{"as_of":"2026-08-07T16:42:00Z","caps":{"database_statements":6,"inbound":100,"outbound":100},"context_digest":"sha256:d6700b6988dd4a03dff348f64f055579b29786ba9a6fe2ab6e91fe7ec708d260","coverage":[{"denominator":15,"lane":"reference_resolution","note":"Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.","records_observed":15,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:49:03.067212Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":16,"lane":"standing_notices","note":"One-hop event checks from named stored sources.","records_observed":16,"source":"scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","state":"measured"},{"denominator":1,"lane":"inbound_itemization","note":"Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.","records_observed":1,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-07-14T02:33:34.084111Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":1,"lane":"external_citation_measurements","note":"A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.","records_observed":0,"source":"cited_works","source_observed_at":null,"state":"measured"}],"external_citation_measurements":[],"inbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.16151","last_updated":"2025-06-19T09:06:38Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:42:02.524751Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-19T09:06:38Z","title":"Under the Shadow of Babel: How Language Shapes Reasoning in LLMs","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2506.16151","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-14T02:33:34.084111Z","title":"Under the shadow of babel: How language shapes reasoning in llms, 2025 c","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.11871","last_updated":"2026-07-13T17:55:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T16:49:44.432361Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-13T17:55:19Z","title":"Inside the Unfair Judge: A Mechanistic Interpretability Account of LLM-as-Judge Bias","version":1},"reference_index":204,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-07-14T02:33:34.084111Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2506.16151","citing_paper":"/paper/2607.11871"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b4923b1343dc1d50a63d9f7c3d4373e11d63d78055816b69eb65edfdedacca59","observation_id":"b99e2635-3d74-43cf-9a95-2285af47377d","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-07-14T02:33:34.084111Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}}],"links":{"evidence":"/evidence","html":"/paper/2506.16151/citation-record","integrity":"/paper/2506.16151/integrity","json":"/paper/2506.16151/citation-record.json","paper":"/paper/2506.16151"},"outbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:49:05.725209Z","title":"2011.Badan L","venue":null,"work_id":"6a3a9cd2-a864-49fa-9494-899c8b8af7f0","year":2011},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.16151","last_updated":"2025-06-19T09:06:38Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:42:02.524751Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-19T09:06:38Z","title":"Under the Shadow of Babel: How Language Shapes Reasoning in LLMs","version":1},"reference_index":1,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:49:01.208714Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.16151"},"observation_digest":"sha256:bce5081f57fefdd2d9a4caf267c392c18eda69ca06b13bf5f157339e071c182f","observation_id":"afe7007e-c87e-408f-b17d-68e7819b07ec","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:49:05.843397Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:11.927384+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:49:04.660787Z","title":"InProceed- ings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pages 12216–12235","venue":null,"work_id":"a933d024-0e1b-4165-b911-58949ebb91cb","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.16151","last_updated":"2025-06-19T09:06:38Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:42:02.524751Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-19T09:06:38Z","title":"Under the Shadow of Babel: How Language Shapes Reasoning in LLMs","version":1},"reference_index":7,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:49:01.980839Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.16151"},"observation_digest":"sha256:98acfe317ba24b94988f760e8d79027822844550924aadaad778d1e88b539626","observation_id":"7fb12491-b9cf-427a-9211-925d9b616707","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:49:04.848932Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:11.927384+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2405.10936","last_updated":"2025-01-07T12:15:01Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T18:15:54.402568Z","submitted_at":"2024-05-17T17:47:39Z","title":"A Survey on Large Language Models with Multilingualism: Recent Advances and New Frontiers","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2405.10936","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:49:02.206844Z","title":"Wilhelm Humboldt, editor","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.16151","last_updated":"2025-06-19T09:06:38Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:42:02.524751Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-19T09:06:38Z","title":"Under the Shadow of Babel: How Language Shapes Reasoning in LLMs","version":1},"reference_index":8,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:49:02.206844Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2405.10936","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.16151"},"observation_digest":"sha256:950500f4d63ccc748e81319c30929c5d49b994955144b5ed925cce4bff4eedfa","observation_id":"3f2096ab-4ac4-4501-a67b-da98310bbbaa","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:49:02.206844Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:49:04.399371Z","title":"https://transformer-circuits.pub/2025/ attribution-graphs/biology.html","venue":null,"work_id":"fab4a2a2-b8ef-4f76-9958-22faad84077f","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.16151","last_updated":"2025-06-19T09:06:38Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:42:02.524751Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-19T09:06:38Z","title":"Under the Shadow of Babel: How Language Shapes Reasoning in LLMs","version":1},"reference_index":9,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:49:02.334119Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.16151"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e2796370cd881b43270fbd586af34c2351b860220da2b2f01a26d5a389cb000e","observation_id":"9aef4b8d-6e73-4fcb-a5ce-3f916a028216","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:49:04.513340Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:11.927384+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:49:02.441223Z","title":"Aneta Pavlenko","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.16151","last_updated":"2025-06-19T09:06:38Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:42:02.524751Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-19T09:06:38Z","title":"Under the Shadow of Babel: How Language Shapes Reasoning in LLMs","version":1},"reference_index":10,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:49:02.441223Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.16151"},"observation_digest":"sha256:fdfbf297189ab7851ee434b738dcd1b557f47a26de4e3b0e23b467e9eab62a6e","observation_id":"a859a4d8-1a1c-482c-a486-3b6fbf020d06","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:49:02.441223Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2502.15603","last_updated":"2025-02-21T17:19:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T08:48:18.971562Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-21T17:19:23Z","title":"Do Multilingual LLMs Think In English?","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2502.15603","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:49:02.577676Z","title":"John Schwieter","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.16151","last_updated":"2025-06-19T09:06:38Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:42:02.524751Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-19T09:06:38Z","title":"Under the Shadow of Babel: How Language Shapes Reasoning in LLMs","version":1},"reference_index":11,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:49:02.577676Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2502.15603","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.16151"},"observation_digest":"sha256:5bf242b2bc379e9cb72731e28df5e4f9f4bd19ffd67058a761c82cb8a6988bce","observation_id":"de15f970-bb42-4964-8ad0-1b1bbc0b89aa","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:49:02.577676Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:49:03.760438Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"a8440db1-09f8-453e-839f-e0cf786b03b9","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.16151","last_updated":"2025-06-19T09:06:38Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:42:02.524751Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-19T09:06:38Z","title":"Under the Shadow of Babel: How Language Shapes Reasoning in LLMs","version":1},"reference_index":13,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:49:02.874306Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.16151"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ceaf83a2de035de511cb22c7827f5b86fafc32cea737cc1c2f952fdff88fc9d1","observation_id":"3e1e57a4-1988-48d7-a3fe-5e901f08396f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:49:03.957493Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:11.927384+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:49:03.538596Z","title":"InProceedings of the 62nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (V olume 1: Long Papers), pages 15366–15394, Bangkok, Thai- land","venue":null,"work_id":"7d5ddd37-1f56-4644-8118-2f4063b915ad","year":1956},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.16151","last_updated":"2025-06-19T09:06:38Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:42:02.524751Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-19T09:06:38Z","title":"Under the Shadow of Babel: How Language Shapes Reasoning in LLMs","version":1},"reference_index":14,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:49:02.951625Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.16151"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9b245dcb3e7f2edb84052a1472d37bfa5242d3a23bc7e8e3f2108aa90357b1ca","observation_id":"02c62711-0e25-442a-a17f-792085e3337a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:49:03.651393Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:11.927384+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:49:03.332620Z","title":"InFindings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2024, pages 9191– 9200, Bangkok, Thailand","venue":null,"work_id":"99b280c6-da25-40f9-b7a6-7ae5c604ec24","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.16151","last_updated":"2025-06-19T09:06:38Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:42:02.524751Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-19T09:06:38Z","title":"Under the Shadow of Babel: How Language Shapes Reasoning in LLMs","version":1},"reference_index":15,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:49:03.067212Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.16151"},"observation_digest":"sha256:5af18b0911ae94e09f6879e4f91ddb1a1b1dae929aaff27d31695f2d10d1ca30","observation_id":"613f44a6-2b31-4c12-a052-bd9657ced9e3","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:49:03.410487Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:11.927384+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:49:05.246925Z","title":"InProceedings of the 2019 ACL Workshop BlackboxNLP: Analyzing and Interpreting Neural Networks for NLP, page","venue":null,"work_id":"526e6629-8ebe-4ef5-be1c-8ed3db78ce01","year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.16151","last_updated":"2025-06-19T09:06:38Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:42:02.524751Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-19T09:06:38Z","title":"Under the Shadow of Babel: How Language Shapes Reasoning in LLMs","version":1},"reference_index":2019,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:49:01.687637Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.16151"},"observation_digest":"sha256:27b447fcafa0fa70d1dddb5dc1a67b7dad6818c9ef7cd2e0aa954403fa6de77a","observation_id":"4a380caa-339e-417a-aa45-80ff1baa914c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:49:05.359723Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:11.927384+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:49:05.648999Z","title":"InProceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pages 8718–8735, Online","venue":null,"work_id":"9bd80019-3d0d-46fe-8d43-678f098b36b7","year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.16151","last_updated":"2025-06-19T09:06:38Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:42:02.524751Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-19T09:06:38Z","title":"Under the Shadow of Babel: How Language Shapes Reasoning in LLMs","version":1},"reference_index":2020,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:49:01.436801Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.16151"},"observation_digest":"sha256:192e2d160367f7459718a87d0263a381d491f204b044f7611b46aa1852ac490b","observation_id":"c71894bb-55ea-4b02-b43c-7250d45e3ff6","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:49:05.685025Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:11.927384+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:49:04.095417Z","title":"InNeurIPS 2022 Workshop on Neuro Causal and Symbolic AI (nCSI)","venue":null,"work_id":"fb8e71e7-a7f9-4925-a14a-897132bcecdc","year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.16151","last_updated":"2025-06-19T09:06:38Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:42:02.524751Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-19T09:06:38Z","title":"Under the Shadow of Babel: How Language Shapes Reasoning in LLMs","version":1},"reference_index":2022,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:49:02.712627Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.16151"},"observation_digest":"sha256:06c2d4ce1a40b8be5955a0fed22be65bb6106d168e00ffa73b96c068ece529b4","observation_id":"724f3ccd-85f4-44f6-bb64-70424f810d0b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:49:04.249685Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:11.927384+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2309.16609","last_updated":"2023-09-28T17:07:49Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T02:11:23.670680Z","submitted_at":"2023-09-28T17:07:49Z","title":"Qwen Technical Report","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2309.16609","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:49:01.312344Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.16151","last_updated":"2025-06-19T09:06:38Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:42:02.524751Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-19T09:06:38Z","title":"Under the Shadow of Babel: How Language Shapes Reasoning in LLMs","version":1},"reference_index":2023,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:49:01.312344Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2309.16609","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.16151"},"observation_digest":"sha256:6d5105c12bfb72630d16226172262a4dd5dde90fce3ebb281951c9456a6b3e4a","observation_id":"a9796a80-f45e-44c3-933d-c2c231c3897a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:49:01.312344Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:49:04.989485Z","title":"Association for Computational Lin- guistics","venue":null,"work_id":"b3cfda56-ada7-4587-bb88-0e6871ef939b","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.16151","last_updated":"2025-06-19T09:06:38Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:42:02.524751Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-19T09:06:38Z","title":"Under the Shadow of Babel: How Language Shapes Reasoning in LLMs","version":1},"reference_index":2024,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:49:01.910276Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.16151"},"observation_digest":"sha256:25d3fd48df2b36405230ef43bf31625d3641d4280292c4af10a2b41deade8f34","observation_id":"9a698260-c03c-4637-93bb-3f0bf61a6b7e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:49:05.098121Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:11.927384+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:49:05.440848Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"d53bd5a5-0fb1-4d4b-9969-b663f9f498f7","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.16151","last_updated":"2025-06-19T09:06:38Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:42:02.524751Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-19T09:06:38Z","title":"Under the Shadow of Babel: How Language Shapes Reasoning in LLMs","version":1},"reference_index":2025,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:49:01.582936Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.16151"},"observation_digest":"sha256:283850ec61800fd241ad7059d7fd627d5b48e6eb1b75b68eadccdcb8de71fb55","observation_id":"24c02a5a-219c-4ed9-bf48-195b2926909b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:49:05.519501Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:11.927384+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}}],"paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.16151","last_updated":"2025-06-19T09:06:38Z","latest_version":1,"primary_category":"cs.CL","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:42:02.524751Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-19T09:06:38Z","title":"Under the Shadow of Babel: How Language Shapes Reasoning in LLMs"},"reference_resolution":{"displayed":15,"state_counts":{"malformed_identifier":0,"metadata_mismatch":0,"parse_uncertain":0,"unresolved":6,"verified_exact":0,"verified_fuzzy":9},"total_outbound_references":15},"refusal":"A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.","schema":"pith.paper-citation-record.v1","standing_sources":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:11.927384+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"thesis":"As of 7 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 15 of 15 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2506.16151."}