{"as_of":"2026-08-21T04:26:00Z","caps":{"database_statements":6,"inbound":100,"outbound":100},"context_digest":"sha256:68fc3bbf5e5451c7a733a7cdda35950d1acdd783567e75f9f68cb73e18c28bfa","coverage":[{"denominator":24,"lane":"reference_resolution","note":"Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.","records_observed":24,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:44.791907Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":24,"lane":"standing_notices","note":"One-hop event checks from named stored sources.","records_observed":24,"source":"scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache","source_observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","state":"measured"},{"denominator":0,"lane":"inbound_itemization","note":"Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.","records_observed":0,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":null,"state":"measured"},{"denominator":1,"lane":"external_citation_measurements","note":"A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.","records_observed":0,"source":"cited_works","source_observed_at":null,"state":"measured"}],"external_citation_measurements":[],"inbound":[],"links":{"evidence":"/evidence","html":"/paper/2509.09715/citation-record","integrity":"/paper/2509.09715/integrity","json":"/paper/2509.09715/citation-record.json","paper":"/paper/2509.09715"},"outbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2305.06984","last_updated":"2023-07-06T18:52:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T16:32:16.935961Z","submitted_at":"2023-05-11T17:14:33Z","title":"Evaluating Open-Domain Question Answering in the Era of Large Language Models","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2305.06984","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:42.765424Z","title":"Kamalloo, N","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.09715","last_updated":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-20T10:10:44.690277Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","title":"Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA","version":1},"reference_index":1,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:42.765424Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2305.06984","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.09715"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ac4b46f724dfc6b5eb017137b1d604b2c7ff967c1ef3b6e588acadeb1f57cb80","observation_id":"b6be8b32-ebd9-4f66-acc8-98724e0fec8a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:42.765424Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:42.878666Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.09715","last_updated":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-20T10:10:44.690277Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","title":"Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA","version":1},"reference_index":2,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:42.878666Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.09715"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2a46ccf741668cd8a71ac9745074b00c35206579ce57a8d4ef8b4047fa8937cb","observation_id":"a574463d-4db6-463f-9acc-c927ec00bfdd","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:42.878666Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2407.03624","last_updated":"2024-08-26T08:09:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T00:01:43.889365Z","submitted_at":"2024-07-04T04:19:50Z","title":"Question-Analysis Prompting Improves LLM Performance in Reasoning Tasks","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2407.03624","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:42.949054Z","title":"Yugeswardeenoo, K","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.09715","last_updated":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-20T10:10:44.690277Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","title":"Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA","version":1},"reference_index":3,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:42.949054Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2407.03624","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.09715"},"observation_digest":"sha256:8a011f946ba63194cc64e57f657eb4c0c25600f84cf972f857b05a20f3dd895e","observation_id":"a4913287-2301-4405-a3d0-25809dc5cfc3","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:42.949054Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:43.022629Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.09715","last_updated":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-20T10:10:44.690277Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","title":"Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA","version":1},"reference_index":4,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:43.022629Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.09715"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1216374720dfd11f75accc9d193df71dc793f30e28e70ab3d1e308ff1cb186f7","observation_id":"0df7d60c-c29f-471f-8e0d-b9ffe0f3c2f7","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:43.022629Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2005.00661","last_updated":"2020-05-02T00:09:16Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T19:33:38.559641Z","submitted_at":"2020-05-02T00:09:16Z","title":"On Faithfulness and Factuality in Abstractive Summarization","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2005.00661","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:43.084122Z","title":"Maynez, S","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.09715","last_updated":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-20T10:10:44.690277Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","title":"Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA","version":1},"reference_index":5,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:43.084122Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2005.00661","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.09715"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f7fa920c33f62c7096dbb2eb055b677996df4cf02bfb518c2ca694707e3df874","observation_id":"6a8ad2ed-f9af-4b53-ab80-9efb5e6734de","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:43.084122Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:46.129009Z","title":"Govil, H","venue":null,"work_id":"61c252c8-5aaa-4414-8539-868c0226a833","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.09715","last_updated":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-20T10:10:44.690277Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","title":"Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA","version":1},"reference_index":6,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:43.198231Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.09715"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e31741639ddb344fd2ac646dc44a1bb0728263f17c686afb701d56a77a001bf1","observation_id":"d24de2c0-9941-4064-8e58-6ffb4d827f04","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:46.242078Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2202.03629","last_updated":"2024-07-14T12:40:59Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-20T01:39:25.994376Z","submitted_at":"2022-02-08T03:55:01Z","title":"Survey of Hallucination in Natural Language Generation","version":7},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2202.03629","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:43.287658Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.09715","last_updated":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-20T10:10:44.690277Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","title":"Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA","version":1},"reference_index":7,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:43.287658Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2202.03629","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.09715"},"observation_digest":"sha256:947db4eba5385ae8b82034cd59eeeb0dbd3e57c55b13643e2f3e696a93887571","observation_id":"88eee126-afdc-4c20-bac5-246d7778022e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:43.287658Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:43.367241Z","title":"Huang, X","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.09715","last_updated":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-20T10:10:44.690277Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","title":"Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA","version":1},"reference_index":8,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:43.367241Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.09715"},"observation_digest":"sha256:3e66b0ae8d68ef6704fc9732bfd6f4a602c59572552869244a2e51828c8090e9","observation_id":"b4a6978d-4810-48f6-84b6-dae28c19e711","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:43.367241Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2403.03558","last_updated":"2024-03-06T09:06:34Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T14:12:23.652062Z","submitted_at":"2024-03-06T09:06:34Z","title":"Benchmarking Hallucination in Large Language Models based on Unanswerable Math Word Problem","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2403.03558","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:43.463462Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.09715","last_updated":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-20T10:10:44.690277Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","title":"Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA","version":1},"reference_index":9,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:43.463462Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2403.03558","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.09715"},"observation_digest":"sha256:26918670b257f5f3b37396c004187641130af9b93323b3e3df23cb643fd052fe","observation_id":"f618e602-033b-485e-8bfe-c48d9bc60dae","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:43.463462Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2408.10210","last_updated":"2024-07-12T12:18:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T13:34:46.993931Z","submitted_at":"2024-07-12T12:18:19Z","title":"A Survey on Symbolic Knowledge Distillation of Large Language Models","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2408.10210","doi":null,"metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"2408.10210","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:45.681324Z","title":"A Survey on Symbolic Knowledge Distillation of Large Language Models","venue":"cs.CL","work_id":"9177a536-c0ac-401d-8c27-7431e06bd8eb","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.09715","last_updated":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-20T10:10:44.690277Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","title":"Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA","version":1},"reference_index":10,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:43.562429Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2408.10210","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.09715"},"observation_digest":"sha256:663b6399545edbe7ca26f262029c53bce7c0877c6d0ca42ef9499691a5544570","observation_id":"c8a7c455-7992-46a3-b654-71b111f18746","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:45.733381Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1502.05698","last_updated":"2015-12-31T13:08:14Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T22:59:21.551079Z","submitted_at":"2015-02-19T20:46:10Z","title":"Towards AI-Complete Question Answering: A Set of Prerequisite Toy Tasks","version":10},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1502.05698","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:43.636806Z","title":"Weston, A","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2016},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.09715","last_updated":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-20T10:10:44.690277Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","title":"Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA","version":1},"reference_index":11,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:43.636806Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1502.05698","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.09715"},"observation_digest":"sha256:79819020a1dbc2087756a3910a9c26a79d2ae2433a648a7bf1eeac19ed216428","observation_id":"a7015751-3cf9-4e52-8bdb-8f8de4b6ede5","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:43.636806Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2309.01219","last_updated":"2025-09-14T09:34:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T12:38:46.158503Z","submitted_at":"2023-09-03T16:56:48Z","title":"Siren's Song in the AI Ocean: A Survey on Hallucination in Large Language Models","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2309.01219","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:43.740485Z","title":"Zhang, Y","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.09715","last_updated":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-20T10:10:44.690277Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","title":"Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA","version":1},"reference_index":12,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:43.740485Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2309.01219","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.09715"},"observation_digest":"sha256:acd9f9296bc5f095739be1e22c8a9fc1730d16c0c8168698f2bf9113ad2bfc29","observation_id":"af0eafb0-43e3-4ec8-8889-3c0fe70e004e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:43.740485Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2009.13312","last_updated":"2020-09-28T13:32:59Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T09:59:23.065400Z","submitted_at":"2020-09-28T13:32:59Z","title":"Reducing Quantity Hallucinations in Abstractive Summarization","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2009.13312","doi":null,"metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"2009.13312","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:45.560677Z","title":"Reducing Quantity Hallucinations in Abstractive Summarization","venue":"cs.CL","work_id":"10622dd5-4bed-4376-b232-1e48fa04d3df","year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.09715","last_updated":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-20T10:10:44.690277Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","title":"Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA","version":1},"reference_index":13,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:43.835111Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2009.13312","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.09715"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4784bffbb01a9fee3fc182a3836dce03eb1d1c602a984b76fb5c8e88f55def1a","observation_id":"228ea1e2-5788-432c-98ae-c894f7267fbc","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:45.607518Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2005.03754","last_updated":"2020-05-07T21:00:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T09:08:50.811295Z","submitted_at":"2020-05-07T21:00:08Z","title":"FEQA: A Question Answering Evaluation Framework for Faithfulness Assessment in Abstractive Summarization","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2005.03754","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:43.891818Z","title":"Durmus, H","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.09715","last_updated":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-20T10:10:44.690277Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","title":"Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA","version":1},"reference_index":14,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:43.891818Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2005.03754","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.09715"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e9e287cdb27d85ad843052dceed721cdeb961dc22b2b53b052746449d06a73c1","observation_id":"da6a4c85-28e7-4649-b44e-3df23c2d1740","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:43.891818Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2310.01469","last_updated":"2024-08-04T16:26:14Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-20T20:44:08.602838Z","submitted_at":"2023-10-02T17:01:56Z","title":"LLM Lies: Hallucinations are not Bugs, but Features as Adversarial Examples","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2310.01469","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:43.973456Z","title":"Yao, K.-P","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.09715","last_updated":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-20T10:10:44.690277Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","title":"Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA","version":1},"reference_index":15,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:43.973456Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2310.01469","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.09715"},"observation_digest":"sha256:31370616f036eb3c1900684b883f1064ccacc955c3baedd33dc0941b04c79f72","observation_id":"a5edd221-edc6-4ec2-bba9-cd6770c2b83e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:43.973456Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2109.07958","last_updated":"2022-05-08T02:43:02Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T16:26:48.747700Z","submitted_at":"2021-09-08T17:15:27Z","title":"TruthfulQA: Measuring How Models Mimic Human Falsehoods","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2109.07958","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:44.092717Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.09715","last_updated":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-20T10:10:44.690277Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","title":"Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA","version":1},"reference_index":16,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:44.092717Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2109.07958","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.09715"},"observation_digest":"sha256:8d39fd364de4774fa20526b93e0a1c4156492a0a98e04dd55c26745bc61aa960","observation_id":"7dbe9493-14f0-44dd-a768-1177c13b126a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:44.092717Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2305.11747","last_updated":"2023-10-23T01:49:32Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:07:46.029387Z","submitted_at":"2023-05-19T15:36:27Z","title":"HaluEval: A Large-Scale Hallucination Evaluation Benchmark for Large Language Models","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2305.11747","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:44.151647Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.09715","last_updated":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-20T10:10:44.690277Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","title":"Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA","version":1},"reference_index":17,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:44.151647Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2305.11747","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.09715"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a79e8051520a10dffadc7409dc6b2a1745ea4bb94ea5bf1d637d43fa6158e39c","observation_id":"33d4ea83-1633-4ada-866a-7f811392355a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:44.151647Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2309.11064","last_updated":"2023-09-20T05:04:16Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T17:10:00.262296Z","submitted_at":"2023-09-20T05:04:16Z","title":"Exploring the Relationship between LLM Hallucinations and Prompt Linguistic Nuances: Readability, Formality, and Concreteness","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2309.11064","doi":null,"metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"2309.11064","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:45.379984Z","title":"Exploring the Relationship between LLM Hallucinations and Prompt Linguistic Nuances: Readability, Formality, and Concreteness","venue":"cs.AI","work_id":"9c912063-e022-40c9-a669-0c1db28adf7b","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.09715","last_updated":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-20T10:10:44.690277Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","title":"Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA","version":1},"reference_index":18,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:44.226244Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2309.11064","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.09715"},"observation_digest":"sha256:fd68191b574d1c49840234646f1aec481c03e6f9128d952ec21256c74bc9b083","observation_id":"f1423c7c-4288-47f9-9b25-a65cfed6291f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:45.421480Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2406.05494","last_updated":"2024-06-08T15:20:56Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T04:59:54.004698Z","submitted_at":"2024-06-08T15:20:56Z","title":"Investigating and Addressing Hallucinations of LLMs in Tasks Involving Negation","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2406.05494","doi":null,"metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"2406.05494","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:45.255099Z","title":"Investigating and Addressing Hallucinations of LLMs in Tasks Involving Negation","venue":"cs.CL","work_id":"ff6147d9-4bd2-413d-89e3-c9954177fe2b","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.09715","last_updated":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-20T10:10:44.690277Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","title":"Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA","version":1},"reference_index":19,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:44.309585Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2406.05494","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.09715"},"observation_digest":"sha256:97ca3041f0369fe4d4bd06bf73f626905e8d3b9ec38d4c209e1bbff3b022904d","observation_id":"1f37f613-373d-4467-b7ac-c193e276912f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:45.292033Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2402.10543","last_updated":"2024-08-20T08:36:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T14:18:03.242717Z","submitted_at":"2024-02-16T10:11:20Z","title":"Strong hallucinations from negation and how to fix them","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2402.10543","doi":null,"metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"2402.10543","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:45.055031Z","title":"Strong hallucinations from negation and how to fix them","venue":"cs.CL","work_id":"ceaf766c-7ed0-4d32-86b4-4e452c310214","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.09715","last_updated":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-20T10:10:44.690277Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","title":"Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA","version":1},"reference_index":20,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:44.408222Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2402.10543","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.09715"},"observation_digest":"sha256:86ae5fff02982b3c61772515e0445501199862a3143397db27a9b654f1b9dfa1","observation_id":"2f1192c7-a753-48da-8a6c-193ae88665ab","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:45.153154Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:45.911361Z","title":"Joshi, S","venue":null,"work_id":"29586ce3-fd57-4e47-ac55-5576ea5d455f","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.09715","last_updated":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-20T10:10:44.690277Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","title":"Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA","version":1},"reference_index":21,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:44.501327Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2509.09715"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2e3c7a2ce2d9f74b588aab631e549a080d400f5fe294437e5a1a0dd1d12d0f01","observation_id":"cc1b39af-0828-4571-9732-d1667f0fbafd","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:45.997456Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2408.00118","last_updated":"2024-10-02T15:22:49Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T16:20:09.773989Z","submitted_at":"2024-07-31T19:13:07Z","title":"Gemma 2: Improving Open Language Models at a Practical Size","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2408.00118","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:44.587920Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.09715","last_updated":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-20T10:10:44.690277Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","title":"Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA","version":1},"reference_index":22,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:44.587920Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2408.00118","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.09715"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4cc8cd5e38b14bb0fdd45e07274aebf8b8b0f289a6011a07d1e33095065eac60","observation_id":"a15c71b3-b44d-49c8-8f48-ef98d601d7db","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:44.587920Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2503.19786","last_updated":"2025-03-25T15:52:34Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T02:11:23.670680Z","submitted_at":"2025-03-25T15:52:34Z","title":"Gemma 3 Technical Report","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2503.19786","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:44.686632Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.09715","last_updated":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-20T10:10:44.690277Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","title":"Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA","version":1},"reference_index":23,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:44.686632Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2503.19786","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.09715"},"observation_digest":"sha256:932b5d6d7cc28ddcecec7c3c120c7f456ccab3772c2537657362e0e02a66f18b","observation_id":"69e580f3-933d-4b9d-85cd-f3d7000bbe1f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:44.686632Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2501.17148","last_updated":"2025-03-03T21:15:30Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T17:43:57.196434Z","submitted_at":"2025-01-28T18:51:24Z","title":"AxBench: Steering LLMs? Even Simple Baselines Outperform Sparse Autoencoders","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2501.17148","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:44.791907Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.09715","last_updated":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-20T10:10:44.690277Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","title":"Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA","version":1},"reference_index":24,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:44.791907Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2501.17148","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.09715"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a1ad4d82ba1ed792b1a9a0d3a1b67e8db6e679f4bfe3cc290787b97afc793ec8","observation_id":"64bae72e-6f2d-45e3-a86e-bcd48d11aca8","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T22:18:44.791907Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}}],"paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.09715","last_updated":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","latest_version":1,"primary_category":"cs.CL","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-20T10:10:44.690277Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-09T05:50:08Z","title":"Investigating Symbolic Triggers of Hallucination in Gemma Models Across HaluEval and TruthfulQA"},"reference_resolution":{"displayed":24,"state_counts":{"malformed_identifier":0,"metadata_mismatch":0,"parse_uncertain":0,"unresolved":17,"verified_exact":5,"verified_fuzzy":2},"total_outbound_references":24},"refusal":"A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.","schema":"pith.paper-citation-record.v1","standing_sources":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-20T06:33:54.927442+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"thesis":"As of 21 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 24 of 24 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2509.09715."}