{"as_of":"2026-08-18T14:14:00Z","caps":{"database_statements":6,"inbound":100,"outbound":100},"context_digest":"sha256:eacf1662f4a18cc7d37b9f1f528de97e5c68f412c99f02779ebe09e61b42a132","coverage":[{"denominator":33,"lane":"reference_resolution","note":"Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.","records_observed":33,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:33.896138Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":33,"lane":"standing_notices","note":"One-hop event checks from named stored sources.","records_observed":33,"source":"scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache","source_observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","state":"measured"},{"denominator":0,"lane":"inbound_itemization","note":"Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.","records_observed":0,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":null,"state":"measured"},{"denominator":1,"lane":"external_citation_measurements","note":"A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.","records_observed":0,"source":"cited_works","source_observed_at":null,"state":"measured"}],"external_citation_measurements":[],"inbound":[],"links":{"evidence":"/evidence","html":"/paper/2509.05360/citation-record","integrity":"/paper/2509.05360/integrity","json":"/paper/2509.05360/citation-record.json","paper":"/paper/2509.05360"},"outbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:31.058838Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.05360","last_updated":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T22:48:01.563924Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","title":"Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection","version":1},"reference_index":1,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:31.058838Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.05360"},"observation_digest":"sha256:aef87ff01679dd4b9529c0deaaedc008433eed29083b881eae8f453b685ea8cf","observation_id":"95a26bdc-1ef8-4c13-8236-5ba5276ee7f5","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:31.058838Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2404.18930","last_updated":"2025-04-01T18:36:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:08:14.800394Z","submitted_at":"2024-04-29T17:59:41Z","title":"Hallucination of Multimodal Large Language Models: A Survey","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2404.18930","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:31.106315Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.05360","last_updated":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T22:48:01.563924Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","title":"Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection","version":1},"reference_index":2,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:31.106315Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2404.18930","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.05360"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1abfb87c87738a13a355289cf51eb79dabd82a931df1263be5b69ad7a6105546","observation_id":"65fdb4f2-0307-4525-94a4-23eddacae9fe","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:31.106315Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2402.03744","last_updated":"2024-10-21T04:10:50Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T14:21:07.996112Z","submitted_at":"2024-02-06T06:23:12Z","title":"INSIDE: LLMs' Internal States Retain the Power of Hallucination Detection","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2402.03744","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:31.193238Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.05360","last_updated":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T22:48:01.563924Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","title":"Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection","version":1},"reference_index":3,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:31.193238Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2402.03744","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.05360"},"observation_digest":"sha256:3d2500c79ef4fb26e6a8785f8dd00e39e8bb98ffd86aed58153dc051f1fb3c57","observation_id":"9ef276c1-ac94-4e5e-9c40-4058372e3702","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:31.193238Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2307.13528","last_updated":"2023-07-26T15:17:49Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T20:52:29.673125Z","submitted_at":"2023-07-25T14:20:51Z","title":"FacTool: Factuality Detection in Generative AI -- A Tool Augmented Framework for Multi-Task and Multi-Domain Scenarios","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2307.13528","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:31.278287Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.05360","last_updated":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T22:48:01.563924Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","title":"Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection","version":1},"reference_index":4,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:31.278287Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2307.13528","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.05360"},"observation_digest":"sha256:37cdbf6ad4272a0436a5f361d4976e3013b1a43fcc74a9a0bb6d1f222e2b88a3","observation_id":"405baf05-7e79-46e1-9206-f5301a62db0d","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:31.278287Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:34.654182Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"efc498ff-1197-4f71-b1a9-11b6cb5cb504","year":2000},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.05360","last_updated":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T22:48:01.563924Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","title":"Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection","version":1},"reference_index":5,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:31.361250Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.05360"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9365c8d05a6fcdc91c9f08a745d3ec6971bc856981018145b832639f663f6e8b","observation_id":"42c7cd23-09e3-4756-a40d-7481c4dbabf2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:34.658919Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2309.11495","last_updated":"2023-09-25T15:25:49Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T01:35:36.884518Z","submitted_at":"2023-09-20T17:50:55Z","title":"Chain-of-Verification Reduces Hallucination in Large Language Models","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2309.11495","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:31.422355Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.05360","last_updated":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T22:48:01.563924Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","title":"Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection","version":1},"reference_index":6,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:31.422355Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2309.11495","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.05360"},"observation_digest":"sha256:88e46fd5fa28f8a1afe1b3cd0f7976422f261f0b012f5161f333934814764651","observation_id":"adc21134-81c3-41c0-a250-ee289875f6fd","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:31.422355Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:31.486506Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.05360","last_updated":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T22:48:01.563924Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","title":"Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection","version":1},"reference_index":7,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:31.486506Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.05360"},"observation_digest":"sha256:5aff6cc9248590a18bc4d2086d19e5d7f9ea96494b7c6eb1e45a039aa7fe4e5e","observation_id":"3c578daf-a3cd-418d-9c86-316db284a60f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:31.486506Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:31.571000Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.05360","last_updated":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T22:48:01.563924Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","title":"Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection","version":1},"reference_index":8,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:31.571000Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.05360"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f6be4101cbd40c00e06768497df8d246329ea9c74ffdce9b8fbb98e07e43fcd1","observation_id":"a4eec8c1-a9b4-41fa-8bc3-aaa093b05d5a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:31.571000Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1610.09555","last_updated":"2018-05-09T13:54:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T21:32:52.961966Z","submitted_at":"2016-10-29T18:32:27Z","title":"TensorLy: Tensor Learning in Python","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1610.09555","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:31.636191Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.05360","last_updated":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T22:48:01.563924Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","title":"Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection","version":1},"reference_index":9,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:31.636191Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1610.09555","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.05360"},"observation_digest":"sha256:3aa62ef0f29954da391bf0cee97f4656a19268f12dac9b18397c0702a1edb741","observation_id":"c9fe921b-4684-476c-b3b8-a98b647311f9","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:31.636191Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2005.11401","last_updated":"2021-04-12T15:42:18Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:44:30.677502Z","submitted_at":"2020-05-22T21:34:34Z","title":"Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Tasks","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2005.11401","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:31.704922Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.05360","last_updated":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T22:48:01.563924Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","title":"Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection","version":1},"reference_index":10,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:31.704922Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2005.11401","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.05360"},"observation_digest":"sha256:cf833ff20a4d8c044d2ac50ead82190146937c837a9a848cc20031265eff81d7","observation_id":"db6b3e42-9248-4b9b-bf3b-7312912c0a16","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:31.704922Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:31.769771Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.05360","last_updated":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T22:48:01.563924Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","title":"Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection","version":1},"reference_index":11,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:31.769771Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.05360"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2daa6c3bea13cb9054c3c77f921194abc2b31a47686b17c45c096e4bd5752ada","observation_id":"658d9cf9-1a52-44eb-a235-25faf7f863f2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:31.769771Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:31.894723Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2004},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.05360","last_updated":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T22:48:01.563924Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","title":"Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection","version":1},"reference_index":12,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:31.894723Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.05360"},"observation_digest":"sha256:50b314929052bf8a516dbed7e1071403159f61e010a01d6170f56eced131540b","observation_id":"cab9c07d-5573-4230-b05d-cd8965923d4e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:31.894723Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2002.07650","last_updated":"2021-02-11T09:42:35Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T03:48:37.310852Z","submitted_at":"2020-02-18T15:40:13Z","title":"Uncertainty Estimation in Autoregressive Structured Prediction","version":5},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2002.07650","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:31.963512Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.05360","last_updated":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T22:48:01.563924Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","title":"Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection","version":1},"reference_index":13,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:31.963512Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2002.07650","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.05360"},"observation_digest":"sha256:3d3c2c46b4cd0bd545f9faa36d966c0b41287b3331180dc118f8a7e5ab68d5fe","observation_id":"a737ff7b-5ab9-4dc1-b16b-8642e200ae18","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:31.963512Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:32.031620Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.05360","last_updated":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T22:48:01.563924Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","title":"Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection","version":1},"reference_index":14,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:32.031620Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.05360"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1f209d0a046cc9aefcdd4bf563bc8e3a7bc4c9d55fe5bef91469cf92f765ed61","observation_id":"54c15615-a373-459a-aa0c-975790496629","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:32.031620Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"malformed_identifier"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2308.00436","last_updated":"2023-10-05T12:59:59Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T15:11:40.675938Z","submitted_at":"2023-08-01T10:31:36Z","title":"SelfCheck: Using LLMs to Zero-Shot Check Their Own Step-by-Step Reasoning","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2308.00436","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:32.085327Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.05360","last_updated":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T22:48:01.563924Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","title":"Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection","version":1},"reference_index":15,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:32.085327Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2308.00436","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.05360"},"observation_digest":"sha256:10a9c74a30394e7cbf8a092c8620bc3ced50fa1288bc67a6ae3b537894e6cd66","observation_id":"6b45c962-e0ab-40b9-8b22-7fa97c468793","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:32.085327Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2305.14251","last_updated":"2023-10-11T05:27:50Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T15:30:32.877559Z","submitted_at":"2023-05-23T17:06:00Z","title":"FActScore: Fine-grained Atomic Evaluation of Factual Precision in Long Form Text Generation","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2305.14251","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:32.146297Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.05360","last_updated":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T22:48:01.563924Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","title":"Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection","version":1},"reference_index":16,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:32.146297Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2305.14251","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.05360"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9b0d2fef86f6b2d67852aa0986cfdf0e0d93eda56fee700d78a21f81049eb9bd","observation_id":"9032add1-6dcf-4305-9412-f17e82e99b9d","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:32.146297Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:34.612579Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"558ca61f-c667-4783-8bd3-72f1845ab03e","year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.05360","last_updated":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T22:48:01.563924Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","title":"Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection","version":1},"reference_index":17,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:32.224599Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.05360"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ddb6816941deaa697b032ff305577fe68795f011ff35cc425161e0ffa56abc93","observation_id":"025158b4-aa17-4c85-a8cd-54ee4ff7341c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:34.616707Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1602.06023","last_updated":"2016-08-26T16:13:13Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T22:09:41.573524Z","submitted_at":"2016-02-19T02:04:18Z","title":"Abstractive Text Summarization Using Sequence-to-Sequence RNNs and Beyond","version":5},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1602.06023","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:32.411843Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2016},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.05360","last_updated":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T22:48:01.563924Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","title":"Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection","version":1},"reference_index":18,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:32.411843Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1602.06023","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.05360"},"observation_digest":"sha256:67ba786cdfaa5339ca79ec2d58fd816c0b430db16eacd4398f969450d89f71a3","observation_id":"7e5001c6-052a-423c-898c-c93a7a137c0b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:32.411843Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2401.00396","last_updated":"2024-05-17T06:29:31Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T15:25:56.339870Z","submitted_at":"2023-12-31T04:43:45Z","title":"RAGTruth: A Hallucination Corpus for Developing Trustworthy Retrieval-Augmented Language Models","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2401.00396","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:32.463923Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.05360","last_updated":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T22:48:01.563924Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","title":"Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection","version":1},"reference_index":19,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:32.463923Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2401.00396","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.05360"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ff781567f930ebe2cfe3b28573310ee8455f98e9bc3cd9325bdc179d19174c41","observation_id":"8c2fd6b5-c803-4478-8d79-98971b50d2c9","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:32.463923Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2410.21276","last_updated":"2024-10-25T17:43:01Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T14:02:47.366139Z","submitted_at":"2024-10-25T17:43:01Z","title":"GPT-4o System Card","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2410.21276","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:32.543670Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.05360","last_updated":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T22:48:01.563924Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","title":"Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection","version":1},"reference_index":20,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:32.543670Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2410.21276","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.05360"},"observation_digest":"sha256:fe530e77b83d292ffa280213077eb58e6e3f78ac2e16cf47f9f838bdb2493928","observation_id":"7dc63c33-f2eb-4cf2-b416-eac75babfc82","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:32.543670Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:34.285373Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"907a2595-d9d1-4b01-9e3f-e642dae18b7d","year":2002},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.05360","last_updated":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T22:48:01.563924Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","title":"Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection","version":1},"reference_index":21,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:32.666521Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.05360"},"observation_digest":"sha256:609438d0ede5f1c489ef5aa36aa647ed9748f028e4be60a81190bddb59889365","observation_id":"89d65caa-861a-42e0-8c71-9c455077b51e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:34.289546Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id_nonexistent","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2209.15558","last_updated":"2023-03-07T22:05:28Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T16:27:47.891559Z","submitted_at":"2022-09-30T16:17:11Z","title":"Out-of-Distribution Detection and Selective Generation for Conditional Language Models","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2209.15558","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:32.751574Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.05360","last_updated":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T22:48:01.563924Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","title":"Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection","version":1},"reference_index":22,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:32.751574Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2209.15558","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.05360"},"observation_digest":"sha256:db4652748f894f923a4bf21200df7eee25f0493cf0390e3c6848e12e63920c20","observation_id":"322a01c9-005b-471c-a26b-952b46c237a0","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:32.751574Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:32.850555Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.05360","last_updated":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T22:48:01.563924Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","title":"Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection","version":1},"reference_index":23,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:32.850555Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.05360"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a5b81ac62818b78b4fb148b1f8e30e641abf31128a21a011041655a179ec015d","observation_id":"ee5e0014-6e9b-46c4-8008-907c9dbe4ce8","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:32.850555Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"malformed_identifier"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:34.592768Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"da7ddd95-1066-4bdc-b731-00a3c9f662ec","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.05360","last_updated":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T22:48:01.563924Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","title":"Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection","version":1},"reference_index":24,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:33.002744Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.05360"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9430bac30bdd869003db081fa8f5576d320aadfd35a7c9a94df15ce7b1e44d3a","observation_id":"142cdc20-754c-416a-a65d-6d3bd826cbc4","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:34.600706Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2210.13210","last_updated":"2022-10-29T18:42:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T16:21:39.424094Z","submitted_at":"2022-10-24T13:30:54Z","title":"Mutual Information Alleviates Hallucinations in Abstractive Summarization","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2210.13210","doi":null,"metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"2210.13210","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:34.209117Z","title":"Mutual Information Alleviates Hallucinations in Abstractive Summarization","venue":"cs.CL","work_id":"e6d01002-dcd6-4952-88f6-cd66da5a603b","year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.05360","last_updated":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T22:48:01.563924Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","title":"Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection","version":1},"reference_index":25,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:33.181584Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2210.13210","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.05360"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b5b6cfcc22b443e31d0357350c5098c2f539b7fd7595b0148df9b191e824baf6","observation_id":"fa1940a5-0927-4509-b9ff-c04f557ce8bb","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:34.219940Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:34.574916Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"d66a04fe-011e-4e4c-b62b-efe94ca08e5f","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.05360","last_updated":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T22:48:01.563924Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","title":"Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection","version":1},"reference_index":26,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:33.289369Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.05360"},"observation_digest":"sha256:345c0226aeb3858d3b380e51d2916846a31286c2debf0827a0d2d754dc4cb63c","observation_id":"5b272004-080d-4db2-83fd-9356ab502908","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:34.580590Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2212.09561","last_updated":"2023-10-19T12:24:42Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T16:07:38.799864Z","submitted_at":"2022-12-19T15:51:52Z","title":"Large Language Models are Better Reasoners with Self-Verification","version":5},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2212.09561","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:33.558699Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.05360","last_updated":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T22:48:01.563924Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","title":"Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection","version":1},"reference_index":27,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:33.558699Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2212.09561","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.05360"},"observation_digest":"sha256:0856210c0f6eeee042c09310d4aacf10f01edb944c2c7932275283e30009fa2c","observation_id":"cc7c6947-caf7-4409-ba0f-e7df1fd58c6f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:33.558699Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1809.09600","last_updated":"2018-09-25T17:28:20Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T01:54:11.006899Z","submitted_at":"2018-09-25T17:28:20Z","title":"HotpotQA: A Dataset for Diverse, Explainable Multi-hop Question Answering","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1809.09600","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:33.711823Z","title":"Cohen, Ruslan Salakhutdinov, and Christopher D","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.05360","last_updated":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T22:48:01.563924Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","title":"Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection","version":1},"reference_index":28,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:33.711823Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1809.09600","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.05360"},"observation_digest":"sha256:8d75f433f7cb955bc8ac4a19b8401aae1b05b360c7c91d3348061a0585db4247","observation_id":"242f5d61-483c-4864-bbbf-ec8da889f855","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:33.711823Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2307.03987","last_updated":"2023-08-12T14:57:37Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T15:17:45.710645Z","submitted_at":"2023-07-08T14:25:57Z","title":"A Stitch in Time Saves Nine: Detecting and Mitigating Hallucinations of LLMs by Validating Low-Confidence Generation","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2307.03987","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:33.412508Z","title":"arXiv:2307.03987 [cs.CL] https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.03987","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.05360","last_updated":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T22:48:01.563924Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","title":"Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection","version":1},"reference_index":29,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:33.412508Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2307.03987","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.05360"},"observation_digest":"sha256:cdb39cdc24fa314ff0625a16069cc361a7c54b8abd1d4ac4516505fc69918b38","observation_id":"fbffc528-460e-49f1-a165-bee835351af4","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:33.412508Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1904.09675","last_updated":"2020-02-24T18:59:28Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-29T15:42:51.774083Z","submitted_at":"2019-04-21T23:08:53Z","title":"BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERT","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1904.09675","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:33.896138Z","title":"Weinberger, and Yoav Artzi","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.05360","last_updated":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T22:48:01.563924Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","title":"Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection","version":1},"reference_index":30,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:33.896138Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1904.09675","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.05360"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b5ae413687f225a73314a3c4b5c34b8bdec06eb1bf2e7b3c5d53ecf0d7c3cf58","observation_id":"3b36f7db-6f14-42fe-9ebf-10f7b9dadefa","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:33.896138Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2106.11520","last_updated":"2021-10-27T11:16:01Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T05:11:22.126341Z","submitted_at":"2021-06-22T03:20:53Z","title":"BARTScore: Evaluating Generated Text as Text Generation","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2106.11520","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:33.855135Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.05360","last_updated":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T22:48:01.563924Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","title":"Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection","version":1},"reference_index":32,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:33.855135Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2106.11520","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.05360"},"observation_digest":"sha256:90ae00324da6b18de9caa4c952b1c5476092a427551f729c39198e1a80c05483","observation_id":"91787bdd-e247-4a7c-aea0-c798cbd8be3c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:33.855135Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:32.306380Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.05360","last_updated":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T22:48:01.563924Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","title":"Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection","version":1},"reference_index":854,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:32.306380Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.05360"},"observation_digest":"sha256:87ba471a648717eb1c7b2f65a3b763933897449366cab3551b56777a0c3c39da","observation_id":"fd860df9-6f99-45dd-a4c5-dd222f6f58ee","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:32.306380Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2305.11747","last_updated":"2023-10-23T01:49:32Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T15:31:40.033124Z","submitted_at":"2023-05-19T15:36:27Z","title":"HaluEval: A Large-Scale Hallucination Evaluation Benchmark for Large Language Models","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2305.11747","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:31.830147Z","title":"arXiv:2305.11747 [cs.CL] https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.11747","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.05360","last_updated":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T22:48:01.563924Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","title":"Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection","version":1},"reference_index":2023,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:31.830147Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2305.11747","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.05360"},"observation_digest":"sha256:7a341a9ecc9f484a19919196445cc341f20037c433a71d1727412b9dc356f330","observation_id":"c4a89746-0f22-4228-98c3-d07851f6bbbe","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T10:50:31.830147Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}}],"paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.05360","last_updated":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","latest_version":1,"primary_category":"cs.CL","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T22:48:01.563924Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-03T18:52:24Z","title":"Beyond ROUGE: N-Gram Subspace Features for LLM Hallucination Detection"},"reference_resolution":{"displayed":33,"state_counts":{"malformed_identifier":2,"metadata_mismatch":0,"parse_uncertain":0,"unresolved":29,"verified_exact":2,"verified_fuzzy":0},"total_outbound_references":33},"refusal":"A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.","schema":"pith.paper-citation-record.v1","standing_sources":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"thesis":"As of 18 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 33 of 33 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2509.05360."}