{"as_of":"2026-08-09T11:08:00Z","caps":{"database_statements":6,"inbound":100,"outbound":100},"context_digest":"sha256:0484427782f172b2f05f7e66d25d3d4613d0c72b27946d3f1b02bb3b38fd1b6e","coverage":[{"denominator":25,"lane":"reference_resolution","note":"Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.","records_observed":25,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:21.249714Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":26,"lane":"standing_notices","note":"One-hop event checks from named stored sources.","records_observed":26,"source":"scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache","source_observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00","state":"measured"},{"denominator":1,"lane":"inbound_itemization","note":"Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.","records_observed":1,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-07-30T20:24:34.634549Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":1,"lane":"external_citation_measurements","note":"A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.","records_observed":0,"source":"cited_works","source_observed_at":null,"state":"measured"}],"external_citation_measurements":[],"inbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.06371","last_updated":"2026-07-06T11:23:14Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T03:13:33.486006Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-06T03:57:21Z","title":"Bilingual Bias in Large Language Models: A Taiwan Sovereignty Benchmark Study","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2602.06371","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-30T20:24:34.634549Z","title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2602.06371 , year =","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.23519","last_updated":"2026-07-26T07:38:11Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T15:50:02.620355Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-26T07:38:11Z","title":"Auditing Alignment Controllability in LLMs via Political Axes","version":1},"reference_index":31,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-07-30T20:24:34.634549Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2602.06371","citing_paper":"/paper/2607.23519"},"observation_digest":"sha256:21553641172e7ef47f2d1d2954888f4ef64eac5491b1f935ce3e972d6959512a","observation_id":"d6bf9c6d-d199-47a6-9745-822c68bda407","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-07-30T20:24:34.634549Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}}],"links":{"evidence":"/evidence","html":"/paper/2602.06371/citation-record","integrity":"/paper/2602.06371/integrity","json":"/paper/2602.06371/citation-record.json","paper":"/paper/2602.06371"},"outbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:19.765115Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2008},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.06371","last_updated":"2026-07-06T11:23:14Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T03:13:33.486006Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-06T03:57:21Z","title":"Bilingual Bias in Large Language Models: A Taiwan Sovereignty Benchmark Study","version":2},"reference_index":1,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:19.765115Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2602.06371"},"observation_digest":"sha256:40fb8ea15a9991ff788faf8ec4a7bf6967346e498a51cb0642eae25b673f5fce","observation_id":"e5d51441-d2b6-4258-9712-8d0729462c8d","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:19.765115Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:19.806944Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.06371","last_updated":"2026-07-06T11:23:14Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T03:13:33.486006Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-06T03:57:21Z","title":"Bilingual Bias in Large Language Models: A Taiwan Sovereignty Benchmark Study","version":2},"reference_index":2,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:19.806944Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2602.06371"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ceb171948673c9c4f61f4ebfa0dd76759ed332c733bcad6db00670cbbd17eb72","observation_id":"0633cc3b-28d0-459b-9218-9d98a8b02002","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:19.806944Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:19.939511Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.06371","last_updated":"2026-07-06T11:23:14Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T03:13:33.486006Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-06T03:57:21Z","title":"Bilingual Bias in Large Language Models: A Taiwan Sovereignty Benchmark Study","version":2},"reference_index":3,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:19.939511Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2602.06371"},"observation_digest":"sha256:82bdaba35c6c1b292566842c5cf29da3c39ecadf5fac7bf4db457c86233087ed","observation_id":"2c244e2e-790b-4f9f-8a3b-7d33a06a4823","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:19.939511Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2505.12625","last_updated":"2025-05-19T02:16:56Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T15:43:31.255437Z","submitted_at":"2025-05-19T02:16:56Z","title":"R1dacted: Investigating Local Censorship in DeepSeek's R1 Language Model","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2505.12625","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:19.988809Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.06371","last_updated":"2026-07-06T11:23:14Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T03:13:33.486006Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-06T03:57:21Z","title":"Bilingual Bias in Large Language Models: A Taiwan Sovereignty Benchmark Study","version":2},"reference_index":4,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:19.988809Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2505.12625","citing_paper":"/paper/2602.06371"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ff22ac5ac7dbd5105463596c6b5340c2cf08feed0359d80fe96078ab457f8211","observation_id":"23f1bc68-f881-4b07-92bc-d811a485199d","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:19.988809Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:19.999295Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.06371","last_updated":"2026-07-06T11:23:14Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T03:13:33.486006Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-06T03:57:21Z","title":"Bilingual Bias in Large Language Models: A Taiwan Sovereignty Benchmark Study","version":2},"reference_index":5,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:19.999295Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2602.06371"},"observation_digest":"sha256:5ba83f491f7da7bf870edd0e333bf4ed0a32b2dfbf127a5e99c2688f59a9e3b5","observation_id":"130e48d0-7e66-4df3-bb14-b295a455f647","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:19.999295Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.019828Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.06371","last_updated":"2026-07-06T11:23:14Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T03:13:33.486006Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-06T03:57:21Z","title":"Bilingual Bias in Large Language Models: A Taiwan Sovereignty Benchmark Study","version":2},"reference_index":6,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.019828Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2602.06371"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1373504fab54015652c8bd8ee2390c3ffa7d9a02e38529c0e0e4583c51eac9f2","observation_id":"a950acd2-7d6f-4307-9afa-c97750635f3c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.019828Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2301.01768","last_updated":"2023-01-05T07:13:13Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:45:35.150239Z","submitted_at":"2023-01-05T07:13:13Z","title":"The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2301.01768","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.062415Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.06371","last_updated":"2026-07-06T11:23:14Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T03:13:33.486006Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-06T03:57:21Z","title":"Bilingual Bias in Large Language Models: A Taiwan Sovereignty Benchmark Study","version":2},"reference_index":7,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.062415Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2301.01768","citing_paper":"/paper/2602.06371"},"observation_digest":"sha256:17c0bb37fbb847e48d3d8ca1b42c13e3058fd1f442b79c7532abbbd59ab05455","observation_id":"77b92ae8-a2c0-456e-a118-d9433242b4d1","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.062415Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.101964Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.06371","last_updated":"2026-07-06T11:23:14Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T03:13:33.486006Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-06T03:57:21Z","title":"Bilingual Bias in Large Language Models: A Taiwan Sovereignty Benchmark Study","version":2},"reference_index":8,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.101964Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2602.06371"},"observation_digest":"sha256:0077295135c8c9eae53c123270c98a28784e29644bb0ef70421089acdb7ab032","observation_id":"d54c4ff5-a481-4f9f-8574-76d196e041f9","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.101964Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.161443Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2026},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.06371","last_updated":"2026-07-06T11:23:14Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T03:13:33.486006Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-06T03:57:21Z","title":"Bilingual Bias in Large Language Models: A Taiwan Sovereignty Benchmark Study","version":2},"reference_index":9,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.161443Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2602.06371"},"observation_digest":"sha256:fcf70d10f0db050ab3c80f06765ce42f682d3e9ec9fad25c49a3cdd7bd4484ae","observation_id":"07ea31e8-f5f3-4008-846e-64a85bdff410","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.161443Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.187457Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.06371","last_updated":"2026-07-06T11:23:14Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T03:13:33.486006Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-06T03:57:21Z","title":"Bilingual Bias in Large Language Models: A Taiwan Sovereignty Benchmark Study","version":2},"reference_index":10,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.187457Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2602.06371"},"observation_digest":"sha256:8201a2b7d3832fc022d9461cf0e62745bb4e293ebaa1cbef2b8ac4d06f182277","observation_id":"7b717164-f4bd-4dd5-a116-a3cb1874ec64","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.187457Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.234501Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.06371","last_updated":"2026-07-06T11:23:14Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T03:13:33.486006Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-06T03:57:21Z","title":"Bilingual Bias in Large Language Models: A Taiwan Sovereignty Benchmark Study","version":2},"reference_index":11,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.234501Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2602.06371"},"observation_digest":"sha256:397928b379941daed52c5b27d57ba51adb66ed987c479a366b08ec28888df9fa","observation_id":"99338c2a-acf9-4e85-9a1e-193523a70fb7","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.234501Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.282130Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.06371","last_updated":"2026-07-06T11:23:14Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T03:13:33.486006Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-06T03:57:21Z","title":"Bilingual Bias in Large Language Models: A Taiwan Sovereignty Benchmark Study","version":2},"reference_index":12,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.282130Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2602.06371"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4edcb635163e9471a87462fa714756794ff61a15acaffef63eef052e34406b2e","observation_id":"cd16b4af-916b-429a-8660-445c421ca5a4","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.282130Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.318934Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1947},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.06371","last_updated":"2026-07-06T11:23:14Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T03:13:33.486006Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-06T03:57:21Z","title":"Bilingual Bias in Large Language Models: A Taiwan Sovereignty Benchmark Study","version":2},"reference_index":13,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.318934Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2602.06371"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2e96b79327dfa45637b4f7095d0abe129f461e1001de99749c3652db42a0d7dd","observation_id":"6df083e1-ee66-40d9-8b2d-6fca42f545d3","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.318934Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.383008Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.06371","last_updated":"2026-07-06T11:23:14Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T03:13:33.486006Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-06T03:57:21Z","title":"Bilingual Bias in Large Language Models: A Taiwan Sovereignty Benchmark Study","version":2},"reference_index":14,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.383008Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2602.06371"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c6a087fce7a88b593d8afbfc52f68f7ec7cd9e4d0376f38c1cf92cc55663aea3","observation_id":"57fbddad-38c0-47dc-ae6f-ffe88ed3211c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.383008Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.426908Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.06371","last_updated":"2026-07-06T11:23:14Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T03:13:33.486006Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-06T03:57:21Z","title":"Bilingual Bias in Large Language Models: A Taiwan Sovereignty Benchmark Study","version":2},"reference_index":15,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.426908Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2602.06371"},"observation_digest":"sha256:0893ae1c5d3870667c431a562a56dee0f108b6564b02d59da9026d7a652f03a3","observation_id":"fb5c2a43-6f2b-405c-ade2-2e0532a941a5","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.426908Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.482783Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.06371","last_updated":"2026-07-06T11:23:14Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T03:13:33.486006Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-06T03:57:21Z","title":"Bilingual Bias in Large Language Models: A Taiwan Sovereignty Benchmark Study","version":2},"reference_index":16,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.482783Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2602.06371"},"observation_digest":"sha256:5ae013ab1e0b22897db9bfbbd98686439f5831d481b950fddfe1eb786d0e4f51","observation_id":"5feaaa4f-b4dc-43ad-8aa8-35391b8e5b5f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.482783Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.553783Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.06371","last_updated":"2026-07-06T11:23:14Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T03:13:33.486006Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-06T03:57:21Z","title":"Bilingual Bias in Large Language Models: A Taiwan Sovereignty Benchmark Study","version":2},"reference_index":17,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.553783Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2602.06371"},"observation_digest":"sha256:50f0f4215f093ec84924893f2d8f666a15c9536486b29d6da5581a4362aced0f","observation_id":"255b270d-191e-4e8c-9ad3-069cac8e9446","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.553783Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.627299Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.06371","last_updated":"2026-07-06T11:23:14Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T03:13:33.486006Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-06T03:57:21Z","title":"Bilingual Bias in Large Language Models: A Taiwan Sovereignty Benchmark Study","version":2},"reference_index":18,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.627299Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2602.06371"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ea485d449ea50000f4d3d1b606be1c920e4a8d758ca0825021584a99b8d42857","observation_id":"435e6e9b-a07b-480b-95e0-29d44f11bc1e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.627299Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.669007Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.06371","last_updated":"2026-07-06T11:23:14Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T03:13:33.486006Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-06T03:57:21Z","title":"Bilingual Bias in Large Language Models: A Taiwan Sovereignty Benchmark Study","version":2},"reference_index":19,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.669007Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2602.06371"},"observation_digest":"sha256:625178496d1eb5effb111d813c41bf3c121952761b02ad15d77e91fbe44609b2","observation_id":"897d8cab-c3c3-456e-add7-8cc21b5de53a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.669007Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.755022Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.06371","last_updated":"2026-07-06T11:23:14Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T03:13:33.486006Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-06T03:57:21Z","title":"Bilingual Bias in Large Language Models: A Taiwan Sovereignty Benchmark Study","version":2},"reference_index":20,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.755022Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2602.06371"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9af3576c3d87b1e98f774acf5ca3adb75f7392090899d846e7ffe424a0f8437b","observation_id":"f8861672-0a60-4069-ab7c-5ed6bdb899b9","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.755022Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.860567Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.06371","last_updated":"2026-07-06T11:23:14Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T03:13:33.486006Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-06T03:57:21Z","title":"Bilingual Bias in Large Language Models: A Taiwan Sovereignty Benchmark Study","version":2},"reference_index":21,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.860567Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2602.06371"},"observation_digest":"sha256:3c97c5ac311c0cabfd1d0c3e1af95b481440ad69567faba24e30c3ba7068fb39","observation_id":"b82c4ba4-180d-40db-bd0e-cc99667170a0","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.860567Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.953468Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.06371","last_updated":"2026-07-06T11:23:14Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T03:13:33.486006Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-06T03:57:21Z","title":"Bilingual Bias in Large Language Models: A Taiwan Sovereignty Benchmark Study","version":2},"reference_index":22,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.953468Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2602.06371"},"observation_digest":"sha256:5c59f04412910c8852cf81a622bf79fca44a68d9afcb6e38a9167f7fb8659c25","observation_id":"8a494fe8-f273-4f59-b497-c8c7ed4f82f3","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:20.953468Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2304.06364","last_updated":"2023-09-18T14:23:02Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T12:51:50.861720Z","submitted_at":"2023-04-13T09:39:30Z","title":"AGIEval: A Human-Centric Benchmark for Evaluating Foundation Models","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2304.06364","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:21.087147Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.06371","last_updated":"2026-07-06T11:23:14Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T03:13:33.486006Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-06T03:57:21Z","title":"Bilingual Bias in Large Language Models: A Taiwan Sovereignty Benchmark Study","version":2},"reference_index":23,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:21.087147Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2304.06364","citing_paper":"/paper/2602.06371"},"observation_digest":"sha256:0a0ca61557393753dab66d255e2724410b0121c4709b9295a7566ace77204e6c","observation_id":"3a0c1391-dc27-491e-a871-4bc359d5d02f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:21.087147Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:21.161511Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.06371","last_updated":"2026-07-06T11:23:14Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T03:13:33.486006Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-06T03:57:21Z","title":"Bilingual Bias in Large Language Models: A Taiwan Sovereignty Benchmark Study","version":2},"reference_index":24,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:21.161511Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2602.06371"},"observation_digest":"sha256:edd36c87843dad8dddcbeda520767bb961022ccb0e030a011139b4e1d3e4fadd","observation_id":"7d357f05-8f38-46e6-9eb3-a62421624fd0","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:21.161511Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:21.249714Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.06371","last_updated":"2026-07-06T11:23:14Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T03:13:33.486006Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-06T03:57:21Z","title":"Bilingual Bias in Large Language Models: A Taiwan Sovereignty Benchmark Study","version":2},"reference_index":25,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:21.249714Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2602.06371"},"observation_digest":"sha256:64654fc0e535e02ca80932894944ea5350f3b9b0ab8e437572209245880aacb9","observation_id":"70367787-d124-41ba-b037-60e5e1d13250","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T03:59:21.249714Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}}],"paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.06371","last_updated":"2026-07-06T11:23:14Z","latest_version":2,"primary_category":"cs.CY","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T03:13:33.486006Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-06T03:57:21Z","title":"Bilingual Bias in Large Language Models: A Taiwan Sovereignty Benchmark Study"},"reference_resolution":{"displayed":25,"state_counts":{"malformed_identifier":0,"metadata_mismatch":0,"parse_uncertain":0,"unresolved":25,"verified_exact":0,"verified_fuzzy":0},"total_outbound_references":25},"refusal":"A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.","schema":"pith.paper-citation-record.v1","standing_sources":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:30:57.326959+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"thesis":"As of 9 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 25 of 25 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2602.06371."}