{"as_of":"2026-08-07T18:27:00Z","caps":{"database_statements":6,"inbound":100,"outbound":100},"context_digest":"sha256:d55b9e90501de5e5902b475e90671dfa3a3f34c1386f0610f7385fba6fe65662","coverage":[{"denominator":15,"lane":"reference_resolution","note":"Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.","records_observed":15,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:14:11.755864Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":15,"lane":"standing_notices","note":"One-hop event checks from named stored sources.","records_observed":15,"source":"scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","state":"measured"},{"denominator":0,"lane":"inbound_itemization","note":"Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.","records_observed":0,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":null,"state":"measured"},{"denominator":1,"lane":"external_citation_measurements","note":"A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.","records_observed":0,"source":"cited_works","source_observed_at":null,"state":"measured"}],"external_citation_measurements":[],"inbound":[],"links":{"evidence":"/evidence","html":"/paper/2506.11361/citation-record","integrity":"/paper/2506.11361/integrity","json":"/paper/2506.11361/citation-record.json","paper":"/paper/2506.11361"},"outbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:14:09.944808Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.11361","last_updated":"2025-06-12T23:33:42Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:08:14.313214Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-12T23:33:42Z","title":"The Biased Samaritan: LLM biases in Perceived Kindness","version":1},"reference_index":1,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:14:09.944808Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.11361"},"observation_digest":"sha256:6a5b2af790f1013e0ce8d9ecdd657f110b2e749a3a5f3d3c92b85c53e8ddb269","observation_id":"10851d8c-e671-4436-9e92-7d2126d5c01f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:14:09.944808Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2305.08283","last_updated":"2023-07-06T00:40:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T15:27:02.376191Z","submitted_at":"2023-05-15T00:06:30Z","title":"From Pretraining Data to Language Models to Downstream Tasks: Tracking the Trails of Political Biases Leading to Unfair NLP Models","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2305.08283","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:14:10.072483Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.11361","last_updated":"2025-06-12T23:33:42Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:08:14.313214Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-12T23:33:42Z","title":"The Biased Samaritan: LLM biases in Perceived Kindness","version":1},"reference_index":2,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:14:10.072483Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2305.08283","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.11361"},"observation_digest":"sha256:348574227b51a5fc24c44be0da75837884886034bc867dda123603633d33c348","observation_id":"8190ceeb-4927-4d25-ac20-42afa219e45b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:14:10.072483Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:14:10.219480Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.11361","last_updated":"2025-06-12T23:33:42Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:08:14.313214Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-12T23:33:42Z","title":"The Biased Samaritan: LLM biases in Perceived Kindness","version":1},"reference_index":3,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:14:10.219480Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.11361"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f437074bdf91dababcf9c64ed8d17db7afed3c9fd30906314e7407409facb96c","observation_id":"29dc8943-edf5-41a9-b35d-b58ae49e461c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:14:10.219480Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2405.14812","last_updated":"2024-08-17T14:37:24Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T18:18:47.640933Z","submitted_at":"2024-05-23T17:22:02Z","title":"As an AI Language Model, \"Yes I Would Recommend Calling the Police\": Norm Inconsistency in LLM Decision-Making","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2405.14812","doi":null,"metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"2405.14812","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:14:12.446040Z","title":"As an AI Language Model, \"Yes I Would Recommend Calling the Police\": Norm Inconsistency in LLM Decision-Making","venue":"cs.CY","work_id":"49559f6b-cf5b-4746-bd62-53f077b2bb2c","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.11361","last_updated":"2025-06-12T23:33:42Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:08:14.313214Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-12T23:33:42Z","title":"The Biased Samaritan: LLM biases in Perceived Kindness","version":1},"reference_index":4,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:14:10.355372Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2405.14812","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.11361"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d448333782081110d3c807ad34c129fb4adfde3a9a8a90d3bcd1c39f4c5de662","observation_id":"0230f12d-2dd9-4875-8484-fa42338c82be","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:14:12.498347Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:11.927384+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:14:10.495916Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.11361","last_updated":"2025-06-12T23:33:42Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:08:14.313214Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-12T23:33:42Z","title":"The Biased Samaritan: LLM biases in Perceived Kindness","version":1},"reference_index":5,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:14:10.495916Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.11361"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d7f7b5607f9f14bd4674829c87fea6825bb3bf73119f615ef0aad4a9cf9a5d79","observation_id":"b6ac175b-110b-40a0-8938-1f42da16a8bd","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:14:10.495916Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:14:10.629433Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.11361","last_updated":"2025-06-12T23:33:42Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:08:14.313214Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-12T23:33:42Z","title":"The Biased Samaritan: LLM biases in Perceived Kindness","version":1},"reference_index":6,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:14:10.629433Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.11361"},"observation_digest":"sha256:5282920cc69e06ffed7f0e5c102c97b34ed9f7c29a7758e3836f2534bf5b3faf","observation_id":"5f11be29-2c99-47b4-9b9e-9ecd25d814cb","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:14:10.629433Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:14:10.768167Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.11361","last_updated":"2025-06-12T23:33:42Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:08:14.313214Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-12T23:33:42Z","title":"The Biased Samaritan: LLM biases in Perceived Kindness","version":1},"reference_index":7,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:14:10.768167Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.11361"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c88adf02ba99a2b10d3dceb46c93a515e199f3f52616ee1e2b5d648d58934ad7","observation_id":"69f1e894-e726-48a8-824b-73d33f66a093","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:14:10.768167Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:14:10.899487Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2014},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.11361","last_updated":"2025-06-12T23:33:42Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:08:14.313214Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-12T23:33:42Z","title":"The Biased Samaritan: LLM biases in Perceived Kindness","version":1},"reference_index":8,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:14:10.899487Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.11361"},"observation_digest":"sha256:6d4d79dba1c08ad5178b15998994ad70cbf27d23fb004fdb08b031921b332260","observation_id":"f8040874-1d11-4f5a-a9fa-2f4cca9badd2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:14:10.899487Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:14:11.023876Z","title":"Peters, Mark Neumann, Mohit Iyyer, Matt Gardner, Christopher Clark, Kenton Lee, and Luke Zettlemoyer","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.11361","last_updated":"2025-06-12T23:33:42Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:08:14.313214Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-12T23:33:42Z","title":"The Biased Samaritan: LLM biases in Perceived Kindness","version":1},"reference_index":9,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:14:11.023876Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.11361"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9a4560ca4c58c6bd8bc9841e13dd95f06eb8f576705af8de2dde1e92cecf84c2","observation_id":"dfb87f10-9b35-459e-9039-83c9f9203c6e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:14:11.023876Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.jspi.2006.04.011","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:14:11.884356Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"bb5289a0-514c-415d-b54d-93465c7b36d3","year":2007},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.11361","last_updated":"2025-06-12T23:33:42Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:08:14.313214Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-12T23:33:42Z","title":"The Biased Samaritan: LLM biases in Perceived Kindness","version":1},"reference_index":10,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:14:11.129273Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.11361"},"observation_digest":"sha256:5dea1a147d8a1562f6a2e33e2738e9fdabb5fdb8299096aad8af4abcd963be54","observation_id":"6b6e2aaa-208d-4561-8099-64501e5f9c4b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:14:12.048234Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:11.927384+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2402.14875","last_updated":"2025-01-24T01:15:16Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T17:34:16.065501Z","submitted_at":"2024-02-21T18:25:25Z","title":"What's in a Name? Auditing Large Language Models for Race and Gender Bias","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2402.14875","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:14:11.244635Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.11361","last_updated":"2025-06-12T23:33:42Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:08:14.313214Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-12T23:33:42Z","title":"The Biased Samaritan: LLM biases in Perceived Kindness","version":1},"reference_index":11,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:14:11.244635Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2402.14875","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.11361"},"observation_digest":"sha256:364a3bcddb3dca6a88cbabef70a28790df7c853ac2e82ebb3d316c885eaba144","observation_id":"9ca931d3-e4ae-4e5e-8377-237ae79ab288","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:14:11.244635Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2310.05135","last_updated":"2023-10-08T12:08:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T16:29:23.853368Z","submitted_at":"2023-10-08T12:08:48Z","title":"Are Emily and Greg Still More Employable than Lakisha and Jamal? Investigating Algorithmic Hiring Bias in the Era of ChatGPT","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2310.05135","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:14:11.382708Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.11361","last_updated":"2025-06-12T23:33:42Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:08:14.313214Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-12T23:33:42Z","title":"The Biased Samaritan: LLM biases in Perceived Kindness","version":1},"reference_index":12,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:14:11.382708Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2310.05135","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.11361"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f510dd58a4a0beba660ea2355488f2e844282d1077625ba299432346302891c6","observation_id":"e475ab92-b6f8-467a-a72a-29fb9e8b945b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:14:11.382708Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2310.09219","last_updated":"2023-12-01T19:21:20Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T16:32:37.715900Z","submitted_at":"2023-10-13T16:12:57Z","title":"\"Kelly is a Warm Person, Joseph is a Role Model\": Gender Biases in LLM-Generated Reference Letters","version":5},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2310.09219","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:14:11.532523Z","title":"K elly is a W arm P erson, J oseph is a R ole M odel","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.11361","last_updated":"2025-06-12T23:33:42Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:08:14.313214Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-12T23:33:42Z","title":"The Biased Samaritan: LLM biases in Perceived Kindness","version":1},"reference_index":13,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:14:11.532523Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2310.09219","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.11361"},"observation_digest":"sha256:77e59c3f1836007e2d15b0d5c9b100a7b78cff876a6a7f73f0c6f1ebc7727e3c","observation_id":"67d70dec-d3e1-4561-b0ab-6f23c7eef595","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:14:11.532523Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:14:11.656517Z","title":"online\" 'onlinestring :=","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.11361","last_updated":"2025-06-12T23:33:42Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:08:14.313214Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-12T23:33:42Z","title":"The Biased Samaritan: LLM biases in Perceived Kindness","version":1},"reference_index":14,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:14:11.656517Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.11361"},"observation_digest":"sha256:87c5199d40c2de0b7a27719464e961d534c8d0ad63be07bd5891cdb7094201cb","observation_id":"048e334a-c222-4eda-87dd-4986044aaa07","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:14:11.656517Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:14:11.755864Z","title":"write newline","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.11361","last_updated":"2025-06-12T23:33:42Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:08:14.313214Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-12T23:33:42Z","title":"The Biased Samaritan: LLM biases in Perceived Kindness","version":1},"reference_index":15,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:14:11.755864Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.11361"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a58a8c41717e8c3606bd18e7f05739d99dd5530e19b7b3bd1b377775855395f5","observation_id":"2ade7705-8314-476f-9828-e08e72fdaa3c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:14:11.755864Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}}],"paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.11361","last_updated":"2025-06-12T23:33:42Z","latest_version":1,"primary_category":"cs.CL","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:08:14.313214Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-12T23:33:42Z","title":"The Biased Samaritan: LLM biases in Perceived Kindness"},"reference_resolution":{"displayed":15,"state_counts":{"malformed_identifier":0,"metadata_mismatch":0,"parse_uncertain":0,"unresolved":13,"verified_exact":2,"verified_fuzzy":0},"total_outbound_references":15},"refusal":"A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.","schema":"pith.paper-citation-record.v1","standing_sources":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:11.927384+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"thesis":"As of 7 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 15 of 15 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2506.11361."}