{"as_of":"2026-08-05T05:52:00Z","caps":{"database_statements":6,"inbound":100,"outbound":100},"context_digest":"sha256:d4646c1511ec0f0ddede8ecbc5271ca2dab3340b0fcd9591d9aaf1e705835e20","coverage":[{"denominator":45,"lane":"reference_resolution","note":"Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.","records_observed":45,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:22:44.396300Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":47,"lane":"standing_notices","note":"One-hop event checks from named stored sources.","records_observed":47,"source":"scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00","state":"measured"},{"denominator":2,"lane":"inbound_itemization","note":"Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.","records_observed":2,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-08-02T08:30:41.776716Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":1,"lane":"external_citation_measurements","note":"A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.","records_observed":0,"source":"cited_works","source_observed_at":null,"state":"measured"}],"external_citation_measurements":[],"inbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00850","last_updated":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:24:52.331112Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","title":"Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2605.00850","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T08:30:41.776716Z","title":"Earth system foundation model (esfm): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting, 2026","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2026},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.05658","last_updated":"2026-07-26T21:43:49Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T22:28:37.331101Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-06T21:58:15Z","title":"Integrating GNSS-Derived Zenith Wet Delay into a Weather Foundation Model Improves Precipitation Forecasting","version":2},"reference_index":8,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-02T08:30:41.776716Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2605.00850","citing_paper":"/paper/2607.05658"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e06303c9cdfe216bf552afff06c99fd68f1340b4f0beb4029bb1faa315587bc3","observation_id":"4a487ebf-1bd0-462a-8b86-b653414a73ba","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-02T08:30:41.776716Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00850","last_updated":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:24:52.331112Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","title":"Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2605.00850","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-01T14:08:18.370606Z","title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.00850 , year=","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.18877","last_updated":"2026-07-21T09:06:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T13:47:37.914231Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-21T09:06:48Z","title":"Physics-Informed Super-Resolution of Atmospheric Data","version":1},"reference_index":267,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-01T14:08:18.370606Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2605.00850","citing_paper":"/paper/2607.18877"},"observation_digest":"sha256:8a8fd95a28be1876e127ea1ddfcb69a805eccc44067a553dc6dc23bb7ecaac2a","observation_id":"bdef88e6-d573-4d43-be1f-ca0bb23888ad","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-01T14:08:18.370606Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}}],"links":{"evidence":"/evidence","html":"/paper/2605.00850/citation-record","integrity":"/paper/2605.00850/integrity","json":"/paper/2605.00850/citation-record.json","paper":"/paper/2605.00850"},"outbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.10772","last_updated":"2025-06-12T14:50:47Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T21:41:04.748241Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-12T14:50:47Z","title":"Skillful joint probabilistic weather forecasting from marginals","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2506.10772","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2506.10772","metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2506.10772","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":"arXiv, ://arxiv.org/abs/2506.10772, arXiv:2506.10772 [cs], doi:10.48550/arXiv.2506.10772","venue":"ArXiv.org","work_id":"2508e090-5f47-4a71-88cd-4047eee17b75","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00850","last_updated":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:24:52.331112Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","title":"Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting","version":1},"reference_index":1,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:22:44.396300Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2506.10772","citing_paper":"/paper/2605.00850"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a622c4d083cfa2f75438cbb48cd0c36bb76bd1f16999f28de9198a31a12d2977","observation_id":"f88e824b-4716-476d-ab86-922dd9c60754","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-11T12:31:06.460649Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-06-01T22:57:40.687023+00:00","source":"crossref_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-06-01T22:57:40.687023+00:00","source":"openalex_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:33:57.428241+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2306.06079","last_updated":"2023-07-06T07:07:49Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-01T12:13:31.522796Z","submitted_at":"2023-06-06T07:07:54Z","title":"Deep Learning for Day Forecasts from Sparse Observations","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2306.06079","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2306.06079","metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"2306.06079","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2306.06079 , year=","venue":"physics.ao-ph","work_id":"a78bc7ae-ce0a-446d-8261-1295033cc150","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00850","last_updated":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:24:52.331112Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","title":"Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting","version":1},"reference_index":2,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:22:44.396300Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2306.06079","citing_paper":"/paper/2605.00850"},"observation_digest":"sha256:afb31ae20f3c215c521196f02ce34290bc32eb82ae61b8687a9bd4bb67884cf7","observation_id":"664683db-0cb3-4ca1-a3f1-b92e8ae4fb78","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-11T12:31:06.402099Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:33:57.428241+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1126/science.1063315","metadata_source":"openalex","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":"Baldwin and Timothy J","venue":"Science","work_id":"618d8cea-fd7e-46a4-8266-f11e1a29bfc2","year":2001},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00850","last_updated":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:24:52.331112Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","title":"Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting","version":1},"reference_index":3,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:22:44.396300Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2605.00850"},"observation_digest":"sha256:bea0a575be432544f303877ef15283a6e8ded5fccb9ca2398b2d52b6967d8005","observation_id":"9712a46b-8a8c-464f-a8e2-abfe494f7759","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:24:14.249057Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-07-11T20:49:30.803827+00:00","source":"crossref_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-07-11T20:49:30.803827+00:00","source":"openalex_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:33:57.428241+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1029/2020rg000708","metadata_source":"openalex","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":"doi: 10.1029/2020RG000708","venue":"Reviews of Geophysics","work_id":"5333ae27-2635-4508-a4c4-d8f0cb67ee16","year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00850","last_updated":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:24:52.331112Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","title":"Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting","version":1},"reference_index":4,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:22:44.396300Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2605.00850"},"observation_digest":"sha256:da61382c96dec4f5f849bb91180a7550a1a9faed85de971922596034a7d26bc5","observation_id":"40cf1c88-1b4a-45db-8d1f-b8f2da33c5d1","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:24:14.250810Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:33:57.428241+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2211.02556","last_updated":"2022-11-03T17:19:43Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T14:14:35.215831Z","submitted_at":"2022-11-03T17:19:43Z","title":"Pangu-Weather: A 3D High-Resolution Model for Fast and Accurate Global Weather Forecast","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2211.02556","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2211.02556","metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2211.02556","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2211.02556 , year=","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","work_id":"f534dc00-8a07-4e74-af68-7414725d0fc6","year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00850","last_updated":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:24:52.331112Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","title":"Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting","version":1},"reference_index":5,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:22:44.396300Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2211.02556","citing_paper":"/paper/2605.00850"},"observation_digest":"sha256:409f51f27f8b358bbc405f1dadf4bb5cee805f06160f36d50d671ea188c5dc55","observation_id":"1631cd47-1082-4b80-839b-a03b0165f0e1","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-11T12:31:06.392126Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-05-22T16:53:11.03153+00:00","source":"crossref_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-05-22T16:53:11.03153+00:00","source":"openalex_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:33:57.428241+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1038/s41586-023-06185-3","metadata_source":"openalex","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":"doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06185-3","venue":"Nature","work_id":"2b852ba0-c3f8-4951-a669-5611c50c82be","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00850","last_updated":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:24:52.331112Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","title":"Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting","version":1},"reference_index":6,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:22:44.396300Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2605.00850"},"observation_digest":"sha256:5d616012201b3bd7009367a2945183e6970cbe0c6a64535875bf724c561bb303","observation_id":"e98e46c5-c24b-4a4f-87b3-09ec025807d6","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:24:14.247242Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[{"edge_observation":{"observed_at":"2026-07-11T04:03:03.327449+00:00","source":"paper_reference_links","state":"open"},"event_date":"2023-09-14","event_type":"correction","notice_doi":"10.1038/s41586-023-06545-z","provenance":{"observed_at":"2026-07-11T03:00:24.47659+00:00","source":"crossref","source_record_id":"10.1038/s41586-023-06545-z->10.1038/s41586-023-06185-3:correction"}}],"reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:33:57.428241+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1175/1520-0493(1980)108","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-05T21:23:00.469572Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"937f0c66-cbf6-4890-8fff-4aa54346f680","year":1980},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00850","last_updated":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:24:52.331112Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","title":"Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting","version":1},"reference_index":7,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:22:44.396300Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2605.00850"},"observation_digest":"sha256:064c5670c125fe19561585efc07f09461b45eafcf42894608340f1533c20530f","observation_id":"4d94fdfc-dfd1-4940-a36c-5b61ca2ee2bc","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:24:14.264460Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:33:57.428241+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.12144","last_updated":"2025-07-18T08:05:51Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T04:20:43.753734Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-16T11:22:18Z","title":"FourCastNet 3: A geometric approach to probabilistic machine-learning weather forecasting at scale","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2507.12144","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2507.12144","metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2507.12144","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":"arXiv, ://arxiv.org/abs/2507.12144, arXiv:2507.12144 [cs], doi:10.48550/arXiv.2507.12144","venue":"ArXiv.org","work_id":"aae23409-f496-4e7e-b4eb-d00e7d016c8a","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00850","last_updated":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:24:52.331112Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","title":"Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting","version":1},"reference_index":8,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:22:44.396300Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2507.12144","citing_paper":"/paper/2605.00850"},"observation_digest":"sha256:3a95e52edf8222a35a053b03d49bd1022191c5c022879eb159daa3b08c38138a","observation_id":"30edef11-2d85-41e2-91e9-d149f3471155","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-11T12:31:06.376370Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-06-01T22:57:43.435945+00:00","source":"crossref_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-06-01T22:57:43.435945+00:00","source":"openalex_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:33:57.428241+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1175/aies-d-23-0006.1","metadata_source":"openalex","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":null,"venue":"Artificial Intelligence for the Earth Systems","work_id":"b8cf59fb-0222-4484-a2c7-a324617439de","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00850","last_updated":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:24:52.331112Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","title":"Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting","version":1},"reference_index":9,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:22:44.396300Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2605.00850"},"observation_digest":"sha256:697ecf4e94048e87383daf49dae7fecdb04227913694b82c456ba09310ca2d19","observation_id":"7edf54eb-5a88-42dd-9606-e2f40f512d32","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:24:14.262871Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:33:57.428241+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2306.12873","last_updated":"2023-10-20T07:54:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T15:45:32.070369Z","submitted_at":"2023-06-22T13:34:26Z","title":"FuXi: A cascade machine learning forecasting system for 15-day global weather forecast","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2306.12873","doi":null,"metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2306.12873","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-05T21:23:00.469572Z","title":"31 Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S)","venue":null,"work_id":"65840ef2-c313-41d2-90a2-2dfcaeb96b77","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00850","last_updated":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:24:52.331112Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","title":"Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting","version":1},"reference_index":10,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:22:44.396300Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2306.12873","citing_paper":"/paper/2605.00850"},"observation_digest":"sha256:09654937c9c02737b680457328331c043cc256fec4162b10b0a334cd9c5ec23d","observation_id":"8b72fe47-20cd-49ee-ba74-a6cd4bc5d10d","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-11T12:31:06.520347Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:33:57.428241+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-05T21:23:00.469572Z","title":"Eyring, S","venue":null,"work_id":"3fba8870-bfb9-4b35-bb00-8c20f4237290","year":1937},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00850","last_updated":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:24:52.331112Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","title":"Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting","version":1},"reference_index":11,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:22:44.396300Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2605.00850"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f182092bf37d7cf8e6e4e7d2a9ff05f0cad92f12d2df955209211787f53bfd2c","observation_id":"48f50f39-d243-42bc-8c44-e562ed54be65","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-22T16:55:00.336532Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:33:57.428241+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.5194/gmd-9-1937-2016","metadata_source":"openalex","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":"Eyring, S","venue":"Geoscientific model development","work_id":"8f413f52-ef2c-4f5b-af31-f46eb0f22a2e","year":2016},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00850","last_updated":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:24:52.331112Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","title":"Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting","version":1},"reference_index":12,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:22:44.396300Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2605.00850"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9967be30b5893698f4c01f625417a426489d9452706ebf18dc0d2b0b268edd98","observation_id":"7dccb527-c8c4-4b16-af74-a1fad8eca92c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:24:14.252663Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"metadata_mismatch"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-05-19T20:22:12.851859+00:00","source":"crossref_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-05-19T20:22:12.851859+00:00","source":"openalex_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:33:57.428241+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.5067/modis/","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-05T21:23:00.469572Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"1d564d28-f40d-4cf9-8164-616cac0778f4","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00850","last_updated":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:24:52.331112Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","title":"Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting","version":1},"reference_index":13,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:22:44.396300Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2605.00850"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a87052512e7a7a6fdd0fb32a74a1c29328049329eac267ba9c04454a86c27b86","observation_id":"9385a4a9-6c09-41f4-b1c0-95c78c8d7436","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:24:14.254619Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"malformed_identifier"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:33:57.428241+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2111.13587","last_updated":"2022-03-27T04:24:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T12:12:28.916116Z","submitted_at":"2021-11-24T05:44:31Z","title":"Adaptive Fourier Neural Operators: Efficient Token Mixers for Transformers","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2111.13587","doi":null,"metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"2111.13587","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-09T22:06:35.220943Z","title":"Guibas , author M","venue":"cs.CV","work_id":"13d52677-f17c-4a4a-8e65-9b2670b49e58","year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00850","last_updated":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:24:52.331112Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","title":"Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting","version":1},"reference_index":14,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:22:44.396300Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2111.13587","citing_paper":"/paper/2605.00850"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d05f0eb910042dd7781be9cbbf306030af8ff41b606f7d3b9de779c08aa6ff4e","observation_id":"116f58f6-29d2-4c36-a0f8-497a7fb585d1","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-11T12:31:06.481350Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:33:57.428241+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2406.14399","last_updated":"2026-06-17T15:14:49Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T18:34:19.513528Z","submitted_at":"2024-06-20T15:18:52Z","title":"Benchmarking Physics-Informed Time-Series Models for Operational Global Station Weather Forecasting","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2406.14399","doi":null,"metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"2406.14399","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-01T13:35:46.067587Z","title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2406.14399 , year=","venue":"cs.LG","work_id":"125b3afb-153a-4edd-8eff-b0dc0ae16df8","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00850","last_updated":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:24:52.331112Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","title":"Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting","version":1},"reference_index":15,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:22:44.396300Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2406.14399","citing_paper":"/paper/2605.00850"},"observation_digest":"sha256:957116c3148c326056861c0c6a3d2a82273dd95ed32df945cab97bbb3d727069","observation_id":"4a037572-a266-4a98-a793-daa8265bc87f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-19T17:10:41.632335Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:33:57.428241+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2111.06377","last_updated":"2021-12-19T19:23:25Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-31T02:35:46.853381Z","submitted_at":"2021-11-11T18:46:40Z","title":"Masked Autoencoders Are Scalable Vision Learners","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2111.06377","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2111.06377","metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"2111.06377","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":"Masked Autoencoders Are Scalable Vision Learners","venue":"cs.CV","work_id":"0747476e-5bd0-4596-908f-391611d9364e","year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00850","last_updated":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:24:52.331112Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","title":"Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting","version":1},"reference_index":16,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:22:44.396300Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2111.06377","citing_paper":"/paper/2605.00850"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a7d984a3d21bac3172e7e802c5cfa572dc337edd45df305961e51be95f1dd1c6","observation_id":"2d5920a4-bfd2-47d5-945c-4c3b3b854369","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-16T06:53:57.787532Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-07-11T01:49:44.938872+00:00","source":"crossref_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-07-11T01:49:44.938872+00:00","source":"openalex_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:33:57.428241+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1002/qj.3803","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-10T16:17:21.463079Z","title":"Hersbach, B","venue":"Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society","work_id":"e8d7a404-9f91-4f76-95f8-6949c6500cfa","year":1999},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00850","last_updated":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:24:52.331112Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","title":"Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting","version":1},"reference_index":17,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:22:44.396300Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2605.00850"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b14b34f31efff3680588d9cbfd90ac75883f996398da4e9a079c8acda72ff3dc","observation_id":"1d972ccd-ba33-4155-b498-86f851d76016","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:24:14.261066Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"metadata_mismatch"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-07-11T23:49:38.563893+00:00","source":"crossref_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-07-11T23:49:38.563893+00:00","source":"openalex_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:33:57.428241+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1503.02531","last_updated":"2015-03-09T15:44:49Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T04:11:24.157003Z","submitted_at":"2015-03-09T15:44:49Z","title":"Distilling the Knowledge in a Neural Network","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"1503.02531","doi":"10.1109/cvpr52733.2024.01515","metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"1503.02531","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":"Distilling the Knowledge in a Neural Network","venue":"stat.ML","work_id":"d927ab1f-17b8-4002-9d09-c3d55764fbad","year":2015},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00850","last_updated":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:24:52.331112Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","title":"Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting","version":1},"reference_index":18,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:22:44.396300Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1503.02531","citing_paper":"/paper/2605.00850"},"observation_digest":"sha256:0f5b8e0247edd02a97fac44a9e2c2da5f57ba0f76a6b3c81ea600339d912aa67","observation_id":"5b551956-7afd-4f83-bb65-d2111b44e895","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-11T12:31:06.490707Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:33:57.428241+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1912.12180","last_updated":"2019-12-20T13:27:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T08:47:13.959253Z","submitted_at":"2019-12-20T13:27:27Z","title":"Axial Attention in Multidimensional Transformers","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"1912.12180","doi":null,"metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"1912.12180","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-07T21:24:09.333342Z","title":"Axial attention in multidimensional transformers","venue":"cs.CV","work_id":"69d7a080-9410-49f8-a9ef-bb18e909ee8f","year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00850","last_updated":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:24:52.331112Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","title":"Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting","version":1},"reference_index":19,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:22:44.396300Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1912.12180","citing_paper":"/paper/2605.00850"},"observation_digest":"sha256:76fd06b2b1b3fcbcc08e39087e0f4e6e2b5861f0e89b7f362d6ab2ab7904a634","observation_id":"367245b4-e349-47d8-9942-b92da961fcc3","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-11T12:31:06.525749Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:33:57.428241+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1175/2009bams2755.1","metadata_source":"openalex","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":"URLhttps://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/10.1175/ 2009BAMS2755.1","venue":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","work_id":"5b2aec0c-a64a-4dd3-8a79-7c6e2582d9a7","year":2010},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00850","last_updated":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:24:52.331112Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","title":"Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting","version":1},"reference_index":20,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:22:44.396300Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2605.00850"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c8db8dd5a6d8810d44294d22fce586eca69eeff432926288990c345c29d28566","observation_id":"6190dd56-1261-4506-8943-b348738a8859","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:24:14.256786Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-07-11T20:49:36.408877+00:00","source":"crossref_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-07-11T20:49:36.408877+00:00","source":"openalex_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:33:57.428241+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.5194/wcd-5-895-2024","metadata_source":"openalex","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":null,"venue":"Weather and Climate Dynamics","work_id":"82fd6da9-2a5b-4816-8699-64b0c45fd90e","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00850","last_updated":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:24:52.331112Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","title":"Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting","version":1},"reference_index":21,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:22:44.396300Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2605.00850"},"observation_digest":"sha256:470d8399ca29df81e59ea5b97e832679ed38f1b3877de777953d3f1457f1ee5d","observation_id":"47e9e029-4f8a-42f5-afcb-00feedf13f8b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:24:14.258461Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:33:57.428241+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1126/science.adi2336","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-10T16:17:21.506321Z","title":"doi: 10.1126/science.adi2336","venue":"Science","work_id":"5d68d02c-56fb-4a90-8d79-a0aff0e3d717","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00850","last_updated":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:24:52.331112Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","title":"Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting","version":1},"reference_index":22,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:22:44.396300Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2605.00850"},"observation_digest":"sha256:45a88ecc68dc5bce1bcfb59a113a973be789ff207e3097b11a9eb5e222d785f1","observation_id":"649222cb-9255-4a2f-9b88-021149cfd91c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:24:14.241635Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-07-11T12:50:43.221436+00:00","source":"crossref_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-07-11T12:50:43.221436+00:00","source":"openalex_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:33:57.428241+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2308.13280","last_updated":"2023-09-07T11:46:17Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T16:10:19.589022Z","submitted_at":"2023-08-25T10:02:26Z","title":"AtmoRep: A stochastic model of atmosphere dynamics using large scale representation learning","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2308.13280","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2308.13280","metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2308.13280","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":"Mathilde Leuridan, James Hawkes, Simon Smart, Emanuele Danovaro, Martin Schultz, and Tiago Quintino","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","work_id":"136c6f62-53ee-4363-901e-120664e00f2a","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00850","last_updated":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:24:52.331112Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","title":"Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting","version":1},"reference_index":23,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:22:44.396300Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2308.13280","citing_paper":"/paper/2605.00850"},"observation_digest":"sha256:191be2ae415791f0a8a2340470204bcf2d234f16a0e25221154daec8c79be9ea","observation_id":"702f1742-f841-48c1-8e9d-267181829e08","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-11T12:31:06.418359Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:33:57.428241+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2306.14066","last_updated":"2023-10-08T14:56:55Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T15:46:21.260261Z","submitted_at":"2023-06-24T22:00:06Z","title":"SEEDS: Emulation of Weather Forecast Ensembles with Diffusion Models","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2306.14066","doi":null,"metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2306.14066","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-05T21:23:00.469572Z","title":"Science Advances , volume=","venue":null,"work_id":"cd004999-6a35-41fe-b23b-dd7b6b079d20","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00850","last_updated":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:24:52.331112Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","title":"Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting","version":1},"reference_index":24,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:22:44.396300Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2306.14066","citing_paper":"/paper/2605.00850"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2ba390eaf51ddb5ab0cf78b965437dc46ea0147935ab3a2a8157f220b4252ffa","observation_id":"03440072-0ca6-46a7-ac11-f77a3d4bb860","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-11T12:31:06.386126Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:33:57.428241+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2310.06625","last_updated":"2024-03-14T11:45:57Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T16:30:29.783501Z","submitted_at":"2023-10-10T13:44:09Z","title":"iTransformer: Inverted Transformers Are Effective for Time Series Forecasting","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2310.06625","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2310.06625","metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"2310.06625","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":"iTransformer: Inverted Transformers Are Effective for Time Series Forecasting","venue":"cs.LG","work_id":"c1ea0b21-a74c-4315-a48c-4ef730cec588","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00850","last_updated":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:24:52.331112Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","title":"Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting","version":1},"reference_index":25,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:22:44.396300Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2310.06625","citing_paper":"/paper/2605.00850"},"observation_digest":"sha256:7006cb881976bbf74bff52b31b42af092aa024cba6e124e9b5a2938aa2435793","observation_id":"987d63c2-b69c-4c36-8c9f-ee5bc4ccfeb0","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-13T18:54:58.848733Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-07-12T09:20:18.065583+00:00","source":"crossref_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-07-12T09:20:18.065583+00:00","source":"openalex_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:33:57.428241+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2202.11214","last_updated":"2022-02-22T22:19:35Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T21:09:07.860947Z","submitted_at":"2022-02-22T22:19:35Z","title":"FourCastNet: A Global Data-driven High-resolution Weather Model using Adaptive Fourier Neural Operators","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2202.11214","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2202.11214","metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"2202.11214","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":"FourCastNet: A Global Data-driven High-resolution Weather Model using Adaptive Fourier Neural Operators","venue":"physics.ao-ph","work_id":"f9242607-7911-49ac-bf05-992acb925f65","year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00850","last_updated":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:24:52.331112Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","title":"Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting","version":1},"reference_index":26,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:22:44.396300Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2202.11214","citing_paper":"/paper/2605.00850"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2e49039019f17030e9fecf10ac0431e7551cc44c0e88b3583269793b44d054b0","observation_id":"45901af0-d63a-45c0-b3b1-546e6a95050e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-12T10:04:51.544820Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:33:57.428241+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-05T21:23:00.469572Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"b58c01eb-422e-4527-b2d8-8f0a41671f3d","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00850","last_updated":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:24:52.331112Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","title":"Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting","version":1},"reference_index":27,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:22:44.396300Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2605.00850"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2520105fcd04c53c7a405357c60e833e6a191d7e8c2716c47421d568c1e6ac16","observation_id":"c16d7456-2818-46ee-afc1-86918a866d96","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-22T16:55:00.324657Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:33:57.428241+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1038/s43247-024-01812-x","metadata_source":"openalex","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":"doi: 10.1038/s43247-024-01812-x","venue":"Communications Earth & Environment","work_id":"34ca7543-c70f-4f51-9d7a-215cc37c6dcb","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00850","last_updated":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:24:52.331112Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","title":"Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting","version":1},"reference_index":28,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:22:44.396300Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2605.00850"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a86f77c4d8b6d638bc746ad68483033fff3852ff56e791b836c1ef8b9fe2cc02","observation_id":"f35c64b1-38cb-4fb6-84e5-0bdb6b2f7d01","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:24:14.239323Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:33:57.428241+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2308.15560","last_updated":"2024-01-26T14:26:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T22:36:54.825362Z","submitted_at":"2023-08-29T18:32:08Z","title":"WeatherBench 2: A benchmark for the next generation of data-driven global weather models","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2308.15560","doi":null,"metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2308.15560","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-04T19:20:06.555223Z","title":"WeatherBench 2: A benchmark for the next generation of data-driven global weather mod- els","venue":null,"work_id":"9d31dd4e-af38-41d1-8204-79d48fd89faf","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00850","last_updated":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:24:52.331112Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","title":"Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting","version":1},"reference_index":29,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:22:44.396300Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2308.15560","citing_paper":"/paper/2605.00850"},"observation_digest":"sha256:32ff3f9636d38b23af93e52019a3ccb559cf283370c548211004a3d49699d272","observation_id":"e934ded2-703d-4f69-87f1-23348a6fbded","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-11T12:31:06.356131Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:33:57.428241+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1029/2018jd028755","metadata_source":"openalex","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":"doi: 10.1029/2018JD028755","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres","work_id":"5e1ecbf0-e47d-48dc-946b-f5dd5236201a","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00850","last_updated":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:24:52.331112Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","title":"Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting","version":1},"reference_index":30,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:22:44.396300Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2605.00850"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f5ec9ce6a95f55fb81cbe6b2f7070b600ac3779de78a720782904f56978d15ff","observation_id":"209fa8d4-7e9e-4ca1-947d-f013387ddb8f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:24:14.243251Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:33:57.428241+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2404.00411","last_updated":"2024-07-13T19:58:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T17:53:27.091761Z","submitted_at":"2024-03-30T16:41:24Z","title":"Aardvark weather: end-to-end data-driven weather forecasting","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2404.00411","doi":null,"metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2404.00411","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-05T21:23:00.469572Z","title":"P., Andersson, T","venue":null,"work_id":"ef3eeb70-2ab8-4b64-8166-db7462d79b80","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00850","last_updated":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:24:52.331112Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","title":"Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting","version":1},"reference_index":31,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:22:44.396300Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2404.00411","citing_paper":"/paper/2605.00850"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f88f274b8969a84655071d81e3dcc5883b9b22cf733998c7ec091ad02a7439e6","observation_id":"78913ea5-4228-431d-9bdd-0748fbfc7f9d","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-11T12:31:06.362955Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:33:57.428241+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1038/s41612-018-0013-0","metadata_source":"openalex","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":"doi: 10.1038/s41612-018-0013-0","venue":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","work_id":"d4513910-dc2c-438f-8364-06aa1bfc552b","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00850","last_updated":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:24:52.331112Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","title":"Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting","version":1},"reference_index":32,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:22:44.396300Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2605.00850"},"observation_digest":"sha256:578406227decb1a854bb0c3746a2a4ad1d75acb006d3b2dfaa5e415d619695b7","observation_id":"386c1829-9e10-4e22-b98a-4b151d6fc7fe","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:24:14.245215Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:33:57.428241+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1029/2019ms001683","metadata_source":"openalex","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":"doi: 10.1029/2019MS001683","venue":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","work_id":"aaeec552-2b24-4b01-9d07-c555a7cbd70b","year":1942},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00850","last_updated":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:24:52.331112Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","title":"Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting","version":1},"reference_index":33,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:22:44.396300Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2605.00850"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b2abc9d2ce875097e330d682fcd629f3dc1d397bc8007922e3fa717c5e5d68cf","observation_id":"ad23f2ef-c4c9-426a-b14c-481a46a6b166","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:24:14.237487Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:33:57.428241+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.22962","last_updated":"2026-06-10T14:33:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T20:36:14.029064Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-26T12:57:38Z","title":"Scaling Laws of Global Weather Models","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2602.22962","doi":null,"metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2602.22962","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-11T02:09:28.426150Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"e829223a-62ae-4a7f-9fb2-534dadf30bad","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00850","last_updated":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:24:52.331112Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","title":"Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting","version":1},"reference_index":34,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:22:44.396300Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2602.22962","citing_paper":"/paper/2605.00850"},"observation_digest":"sha256:40bc6b7869bccc39b9724a5da8e810c86c36461194cd5a3c1803b94553e09c78","observation_id":"55725cf2-3874-4fc4-836f-035d458ed6dd","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-11T02:09:28.426150Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:33:57.428241+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-05T21:23:00.469572Z","title":"35 25%50% 25% Observation mask verticalmask variable mask spatially for each atmos","venue":null,"work_id":"375cbb5d-8a88-48e9-8796-76736e11ad69","year":2015},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00850","last_updated":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:24:52.331112Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","title":"Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting","version":1},"reference_index":35,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:22:44.396300Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2605.00850"},"observation_digest":"sha256:7322e8aa5be2b6dd37b6ce17c08fb1fa12e79d6416583f0914ed4a9d9bc70b8d","observation_id":"41d1f7fe-649c-49a2-b976-58b6a11a72bf","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-22T16:55:00.318306Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:33:57.428241+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-05T21:23:00.469572Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"babd828e-9f35-49d1-83da-7e06e995b09a","year":1979},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00850","last_updated":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:24:52.331112Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","title":"Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting","version":1},"reference_index":36,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:22:44.396300Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2605.00850"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9824320351692176e79f79abddf57c3f7de425957e582ec387c65594e82a3927","observation_id":"04b651bc-e51c-4cb6-b206-b38e2cde3a35","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-22T16:55:00.328203Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:33:57.428241+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-05T21:23:00.469572Z","title":"Accordingly, we have explored variations in the perceiver module, increasing the number of Perceiver blocks, trying newer Perceiver modules, but observed a similar limitation","venue":null,"work_id":"df321362-46ac-4bf5-a6fe-f6a133ae7724","year":1980},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00850","last_updated":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:24:52.331112Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","title":"Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting","version":1},"reference_index":37,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:22:44.396300Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2605.00850"},"observation_digest":"sha256:8005d8b0d09e96d982f6f6dd9e023611abb7d7dcb2e4a7fa4939a740b970e1da","observation_id":"51e11a6e-0f3c-473f-b8fd-10880346a22e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-22T16:55:00.332253Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:33:57.428241+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-05T21:23:00.469572Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"7d5f37a7-efec-4a04-816e-8683ab7a81ed","year":1979},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00850","last_updated":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:24:52.331112Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","title":"Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting","version":1},"reference_index":38,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:22:44.396300Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2605.00850"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4e8711d2537184667cb1f8d50be655b962e1d435e9698ebd1ea581d80f1dc604","observation_id":"645d3c4b-ad4c-4b7d-b535-e7489ed563d9","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-22T16:55:00.321361Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:33:57.428241+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-05T21:23:00.469572Z","title":"We select years 2023 and 2024 as the test set","venue":null,"work_id":"56f78fe7-5fba-4713-8ac4-22b0c69d0645","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00850","last_updated":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:24:52.331112Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","title":"Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting","version":1},"reference_index":39,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:22:44.396300Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2605.00850"},"observation_digest":"sha256:7c910ec0dafdb24565ed131cb72da24f88e360dc95b6bc7ba9a31e1bdc6288ac","observation_id":"25bf32c3-9cd9-4e37-82b0-a13ddd821966","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-22T16:55:00.300859Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:33:57.428241+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-05T21:23:00.469572Z","title":"In Table 16, we list the full set of variables we have used in this work","venue":null,"work_id":"6b6186a5-5859-4759-a402-6ff48b905c19","year":1979},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00850","last_updated":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:24:52.331112Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","title":"Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting","version":1},"reference_index":40,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:22:44.396300Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2605.00850"},"observation_digest":"sha256:00ac776b76275908ad65e4e08582ee430b9a3e8de58ca78a0d2aaae4312127de","observation_id":"4134e893-73a5-4d26-b6c1-146ca1439e93","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-22T16:55:00.344608Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:33:57.428241+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-05T21:23:00.469572Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"1ae365fb-3c1d-4952-a27c-3c06bc887ccf","year":1950},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00850","last_updated":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:24:52.331112Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","title":"Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting","version":1},"reference_index":41,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:22:44.396300Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2605.00850"},"observation_digest":"sha256:448cded983534ebac3969e90d83a493378e8d518723bbbe803a97b81b449860d","observation_id":"6f216d3a-a85a-438c-b557-526fb6f5479b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-22T16:55:00.317921Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:33:57.428241+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-05T21:23:00.469572Z","title":"Dataset Grid res","venue":null,"work_id":"889c8fe4-a403-4ca7-94a5-6d442cec743f","year":1950},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00850","last_updated":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:24:52.331112Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","title":"Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting","version":1},"reference_index":42,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:22:44.396300Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2605.00850"},"observation_digest":"sha256:773664ff7cfdaf1121a74f882a0bec908f4f6044948c92c79324c621ff3db1db","observation_id":"38bc5be4-6b21-4490-921c-8533eeb17f72","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-22T16:55:00.348081Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:33:57.428241+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-05T21:23:00.469572Z","title":"Consequently, the dataset only retains stations with≥90% valid hourly data","venue":null,"work_id":"aea61723-c862-47cd-9859-c8ce5300a922","year":1950},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00850","last_updated":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:24:52.331112Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","title":"Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting","version":1},"reference_index":43,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:22:44.396300Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2605.00850"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a75cc43674dabde077a7a4870dad64c8e3801528e98371b8b923bce3daa04eb0","observation_id":"2842c025-49f1-4f67-9991-a39b31878035","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-22T16:55:00.311219Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:33:57.428241+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-05T21:23:00.469572Z","title":"•Observation filtering.We do not apply spatial or temporal interpolation; all missing values are preserved asNaN","venue":null,"work_id":"9e0c56e7-a4b8-4ecd-8ad2-1dac1b9e2fec","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00850","last_updated":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:24:52.331112Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","title":"Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting","version":1},"reference_index":44,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:22:44.396300Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2605.00850"},"observation_digest":"sha256:88e4e1ffa0b64b21687293ad11dd818c9a723e5a5cfc0ab74b5a0a3b675a8bcc","observation_id":"5d7535cb-6f8e-448e-8575-b7f06c700815","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-22T16:55:00.351700Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:33:57.428241+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-05T21:23:00.469572Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"314653af-f052-4e59-a829-2002e3d6a2ad","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00850","last_updated":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:24:52.331112Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","title":"Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting","version":1},"reference_index":45,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T03:22:44.396300Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2605.00850"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2a464dcef01b5976631f000a5fc6598fdf67afa5e17e84686ae794dc616128a1","observation_id":"06b67c78-af77-43f2-ae59-d01627a375a8","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-22T16:55:00.340585Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:33:57.428241+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}}],"paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00850","last_updated":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","latest_version":1,"primary_category":"physics.ao-ph","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:24:52.331112Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-20T11:40:39Z","title":"Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting"},"reference_resolution":{"displayed":45,"state_counts":{"malformed_identifier":1,"metadata_mismatch":2,"parse_uncertain":0,"unresolved":5,"verified_exact":29,"verified_fuzzy":8},"total_outbound_references":45},"refusal":"A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.","schema":"pith.paper-citation-record.v1","standing_sources":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T06:33:57.428241+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"thesis":"As of 5 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 45 of 45 outbound references and 2 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2605.00850."}