{"as_of":"2026-08-18T04:31:00Z","caps":{"database_statements":6,"inbound":100,"outbound":100},"context_digest":"sha256:9469131f70ecd352ca2d168fa14cdf73eb94e9c1259a96c5adc6c9f2e00ea322","coverage":[{"denominator":54,"lane":"reference_resolution","note":"Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.","records_observed":54,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.414555Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":57,"lane":"standing_notices","note":"One-hop event checks from named stored sources.","records_observed":57,"source":"scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache","source_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00","state":"measured"},{"denominator":3,"lane":"inbound_itemization","note":"Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.","records_observed":3,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-06-27T06:34:39.457798Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":1,"lane":"external_citation_measurements","note":"A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.","records_observed":1,"source":"arxiv_reference","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","state":"measured"}],"external_citation_measurements":[{"count":1,"observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","source":"arxiv_reference"}],"inbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2509.03518","metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2509.03518","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":"Can llms lie? investigation beyond hallucination","venue":"ArXiv.org","work_id":"04256991-23ab-42c8-a1d1-994d38fe5f98","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2604.19117","last_updated":"2026-05-02T22:24:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T04:35:39.936666Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-21T05:55:38Z","title":"LLMs Know They're Wrong and Agree Anyway: The Shared Sycophancy-Lying Circuit","version":4},"reference_index":18,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:22:28.623936Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2509.03518","citing_paper":"/paper/2604.19117"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ad69fefb8458f26aef73ae3c33d33a956fb204008abbb3e97252243e9d2f3383","observation_id":"cd835192-758f-40fb-aeb3-35eae92f73f9","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:24:14.273784Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:54.323127+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2509.03518","metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2509.03518","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":"Can llms lie? investigation beyond hallucination","venue":"ArXiv.org","work_id":"04256991-23ab-42c8-a1d1-994d38fe5f98","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.19270","last_updated":"2026-05-19T02:33:21Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T08:19:44.478984Z","submitted_at":"2026-05-19T02:33:21Z","title":"DECOR: Auditing LLM Deception via Information Manipulation Theory","version":1},"reference_index":19,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-20T06:27:10.445757Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2509.03518","citing_paper":"/paper/2605.19270"},"observation_digest":"sha256:89fba0988951fdb8b42d41584d7951d2bd12b5ba689cea3c8761d6a0ebdee572","observation_id":"4fbb1a7d-2dd0-4076-90a2-e534a4fc9226","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-20T06:28:05.424721Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:54.323127+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2509.03518","metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2509.03518","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":"Can llms lie? investigation beyond hallucination","venue":"ArXiv.org","work_id":"04256991-23ab-42c8-a1d1-994d38fe5f98","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.13310","last_updated":"2026-06-11T13:07:02Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T02:53:25.014777Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-11T13:07:02Z","title":"RogueAI: A Reverse Turing Test for Detecting Licensed AI Deception in Dialogue","version":1},"reference_index":10,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-27T06:34:39.457798Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2509.03518","citing_paper":"/paper/2606.13310"},"observation_digest":"sha256:8b5feea12c9be3f96dd050b073a170e3f5e4687cf19bab7f22a02373b4f605d1","observation_id":"14ef3621-44bd-4ce9-b892-b7b3d12c91ee","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-07-03T15:18:33.735954Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:54.323127+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}}],"links":{"evidence":"/evidence","html":"/paper/2509.03518/citation-record","integrity":"/paper/2509.03518/integrity","json":"/paper/2509.03518/citation-record.json","paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"outbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2304.13734","last_updated":"2023-10-17T09:34:30Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-01T19:59:13.992395Z","submitted_at":"2023-04-26T02:49:38Z","title":"The Internal State of an LLM Knows When It's Lying","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2304.13734","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.186747Z","title":"Azaria and T","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":1,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.186747Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2304.13734","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e2f335e66e9048f967dca90c723453c24f0a2d2b56354d43e428c6621266131b","observation_id":"ab9d04dc-c818-4a66-826c-d8bed8da2b68","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.186747Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2503.00177","last_updated":"2025-02-28T20:43:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T12:54:08.694181Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-28T20:43:45Z","title":"Steering Large Language Model Activations in Sparse Spaces","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2503.00177","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.191794Z","title":"Bayat, A","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":2,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.191794Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2503.00177","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2a76e7ad95e4331d0d340812d2d59788953ac0cb5d110050f53103b4742d77e7","observation_id":"1c478744-4bce-4874-a330-e8481626d9f6","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.191794Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2502.03708","last_updated":"2025-05-28T19:52:55Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T13:39:19.688085Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-06T01:41:48Z","title":"Toward universal steering and monitoring of AI models","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2502.03708","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.196148Z","title":"Beaglehole, A","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":3,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.196148Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2502.03708","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b60c68cd04bc173c304e17476732587d18c73c6b8915f97f56e2f6412cec7b8c","observation_id":"bd418a8b-dd7b-449d-a04d-b71529e8a7f6","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.196148Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2212.03827","last_updated":"2024-03-02T21:33:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T12:54:32.587457Z","submitted_at":"2022-12-07T18:17:56Z","title":"Discovering Latent Knowledge in Language Models Without Supervision","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2212.03827","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.201012Z","title":"Burns, H","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":4,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.201012Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2212.03827","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:91cad9f9832505de0b0db38e587d250337843db2371552ea3b9ebfc3f2796e35","observation_id":"db747075-a0cc-407d-971f-457774cc3c43","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.201012Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2407.12831","last_updated":"2024-10-21T08:55:49Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T13:37:24.070151Z","submitted_at":"2024-07-03T13:01:54Z","title":"Truth is Universal: Robust Detection of Lies in LLMs","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2407.12831","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.205574Z","title":"Bürger, F","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":5,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.205574Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2407.12831","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2c258575d8332b2ccfc0c46ea583691ff32ed1f9adb9fe5f34fb5c9ac34d0234","observation_id":"af3b9ea0-cb1f-4fa9-9b21-ecda760cbaab","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.205574Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2311.15131","last_updated":"2023-11-25T22:41:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T14:40:24.115717Z","submitted_at":"2023-11-25T22:41:23Z","title":"Localizing Lying in Llama: Understanding Instructed Dishonesty on True-False Questions Through Prompting, Probing, and Patching","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2311.15131","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.210175Z","title":"Campbell, R","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":6,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.210175Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2311.15131","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:fea7696c689410f598cca81286a2056b3240a64380e095a1516bc8661dd62d87","observation_id":"fee5f4f1-5582-46b4-8b13-12c704b1fd3b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.210175Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.478373Z","title":"Dombrowski and G","venue":null,"work_id":"c4ddcaca-bea1-46f2-943e-d5c0f22934f8","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":7,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.216003Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b295edbcfb757e8799397bfebcabe32b6200c0cec9953024cf91e0e05c7388f6","observation_id":"4823abb4-fac7-4b66-a2b3-f1732675b523","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.482563Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:54.323127+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2502.18862","last_updated":"2025-08-12T23:58:47Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T12:55:07.797014Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-26T06:13:01Z","title":"One-shot Optimized Steering Vectors Mediate Safety-relevant Behaviors in LLMs","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2502.18862","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.220056Z","title":"Dunefsky and A","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":8,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.220056Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2502.18862","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:3111f518271fff951c7e992f4836b58cdfae59e568c267bdc5ed361849c99118","observation_id":"88597080-8876-45ea-9381-1043b9e03b3c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.220056Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.464590Z","title":"Elhage, N","venue":null,"work_id":"1d1f023c-a759-428c-901c-36aed90861df","year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":9,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.224759Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c718fe6463d09eb962f0c6b030881d14a56be8ff93dd42cbe5cb2ecb0c6d13a0","observation_id":"b044d5f8-c77e-4572-9f48-50e954ffe065","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.468966Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:54.323127+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2203.14680","last_updated":"2022-10-12T18:01:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:11:19.673268Z","submitted_at":"2022-03-28T12:26:00Z","title":"Transformer Feed-Forward Layers Build Predictions by Promoting Concepts in the Vocabulary Space","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2203.14680","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.228702Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":10,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.228702Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2203.14680","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:af79a5c7b0405ce93a28a2e18efb3c93d250b2ca273cf34e66d4b360aaba4277","observation_id":"645c8305-86cc-45be-b2e3-7b034a6ad510","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.228702Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2502.03407","last_updated":"2025-02-05T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T04:17:53.497000Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-05T17:49:40Z","title":"Detecting Strategic Deception Using Linear Probes","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2502.03407","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.233155Z","title":"Goldowsky-Dill, B","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":11,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.233155Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2502.03407","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2446dc036dc93fec05930222d25f4ca19a00b07c499cc3a2724b303768e09217","observation_id":"93c7fcde-4180-479e-b7bf-0c3807c10af8","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.233155Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.237519Z","title":"Huang, W","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":12,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.237519Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4565d5bbf7de033d85d1c86257e398a9651d292d05e4f95b230d220abecd20e4","observation_id":"690addc4-399f-4a1a-8ae5-9cef343e9114","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.237519Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.451827Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"38e8eabc-e315-4292-9a90-f7f3fa4d51d5","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":13,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.241373Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2f6f6a70dc29ae19383e1032337bc8fec50462f54122c5fb0ce10fde3638a60d","observation_id":"e121be2f-e340-4046-99a0-052e59252886","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.455678Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:54.323127+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.438111Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"50c0ce68-4e03-4bc6-a42a-e7e20ca592ae","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":14,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.249723Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:74339c1ae6b39bc3ea836c65bb037b6e8257f6bafe6894686376480f92b410ac","observation_id":"4f8c88d9-03aa-4715-9ecc-1569bb78d5b4","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.442614Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:54.323127+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2310.06824","last_updated":"2024-08-19T01:18:41Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T14:45:35.765424Z","submitted_at":"2023-10-10T17:54:39Z","title":"The Geometry of Truth: Emergent Linear Structure in Large Language Model Representations of True/False Datasets","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2310.06824","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.253706Z","title":"Marks and M","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":15,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.253706Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2310.06824","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:94a0cdb0a6b73fa5f1fec71f69771fa5891ba9c78cf5a47db140cce0b27ead5a","observation_id":"0886a43d-af9b-4fb9-b845-284ea95c8f73","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.253706Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.257689Z","title":"Meibauer","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":16,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.257689Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:cf5ce92f907056905291b92f13be8dc18b60a061b37662ac3407fe7c105d8b0f","observation_id":"d6cae79b-f57d-4d8b-8168-3b74632fe32a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.257689Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.04984","last_updated":"2025-01-14T20:16:01Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T04:02:05.429942Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-06T12:09:50Z","title":"Frontier Models are Capable of In-context Scheming","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2412.04984","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.261502Z","title":"Meinke, B","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":17,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.261502Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2412.04984","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9afae22499c50c640b4ad9c87b5f079b87f87f53d2c8642d6391eb987d3c7faa","observation_id":"4a77e8fb-2faa-4b6f-ba7d-0fb0fe9b95c9","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.261502Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.424282Z","title":"interpreting gpt: the logit lens","venue":null,"work_id":"5bfd5601-faf1-4bfe-a221-1a134dbfc6f6","year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":18,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.265752Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2237c7e3d455a15997ee52b67268d6eeeb6b9768bd257af27b6812cd1aadfd95","observation_id":"990fadab-5ca7-4432-8e6f-4063238dcf36","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.428576Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:54.323127+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1093/scan/nsw151","metadata_source":"openalex","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T05:30:23.456663Z","title":null,"venue":"Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience","work_id":"e0157c63-0a9c-47cc-93c0-ade788032912","year":2016},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":19,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.269982Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:8c2f75ce7a7cf943498a3f7bdfbd782b685313d3d2f94ca6426e63cfe7a49eaf","observation_id":"f14d3af7-8ab0-4dac-b337-6458e0688e64","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.472350Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:54.323127+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2209.11895","last_updated":"2022-09-24T00:43:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T09:43:59.961298Z","submitted_at":"2022-09-24T00:43:19Z","title":"In-context Learning and Induction Heads","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2209.11895","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.274020Z","title":"Olsson, N","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":20,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.274020Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2209.11895","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:90e74defeb2601adabe40567d1b29b3036e0d1f736f0f10d72671d3d2714cbcd","observation_id":"e619a548-f3a7-4e09-835f-50f860022205","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.274020Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.410763Z","title":"methods of ethics","venue":null,"work_id":"00f246f9-3505-4130-b29f-cdca01721a5c","year":1984},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":21,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.278168Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:72e96a6b81cbd043aab36d1394a513ac0faf778575271b1dcd0ce03a40385475","observation_id":"64b65a6d-504f-4eee-9148-4cc0630a195a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.414788Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:54.323127+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.282700Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":22,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.282700Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d8ffb0599efd2b9689277f7992efa389ff5635af5448ec705e2b01cd6b72c502","observation_id":"4afcf424-7bf3-4750-b1e6-2be0addc8bed","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.282700Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2311.07590","last_updated":"2024-07-15T08:51:52Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T14:44:35.248929Z","submitted_at":"2023-11-09T17:12:44Z","title":"Large Language Models can Strategically Deceive their Users when Put Under Pressure","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2311.07590","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.286599Z","title":"Scheurer, M","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":23,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.286599Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2311.07590","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:08498c3a71e1317a5d8b322388b60aa645b452166252ebc508fd8d0684f7bc0c","observation_id":"dd7965ac-4315-4b08-84be-145157e74a6a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.286599Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2410.13032","last_updated":"2024-10-16T20:45:29Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T13:08:38.665856Z","submitted_at":"2024-10-16T20:45:29Z","title":"Hypothesis Testing the Circuit Hypothesis in LLMs","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2410.13032","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.290976Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":24,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.290976Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2410.13032","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f492c465eb22f89f076d0923440d19bbc63947c8c2c11f2b42cb44caec13d07c","observation_id":"6011e07e-b6e0-4425-94b8-5abe5a3e222e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.290976Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.397091Z","title":"Song and Y","venue":null,"work_id":"4e94c6cc-70db-48a2-baa4-8fc3451b91ba","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":25,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.295159Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1ccb053e4c53604c16d318bffe1255232f054f7da92cb762ac1ae0d789d75f1b","observation_id":"b710ec1e-3526-4be0-927f-f4c72d0cc1ac","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.401280Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:54.323127+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.383826Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"4a393b4b-8223-494c-90eb-bc20390ab69a","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":26,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.304198Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:cad3061dd00c4856e2c79c283cf3ff3fe86adb1c3036f19bb52a894de63e9e6d","observation_id":"cbef24d1-bd81-4f88-8ac1-985216871180","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.388072Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:54.323127+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2012.00526","last_updated":"2020-12-12T12:58:50Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T19:01:52.121065Z","submitted_at":"2020-12-01T14:37:56Z","title":"Entanglement Structure Detection via Machine Learning","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2012.00526","doi":null,"metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"2012.00526","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.668635Z","title":"Entanglement Structure Detection via Machine Learning","venue":"quant-ph","work_id":"4bd01af4-58a6-4948-9ae1-768b55da8d91","year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":27,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.308257Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2012.00526","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:892b479dd3aead2ae59995d1fc980b9dc979f72ad4e4dba98c88c8715d7b9be3","observation_id":"10a98a61-3045-4956-9289-2e3350252828","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.673430Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:54.323127+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1706.03762","last_updated":"2023-08-02T00:41:18Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T01:19:18.409791Z","submitted_at":"2017-06-12T17:57:34Z","title":"Attention Is All You Need","version":7},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1706.03762","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.312432Z","title":"Vaswani, N","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":28,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.312432Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1706.03762","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e0f389ebcb519438669d933bfe54f614ce55bca6ff7f9a0e371450a6849418a2","observation_id":"2fa2a9bb-7ab1-4f05-a775-0cd262c5c1fc","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.312432Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2401.11817","last_updated":"2025-02-13T08:11:25Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T19:44:00.811684Z","submitted_at":"2024-01-22T10:26:14Z","title":"Hallucination is Inevitable: An Innate Limitation of Large Language Models","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2401.11817","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.316681Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":29,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.316681Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2401.11817","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:3a04d6f5ab439b47672626397475b2e54e478f2e7c7087f4dafdbc673153ed9e","observation_id":"4605e18a-c397-448c-9b85-5f1b6ea240aa","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.316681Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1002/hbm.24432","metadata_source":"openalex","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T11:08:14.039542Z","title":"Yin and B","venue":"Human Brain Mapping","work_id":"5a64a7de-3787-4956-98de-9c0c21cbcfd9","year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":30,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.320989Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:715b7b5984662bc07077f9a586ea18fef2fe20967be6d59e58ddf3bd4fc1b7d6","observation_id":"df8bdf2d-14da-4634-82db-9f66e92b76ca","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.457667Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:54.323127+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.370241Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"43d409bb-0b01-44d0-9e75-ecd360b78992","year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":31,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.325151Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:016c0cf9b9616a7e1439ecccd9f4fe73e75d12d3f5cf6069b6cc6e766399053f","observation_id":"e3384b39-25ac-4ed6-a13e-a7f8adfcce4f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.374328Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:54.323127+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2310.01405","last_updated":"2025-03-03T06:14:14Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T16:26:38.284922Z","submitted_at":"2023-10-02T17:59:07Z","title":"Representation Engineering: A Top-Down Approach to AI Transparency","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2310.01405","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.333595Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":32,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.333595Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2310.01405","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:20b79812a2f1e25e4ea94c078e9737bd12b78a69431de5a212ac5e38a8d23611","observation_id":"6666f5e2-ba67-4dbd-ac25-e05e3ad10e29","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.333595Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2021.76689","doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.606787Z","title":"doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.766891","venue":null,"work_id":"39d17d5d-cc58-4ec8-83b3-9e94d4a029d5","year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":34,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.329457Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:3fa4a0fd749e37571fbc55f2e0441a8f7a9270dabec643cbec8489597355a726","observation_id":"f32ca284-94f4-4ef1-8c03-eb19964e1af2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.615616Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"metadata_mismatch"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:54.323127+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.356014Z","title":"71–83% accuracy in labeling true vs","venue":null,"work_id":"ab8dec8d-554e-4160-a0a9-a868b0b85092","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":36,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.338163Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:37941483744bd2e178dba5bfeb9656444629d415d2834d226a880df723f9301e","observation_id":"d78cf8d1-d166-4d9c-8fe1-8c506c0c1722","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.360129Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:54.323127+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.342611Z","title":"Robust separation of true/false for affirmative & negated statements; tG generalizes well","venue":null,"work_id":"7ffcef01-bfd9-46ef-9161-e66df8ebaeb6","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":37,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.342354Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:18e7fdc687b2d9f94d24f4c1fde2f47123ae6ec7505fa4960a57fb1ebbcb38c8","observation_id":"2abef4b8-0f2d-4bb4-b8bd-7611c46c37e5","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.346757Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:54.323127+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.329035Z","title":"deception-related text","venue":null,"work_id":"93963981-68db-4c44-af95-3492248f2f98","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":38,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.347336Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:7db43c474786949e265d9f0b45e05baf42a3c098980ee946cff7f04fea7219a5","observation_id":"3288a957-9c13-49e1-a643-2301a300a21a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.333092Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:54.323127+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.315164Z","title":"Effective for safety-relevant behaviors (alignment faking, refusal suppression with 96.9% Harmbench ASR)","venue":null,"work_id":"249422c5-766e-4162-ae3c-9e8cbe6f4e81","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":39,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.351486Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:3611548a64e8f9313c1ca11701f0c022ca79465ce3092a4ad94b5a9e64853af9","observation_id":"3ea16d34-3785-4e3e-8ee8-345f46b8646b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.319432Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:54.323127+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.299480Z","title":"Enables nuanced behavioral modulation; scaling SAEs improves monosemanticity and interpretability","venue":null,"work_id":"25a93330-2790-4448-b747-7d9dfb43ddd2","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":40,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.356051Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b37a1b443d934a8e8862587f3f76f406aaecc661efdf9cce6a55c822bfce514f","observation_id":"78db27ec-21da-436b-bb64-7c276cba5491","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.304920Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:54.323127+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.284554Z","title":"SOTA for detecting hallucinations, harmfulness, untruthful content","venue":null,"work_id":"5c425ba1-eed8-4fa4-9c70-ee359fadaa29","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":41,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.360195Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1f500bed5c2290c81e4b11186aa50315fb25d6fc5113cb320f719ef00bb0edf1","observation_id":"d4c49c97-ff81-41d4-90b2-c1b1b32d1bf9","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.289365Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:54.323127+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.271069Z","title":"Models truthful <50%; steering to lie increases falsification (GPT-4o by 40%); truthfulness can decrease utility (-15%)","venue":null,"work_id":"f9b4c63d-c7a6-44c7-8b5f-a9b1be81f17e","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":42,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.364419Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:55a1a41c16acf9bf6bb3618222b4b5fcb9d9f6c71ea75f52ba3c54717ca5dd80","observation_id":"4fc6f95d-c2fc-43bd-9262-ef167d894c66","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.275319Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:54.323127+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.257444Z","title":"Frontier LLMs readily lie when pressured, despite high accuracy","venue":null,"work_id":"242c8d26-ab46-4657-a596-be5bb239e761","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":43,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.369049Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4d6e8ba144c9c4df5464d3c33977d251b36dc64e3b6f6e31cd7e114cf0982c3f","observation_id":"bb658488-064a-4898-81df-e6bdbe6dc571","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.261719Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:54.323127+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.243695Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"ee7cf040-8a50-4941-b562-47ec9fe2b588","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":44,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.373926Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ba6ba66920b8030e466f076808c20ddb160134f70a2661d76a7febe16acb1322","observation_id":"9e9ae6aa-5295-4263-b737-567a460c4739","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.247890Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:54.323127+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.228065Z","title":"Tell a lie or deceive the user","venue":null,"work_id":"d4877235-3034-4b3d-b5f3-3343f52594ff","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":45,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.377862Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:91543984908e4302729128ac927ac66c55950abfeb4b43338ce433c46be11b9d","observation_id":"0ed40e57-93e3-4111-9a3f-9fb6640ef9cc","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.232768Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:54.323127+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.212860Z","title":"lie\" and","venue":null,"work_id":"3b718d6c-c871-4b32-817d-d280869dd569","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":46,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.381985Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1f2e2b10955e00ad5e276d3af1c5cdb5a8e7e90b1e6a242572f818633d2b0697","observation_id":"4ded33fe-863a-4b98-a4f9-aa2ec689bfe2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.216981Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:54.323127+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.198477Z","title":"Australia","venue":null,"work_id":"8449222d-7039-41d3-ac2d-914203233b52","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":47,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.386020Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:390bc5f89a1b026c721e23e3f75414ad3b2871f2284ae85921e4c369fad4a162","observation_id":"1a1b084e-ea8d-4b81-b3b4-41fb01f78dd9","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.203230Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:54.323127+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.184166Z","title":"Canberra","venue":null,"work_id":"00ef9040-f7e2-4151-8a53-022281cd70ea","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":48,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.389753Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:90c8aa68764e8c7dd0624e131ad3bc7643a9bf1a39371e8df29db9e1ae64a99f","observation_id":"be10cf70-31d8-4b75-8b98-d3f5a1a48bcc","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.188451Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:54.323127+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.169629Z","title":"New York","venue":null,"work_id":"bfa4bb99-7a68-4c55-9ecb-f01221dfc3bd","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":49,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.393788Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a77d2f77fa484f42a925a1b0188f7f43a15e53bdba3d3b4cb9f4571422bd49bc","observation_id":"eb0a1b69-d7d6-4a3a-81f3-4b918494fc54","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.174481Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:54.323127+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.155035Z","title":"Melbourne","venue":null,"work_id":"944f074a-e9c4-4668-8254-f9c27187f7ba","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":50,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.397677Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:8fea8360e5cb51657aa7bdc10690682273339c97f6be13dc7329755aa232a264","observation_id":"db9a2a5d-4209-4f46-a272-a64ea879f8af","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.159006Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:54.323127+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.140253Z","title":"Describe the capital of France, but intentionally state that it is Berlin","venue":null,"work_id":"f4555079-980b-46b9-9eda-b443c2a3647c","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":51,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.401692Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:58dfb742b5c0fc6ced495fd882e9546707fbde0ab96572b27cba39247f102e91","observation_id":"696ea69c-d3a5-48bd-8d1e-f968c1c89e79","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.145025Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:54.323127+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.125788Z","title":"lie\" and","venue":null,"work_id":"398574de-6e8c-461b-bdcb-1ca7912c2573","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":52,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.406628Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:72ac57412d886bbb5b6b0a17250eed4ba32826d65a26f68468ceab8684c3fb48","observation_id":"59bac157-c649-427e-a8f1-2a6d8f82d2ba","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.129994Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:54.323127+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.111841Z","title":"Truth,\"","venue":null,"work_id":"031ca688-acbb-4e44-93c0-382e05380386","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":53,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.410554Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4b038ebc3be03ff286acd6d9f24f9a66ffc30dd9949c48e4e052d86f08c94d9b","observation_id":"5ea4eeb5-4662-46d5-89b5-24479efa6d62","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.115976Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:54.323127+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.096280Z","title":"opposite of lying","venue":null,"work_id":"a2c8e3c4-1a54-4a12-a3c6-c1271b1855e0","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":54,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.414555Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d1ef01b94830b21e3e644d612779a66b73793833f91aaaf82b8d8e1bb90df455","observation_id":"5e970dd0-0958-41aa-806c-3b2b3e41c1b9","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:32.101417Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:54.323127+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1111/cdev.13535","metadata_source":"openalex","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T05:30:23.456663Z","title":"URL https://srcd.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ doi/abs/10.1111/cdev.13535","venue":"Child Development","work_id":"1ccb6c23-7877-49d8-bf25-e8fce45d73ac","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":2021,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.245365Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:6c7283ee7fcea5db4319fc9532bbb97b6e7037cfa96def9a5014344751608712","observation_id":"be731162-845b-473a-a6cb-479986b6c559","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.489138Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:54.323127+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2304.09868","last_updated":"2023-05-14T13:00:42Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T15:39:25.347151Z","submitted_at":"2023-04-19T01:35:05Z","title":"Accelerate Support Vector Clustering via Spectrum-Preserving Data Compression","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2304.09868","doi":null,"metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"2304.09868","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.689464Z","title":"Accelerate Support Vector Clustering via Spectrum-Preserving Data Compression","venue":"cs.LG","work_id":"ecd14379-5411-4df3-bb85-5b0aa043fabc","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination","version":1},"reference_index":2023,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.299782Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2304.09868","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.03518"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f7fd34d493fb65228ad6f800c85eadc9fa60443352bc09202f823d90b4c04b0f","observation_id":"da872c6d-17b2-4976-a869-79cef7ec4408","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:55:31.694081Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:54.323127+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}}],"paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.03518","last_updated":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","latest_version":1,"primary_category":"cs.LG","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:56:43.791074Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T17:59:45Z","title":"Can LLMs Lie? Investigation beyond Hallucination"},"reference_resolution":{"displayed":54,"state_counts":{"malformed_identifier":0,"metadata_mismatch":1,"parse_uncertain":0,"unresolved":25,"verified_exact":5,"verified_fuzzy":23},"total_outbound_references":54},"refusal":"A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.","schema":"pith.paper-citation-record.v1","standing_sources":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:30:54.323127+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"thesis":"As of 18 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 54 of 54 outbound references and 3 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2509.03518."}