9ab918edf86ce8a9829a6a0de2a2ffac645730abd060147c6","observation_id":"d0ecb230-2323-4394-af66-90b1031aed03","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:45.503665Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2407.10671","last_updated":"2024-09-10T13:25:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T02:11:23.670680Z","submitted_at":"2024-07-15T12:35:42Z","title":"Qwen2 Technical Report","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2407.10671","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:45.710244Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":61,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:45.710244Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2407.10671","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:88e26fd258079ae3ab15578600f713254f45566959909cb76fe0a422f069a8a2","observation_id":"889bed60-4ffd-4f51-896c-480c9704c9fb","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:45.710244Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.15115","last_updated":"2025-01-03T02:18:21Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T02:11:23.670680Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-19T17:56:09Z","title":"Qwen2.5 Technical Report","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2412.15115","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:45.854172Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":62,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:45.854172Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2412.15115","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d64ff58da48cfc2ba0da93028c77436e3d7020f82fdf64b7ff37cea030e20cf4","observation_id":"a49a7384-27db-4fa1-959e-6e071de35af8","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:45.854172Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2406.13940","last_updated":"2024-06-20T02:19:33Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T15:19:22.625609Z","submitted_at":"2024-06-20T02:19:33Z","title":"AutoCAP: Towards Automatic Cross-lingual Alignment Planning for Zero-shot Chain-of-Thought","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2406.13940","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:46.073110Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":63,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:46.073110Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2406.13940","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ce98774357c1f4782ab0ff6f46b432f76202224c7e529d628b40f0cbe1e72b50","observation_id":"e5493c26-0cd4-4fc5-94e2-4bcd989c0b2e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:46.073110Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2106.10715","last_updated":"2021-06-24T13:23:42Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T21:50:39.626726Z","submitted_at":"2021-06-20T15:43:54Z","title":"CPM-2: Large-scale Cost-effective Pre-trained Language Models","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2106.10715","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:46.234950Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":64,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:46.234950Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2106.10715","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:458dd46334c8b218c3e7d1325495f41cd68e0d3252b86ab7fffc79f6b499a180","observation_id":"b17d39ef-11ff-4156-8928-e1605735500f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:46.234950Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2503.00865","last_updated":"2025-03-02T11:53:55Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T20:45:13.344013Z","submitted_at":"2025-03-02T11:53:55Z","title":"Babel: Open Multilingual Large Language Models Serving Over 90% of Global Speakers","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2503.00865","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:46.395537Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":65,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:46.395537Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2503.00865","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1201f6ad00ecdd640499413520652a86382709b9f7101a025ad599d4c53276cb","observation_id":"9ac50586-9e75-4245-94f7-98f12d3f0e1c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:46.395537Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:49.516348Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"4743fbbf-f056-471c-b014-c587e1082da8","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":66,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:46.544655Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2f3794cad42c3f9eb96c5b46670b48fb3a8e16231098addd85d0a29baaf3f996","observation_id":"ffde34f4-6bb4-4073-b93d-beef26c86d0f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:49.676494Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:11.927384+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2402.18913","last_updated":"2024-02-29T07:11:24Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T17:37:13.985339Z","submitted_at":"2024-02-29T07:11:24Z","title":"AdaMergeX: Cross-Lingual Transfer with Large Language Models via Adaptive Adapter Merging","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2402.18913","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:46.806545Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":67,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:46.806545Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2402.18913","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:8f808f0b5e74ee7a61e7cbb1600aae8e42683219999d7abf1ae9629dce9c8594","observation_id":"97655d94-bf3b-47de-b7e9-689546afdea5","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:46.806545Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2408.10811","last_updated":"2024-08-20T13:05:41Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-01T16:52:06.253078Z","submitted_at":"2024-08-20T13:05:41Z","title":"Beyond English-Centric LLMs: What Language Do Multilingual Language Models Think in?","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2408.10811","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:46.982482Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language","version":1},"reference_index":68,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:46.982482Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2408.10811","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.09890"},"observation_digest":"sha256:94e532cf1e253d0fb18910704c369874e3e742301236083b0d194bb59d9d32eb","observation_id":"7221cdc9-a9a7-4d26-a66f-bf9d6923dc3f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:43:46.982482Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}}],"paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09890","last_updated":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","latest_version":1,"primary_category":"cs.CL","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:35:45.359522Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T16:00:54Z","title":"The Emergence of Abstract Thought in Large Language Models Beyond Any Language"},"reference_resolution":{"displayed":65,"state_counts":{"malformed_identifier":0,"metadata_mismatch":0,"parse_uncertain":0,"unresolved":59,"verified_exact":5,"verified_fuzzy":1},"total_outbound_references":65},"refusal":"A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.","schema":"pith.paper-citation-record.v1","standing_sources":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:11.927384+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"thesis":"As of 7 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 65 of 65 outbound references and 4 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2506.09890."}