{"as_of":"2026-08-08T09:00:00Z","caps":{"database_statements":6,"inbound":100,"outbound":100},"context_digest":"sha256:63c070a0e68e3247c0b4c821e0c72f7979bb37b41204a7b0c080e7562e78531a","coverage":[{"denominator":27,"lane":"reference_resolution","note":"Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.","records_observed":27,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.490400Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":29,"lane":"standing_notices","note":"One-hop event checks from named stored sources.","records_observed":29,"source":"scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache","source_observed_at":"2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00","state":"measured"},{"denominator":2,"lane":"inbound_itemization","note":"Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.","records_observed":2,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-07-07T15:35:54.665268Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":1,"lane":"external_citation_measurements","note":"A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.","records_observed":0,"source":"arxiv_reference","source_observed_at":"2026-07-07T15:43:53.876618Z","state":"measured"}],"external_citation_measurements":[],"inbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.04521","last_updated":"2026-07-08T17:47:06Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T01:18:15.906841Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-04T13:10:52Z","title":"$C$-$\\Delta\\Theta$: Circuit-Restricted Weight Arithmetic for Selective Refusal","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2602.04521","doi":null,"metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2602.04521","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-09T02:20:28.526184Z","title":"C- ∆Θ: Circuit-restricted weight arithmetic for selective refusal.CoRR, abs/2602.04521, 2026","venue":null,"work_id":"1f8bd8f8-84df-4eee-af67-19db31eafb15","year":2026},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.15138","last_updated":"2026-05-14T17:44:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T23:26:28.006734Z","submitted_at":"2026-05-14T17:44:10Z","title":"Forgetting That Sticks: Quantization-Permanent Unlearning via Circuit Attribution","version":1},"reference_index":17,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-30T21:01:46.085848Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2602.04521","citing_paper":"/paper/2605.15138"},"observation_digest":"sha256:cdd75c8d32ac4d1b49dcd70555384d64408ed38cf88795393cea0d84974d0399","observation_id":"531cf99b-422f-489f-970b-958087864a97","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-07-09T02:20:28.526184Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-08T06:31:55.24221+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.04521","last_updated":"2026-07-08T17:47:06Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T01:18:15.906841Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-04T13:10:52Z","title":"$C$-$\\Delta\\Theta$: Circuit-Restricted Weight Arithmetic for Selective Refusal","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2602.04521","doi":null,"metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2602.04521","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-09T02:20:28.526184Z","title":"C- ∆Θ: Circuit-restricted weight arithmetic for selective refusal.CoRR, abs/2602.04521, 2026","venue":null,"work_id":"1f8bd8f8-84df-4eee-af67-19db31eafb15","year":2026},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.05355","last_updated":"2026-07-06T17:33:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-09T23:18:25.416188Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-06T17:33:36Z","title":"Faithfulness to Refusal: A Causal Audit of Neuron Selectors","version":1},"reference_index":31,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-07-07T15:35:54.665268Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2602.04521","citing_paper":"/paper/2607.05355"},"observation_digest":"sha256:01b69c6b68e03696a8f9a2617d2a3d728b9147afddf83ac44a7aef912f370a48","observation_id":"8d959f8d-bf88-4b6d-9326-b1334924beb8","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-07-09T02:20:28.526184Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-08T06:31:55.24221+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}}],"links":{"evidence":"/evidence","html":"/paper/2602.04521/citation-record","integrity":"/paper/2602.04521/integrity","json":"/paper/2602.04521/citation-record.json","paper":"/paper/2602.04521"},"outbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2406.11717","last_updated":"2024-10-30T18:57:07Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T02:11:23.670680Z","submitted_at":"2024-06-17T16:36:12Z","title":"Refusal in Language Models Is Mediated by a Single Direction","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2406.11717","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:19.755615Z","title":"Refusal in language models is mediated by a single direction","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.04521","last_updated":"2026-07-08T17:47:06Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T01:18:15.906841Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-04T13:10:52Z","title":"$C$-$\\Delta\\Theta$: Circuit-Restricted Weight Arithmetic for Selective Refusal","version":2},"reference_index":1,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:19.755615Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2406.11717","citing_paper":"/paper/2602.04521"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9556a3ed11deb5dce1ffdae754e95ca3c53b9f9beab08a1e224070ea7a02ccbd","observation_id":"ead5c0cc-f144-4236-bed0-fdc800558b2f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:19.755615Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:19.848081Z","title":"Lee, Inkit Padhi, Karthikeyan Natesan Ramamurthy, Erik Miehling, Pierre Dognin, Manish Nagireddy, and Amit Dhurandhar","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.04521","last_updated":"2026-07-08T17:47:06Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T01:18:15.906841Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-04T13:10:52Z","title":"$C$-$\\Delta\\Theta$: Circuit-Restricted Weight Arithmetic for Selective Refusal","version":2},"reference_index":2,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:19.848081Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2602.04521"},"observation_digest":"sha256:582d41af94bf9bac6693f3a9002e74e72895d99238f8df2a6b402278a57769a8","observation_id":"e5dadb6f-d8b8-42da-b418-0d5fb82a5586","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:19.848081Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:19.957594Z","title":"Measuring massive multitask language understanding","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.04521","last_updated":"2026-07-08T17:47:06Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T01:18:15.906841Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-04T13:10:52Z","title":"$C$-$\\Delta\\Theta$: Circuit-Restricted Weight Arithmetic for Selective Refusal","version":2},"reference_index":3,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:19.957594Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2602.04521"},"observation_digest":"sha256:31b8516dfe7468b906f614a82e79d274edba0cf21acfa8b0b1ccfb7cef0d4d70","observation_id":"ec41b4c3-dff8-48e2-b5c7-3d95beca7503","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:19.957594Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.041635Z","title":"Training verifiers to solve math word problems, 2021","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.04521","last_updated":"2026-07-08T17:47:06Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T01:18:15.906841Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-04T13:10:52Z","title":"$C$-$\\Delta\\Theta$: Circuit-Restricted Weight Arithmetic for Selective Refusal","version":2},"reference_index":4,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.041635Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2602.04521"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c7a98c347c1752610a5c9b0d730761f0db639b9d6aab6fd7767912a61fbf1f2a","observation_id":"e3abd516-894b-4daa-9354-a91e6a904d0d","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.041635Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2406.14598","last_updated":"2025-03-01T21:45:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T18:34:29.513732Z","submitted_at":"2024-06-20T17:56:07Z","title":"SORRY-Bench: Systematically Evaluating Large Language Model Safety Refusal","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2406.14598","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.100340Z","title":"Sorry-bench: Systematically evaluating large language model safety refusal","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.04521","last_updated":"2026-07-08T17:47:06Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T01:18:15.906841Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-04T13:10:52Z","title":"$C$-$\\Delta\\Theta$: Circuit-Restricted Weight Arithmetic for Selective Refusal","version":2},"reference_index":5,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.100340Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2406.14598","citing_paper":"/paper/2602.04521"},"observation_digest":"sha256:16c9c3b45b76adcb3a3fb66ac94d04995021de943d237d378c283ac94cd0b2f1","observation_id":"99ab51e0-3848-44b1-95eb-7a933152af0c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.100340Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2308.10248","last_updated":"2024-10-10T13:20:13Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T02:11:23.670680Z","submitted_at":"2023-08-20T12:21:05Z","title":"Steering Language Models With Activation Engineering","version":5},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2308.10248","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.153002Z","title":"Steering language models with activation engineering.arXiv preprint arXiv:2308.10248, 2023","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.04521","last_updated":"2026-07-08T17:47:06Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T01:18:15.906841Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-04T13:10:52Z","title":"$C$-$\\Delta\\Theta$: Circuit-Restricted Weight Arithmetic for Selective Refusal","version":2},"reference_index":6,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.153002Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2308.10248","citing_paper":"/paper/2602.04521"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2582e190d371b235a1562f4a1eb92a42c52001fb720dbfa3fcd315723e6dca80","observation_id":"2b2a3439-97bf-4a83-b34a-a78bf6a3a095","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.153002Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.228228Z","title":"Extracting latent steering vectors from pretrained language models","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.04521","last_updated":"2026-07-08T17:47:06Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T01:18:15.906841Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-04T13:10:52Z","title":"$C$-$\\Delta\\Theta$: Circuit-Restricted Weight Arithmetic for Selective Refusal","version":2},"reference_index":7,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.228228Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2602.04521"},"observation_digest":"sha256:88eaa3c7399c2f4113ebf95b31bc57801ffec087d5f4dce908caf61860c9fd25","observation_id":"2e7c9acc-362f-42b2-bcf1-3e495e1a2389","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.228228Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.285537Z","title":"Beyond prompt engineering: Robust behavior control in LLMs via steering target atoms","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.04521","last_updated":"2026-07-08T17:47:06Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T01:18:15.906841Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-04T13:10:52Z","title":"$C$-$\\Delta\\Theta$: Circuit-Restricted Weight Arithmetic for Selective Refusal","version":2},"reference_index":8,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.285537Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2602.04521"},"observation_digest":"sha256:7f44c79157f76567d6c71bce4c8dd995d6358b70938b78ebb6d360b5f3cd8f7a","observation_id":"b0aa0ea5-da8c-4580-901b-d712361fb910","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.285537Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2310.01405","last_updated":"2025-03-03T06:14:14Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T16:26:38.284922Z","submitted_at":"2023-10-02T17:59:07Z","title":"Representation Engineering: A Top-Down Approach to AI Transparency","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2310.01405","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.362627Z","title":"Representation engineering: A top-down approach to ai transparency.arXiv preprint arXiv:2310.01405, 2023","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.04521","last_updated":"2026-07-08T17:47:06Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T01:18:15.906841Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-04T13:10:52Z","title":"$C$-$\\Delta\\Theta$: Circuit-Restricted Weight Arithmetic for Selective Refusal","version":2},"reference_index":9,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.362627Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2310.01405","citing_paper":"/paper/2602.04521"},"observation_digest":"sha256:401aaaa0103ea65c3ff285ea84e459d9297c98f1d2ed4c6d2e9d2204115f22c5","observation_id":"32ff9ec6-5a25-4f89-a106-647241bb6a51","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.362627Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.415647Z","title":"Steering llama 2 via contrastive activation addition","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.04521","last_updated":"2026-07-08T17:47:06Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T01:18:15.906841Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-04T13:10:52Z","title":"$C$-$\\Delta\\Theta$: Circuit-Restricted Weight Arithmetic for Selective Refusal","version":2},"reference_index":10,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.415647Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2602.04521"},"observation_digest":"sha256:8a2dadea82b28858f15c4c097a4ecdf16316a34b0fae423b584b5df739a003cc","observation_id":"0d26188a-2ad3-435c-9ee9-a099159d02cd","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.415647Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.450158Z","title":"Inference-time intervention: Eliciting truthful answers from a language model.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 36:41451– 41530, 2023","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.04521","last_updated":"2026-07-08T17:47:06Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T01:18:15.906841Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-04T13:10:52Z","title":"$C$-$\\Delta\\Theta$: Circuit-Restricted Weight Arithmetic for Selective Refusal","version":2},"reference_index":11,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.450158Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2602.04521"},"observation_digest":"sha256:87a8074474d60ab23df10f27a68029d8d67dfa5e554963a7a45894ce97c90f3f","observation_id":"5cfd39f2-998b-4ae6-97ce-91a7908ac32c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.450158Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.452736Z","title":"Editing models with task arithmetic","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.04521","last_updated":"2026-07-08T17:47:06Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T01:18:15.906841Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-04T13:10:52Z","title":"$C$-$\\Delta\\Theta$: Circuit-Restricted Weight Arithmetic for Selective Refusal","version":2},"reference_index":12,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.452736Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2602.04521"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e9825f1eae1b3bcae2c3e3bb5c0021a34ad2bda412d5def62e1540488c0f6b21","observation_id":"d4d1418b-b991-461a-b4de-98f607b7d385","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.452736Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.455244Z","title":"Ties-merging: Resolving interference when merging models","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.04521","last_updated":"2026-07-08T17:47:06Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T01:18:15.906841Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-04T13:10:52Z","title":"$C$-$\\Delta\\Theta$: Circuit-Restricted Weight Arithmetic for Selective Refusal","version":2},"reference_index":13,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.455244Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2602.04521"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d095c8ff5c20b901ed6101da20b87b50a674a687f0e3248d765f6e7ad57d3ae5","observation_id":"f769f365-be45-4a80-9e71-0d8941899e14","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.455244Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.457561Z","title":"Localizing task information for improved model merging and compression","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.04521","last_updated":"2026-07-08T17:47:06Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T01:18:15.906841Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-04T13:10:52Z","title":"$C$-$\\Delta\\Theta$: Circuit-Restricted Weight Arithmetic for Selective Refusal","version":2},"reference_index":14,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.457561Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2602.04521"},"observation_digest":"sha256:165c33f27f2e0563c6f691f2ab0fccfbcee14ae2f2dbe686151f859239a1d711","observation_id":"58cba416-8975-40fa-9bfe-31c6b9843f3a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.457561Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.460048Z","title":"Model breadcrumbs: Scaling multi-task model merging with sparse masks","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.04521","last_updated":"2026-07-08T17:47:06Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T01:18:15.906841Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-04T13:10:52Z","title":"$C$-$\\Delta\\Theta$: Circuit-Restricted Weight Arithmetic for Selective Refusal","version":2},"reference_index":15,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.460048Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2602.04521"},"observation_digest":"sha256:7b397e487196451d97c547e28101dd81dd720fb7a02de7db1d0d69c0bd9f4547","observation_id":"c11ca62f-5248-4274-9c9e-33ff3b4dbe6f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.460048Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.462364Z","title":"Lines: Post-training layer scaling prevents forgetting and enhances model merging","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.04521","last_updated":"2026-07-08T17:47:06Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T01:18:15.906841Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-04T13:10:52Z","title":"$C$-$\\Delta\\Theta$: Circuit-Restricted Weight Arithmetic for Selective Refusal","version":2},"reference_index":16,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.462364Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2602.04521"},"observation_digest":"sha256:bd37027a15ee91912e0d8f4040487acc6bf0a13d937f3913b573518944406c92","observation_id":"511d4809-31a5-4750-92a6-1e3a00b1c3b0","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.462364Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.464697Z","title":"Steering language models with weight arithmetic, 2025","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.04521","last_updated":"2026-07-08T17:47:06Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T01:18:15.906841Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-04T13:10:52Z","title":"$C$-$\\Delta\\Theta$: Circuit-Restricted Weight Arithmetic for Selective Refusal","version":2},"reference_index":17,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.464697Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2602.04521"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2702b1515f7ab52ab2d288ac3ef090374953a623974d261bb35825194f1d92ab","observation_id":"c7e424a6-c0a2-4b88-9c30-a05c1f1fd7f4","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.464697Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2403.17806","last_updated":"2024-07-15T12:07:09Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T17:51:24.261505Z","submitted_at":"2024-03-26T15:44:58Z","title":"Have Faith in Faithfulness: Going Beyond Circuit Overlap When Finding Model Mechanisms","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2403.17806","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.466986Z","title":"Have faith in faithfulness: Going beyond circuit overlap when finding model mechanisms","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.04521","last_updated":"2026-07-08T17:47:06Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T01:18:15.906841Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-04T13:10:52Z","title":"$C$-$\\Delta\\Theta$: Circuit-Restricted Weight Arithmetic for Selective Refusal","version":2},"reference_index":18,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.466986Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2403.17806","citing_paper":"/paper/2602.04521"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e087c82a29e2cc96a161a1fa69beb727cf7dba7225b36b07f4ef83edd30e64b2","observation_id":"300f99d0-8169-4bda-b329-67a83ba82979","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.466986Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.470086Z","title":"Axiomatic attribution for deep networks, 2017","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2017},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.04521","last_updated":"2026-07-08T17:47:06Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T01:18:15.906841Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-04T13:10:52Z","title":"$C$-$\\Delta\\Theta$: Circuit-Restricted Weight Arithmetic for Selective Refusal","version":2},"reference_index":19,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.470086Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2602.04521"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b204d501c4ebc32fe2d4f5f4325715cbd95f9f79a19056f5059f3c5f9cf46356","observation_id":"058e6a72-df2f-4bee-89ed-73b588ec0ef2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.470086Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.472442Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.04521","last_updated":"2026-07-08T17:47:06Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T01:18:15.906841Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-04T13:10:52Z","title":"$C$-$\\Delta\\Theta$: Circuit-Restricted Weight Arithmetic for Selective Refusal","version":2},"reference_index":20,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.472442Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2602.04521"},"observation_digest":"sha256:6439519c38fe5fd456723130e5d1049e6e6c8ff18b95a7910f435ddb703bd191","observation_id":"bf9de0f3-b618-48de-ad93-56013db5f24d","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.472442Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.475201Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.04521","last_updated":"2026-07-08T17:47:06Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T01:18:15.906841Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-04T13:10:52Z","title":"$C$-$\\Delta\\Theta$: Circuit-Restricted Weight Arithmetic for Selective Refusal","version":2},"reference_index":21,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.475201Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2602.04521"},"observation_digest":"sha256:106d098f18bf5636276593c02f76ca79ce7bdb7f98407194caf7f97eeb5194aa","observation_id":"046491f1-6cfd-4782-bd49-54dc9e36c340","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.475201Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.477768Z","title":"A framework for few-shot language model evaluation, September 2021","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.04521","last_updated":"2026-07-08T17:47:06Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T01:18:15.906841Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-04T13:10:52Z","title":"$C$-$\\Delta\\Theta$: Circuit-Restricted Weight Arithmetic for Selective Refusal","version":2},"reference_index":22,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.477768Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2602.04521"},"observation_digest":"sha256:480ddf264e55d688a7055ab33bf0b59b89a51fd5a2fd683c001dab1d5a6a8ad1","observation_id":"c2f21251-6ad1-4c18-9987-534e915964b4","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.477768Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.480024Z","title":"Activation Addition","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.04521","last_updated":"2026-07-08T17:47:06Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T01:18:15.906841Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-04T13:10:52Z","title":"$C$-$\\Delta\\Theta$: Circuit-Restricted Weight Arithmetic for Selective Refusal","version":2},"reference_index":23,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.480024Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2602.04521"},"observation_digest":"sha256:af3390fe54d5fb3fc7317bb5f75dd655e6271756eeaf91ffe166a635f8bcfb04","observation_id":"2cf6bc52-ff14-47fc-8929-36a07ac37030","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.480024Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.482487Z","title":"If the classifier predicts a refusal (indicated by is_refusal = 1), the judgment is finalized immediately","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.04521","last_updated":"2026-07-08T17:47:06Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T01:18:15.906841Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-04T13:10:52Z","title":"$C$-$\\Delta\\Theta$: Circuit-Restricted Weight Arithmetic for Selective Refusal","version":2},"reference_index":24,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.482487Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2602.04521"},"observation_digest":"sha256:481ad7e90e1b1fcfa691ce6a3fc2680903cd4cd745b14d3cf40082aae3becb9c","observation_id":"e8f0599c-7386-4719-9f5c-920348eb840a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.482487Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.484950Z","title":"The judge is tasked with a binary classification based on a strict rubric","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.04521","last_updated":"2026-07-08T17:47:06Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T01:18:15.906841Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-04T13:10:52Z","title":"$C$-$\\Delta\\Theta$: Circuit-Restricted Weight Arithmetic for Selective Refusal","version":2},"reference_index":25,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.484950Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2602.04521"},"observation_digest":"sha256:7e8915baed108f4aa1a91eed83534d6b856f1546095743407effac050b6fc18a","observation_id":"88269c9f-2c5e-461e-83f8-f946f2195226","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.484950Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.487467Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.04521","last_updated":"2026-07-08T17:47:06Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T01:18:15.906841Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-04T13:10:52Z","title":"$C$-$\\Delta\\Theta$: Circuit-Restricted Weight Arithmetic for Selective Refusal","version":2},"reference_index":26,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.487467Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2602.04521"},"observation_digest":"sha256:787be3fc82ad8831356049efb726df109c50a4b726ca72f08afccffdd9a17ef5","observation_id":"7bec0fc8-ebd2-42f1-9356-888b227e6ea1","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.487467Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.490400Z","title":"Return only the single word: answered | refused","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.04521","last_updated":"2026-07-08T17:47:06Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T01:18:15.906841Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-04T13:10:52Z","title":"$C$-$\\Delta\\Theta$: Circuit-Restricted Weight Arithmetic for Selective Refusal","version":2},"reference_index":27,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.490400Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2602.04521"},"observation_digest":"sha256:6bab3e299d81626772d46c3b83908d1642d6de056ebd52872b79a7ed8a4dc027","observation_id":"2a5d3dda-5c7f-4ee2-9077-100fa9e635e6","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T04:40:20.490400Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"malformed_identifier"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}}],"paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.04521","last_updated":"2026-07-08T17:47:06Z","latest_version":2,"primary_category":"cs.CL","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T01:18:15.906841Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-04T13:10:52Z","title":"$C$-$\\Delta\\Theta$: Circuit-Restricted Weight Arithmetic for Selective Refusal"},"reference_resolution":{"displayed":27,"state_counts":{"malformed_identifier":1,"metadata_mismatch":0,"parse_uncertain":0,"unresolved":26,"verified_exact":0,"verified_fuzzy":0},"total_outbound_references":27},"refusal":"A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.","schema":"pith.paper-citation-record.v1","standing_sources":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-08T06:31:55.24221+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"thesis":"As of 8 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 27 of 27 outbound references and 2 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2602.04521."}