{"as_of":"2026-08-12T12:18:00Z","caps":{"database_statements":6,"inbound":100,"outbound":100},"context_digest":"sha256:57d3477c434e842e3d3b3d16d8b124cfad565a6f8cef5d85badbffd4f72ba513","coverage":[{"denominator":44,"lane":"reference_resolution","note":"Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.","records_observed":44,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":44,"lane":"standing_notices","note":"One-hop event checks from named stored sources.","records_observed":44,"source":"scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00","state":"measured"},{"denominator":0,"lane":"inbound_itemization","note":"Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.","records_observed":0,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":null,"state":"measured"},{"denominator":1,"lane":"external_citation_measurements","note":"A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.","records_observed":0,"source":"cited_works","source_observed_at":null,"state":"measured"}],"external_citation_measurements":[],"inbound":[],"links":{"evidence":"/evidence","html":"/paper/2606.02857/citation-record","integrity":"/paper/2606.02857/integrity","json":"/paper/2606.02857/citation-record.json","paper":"/paper/2606.02857"},"outbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","title":"International Conference on Learning Representations , volume=","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.02857","last_updated":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T08:29:32.167682Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","title":"GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning","version":1},"reference_index":1,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.02857"},"observation_digest":"sha256:0eb68fa2ee298622a40ca82b12fe8da49f7f7eee3109b0cab26be41f7c1366e5","observation_id":"b7925ba4-fde3-401d-bc37-2261d37412ad","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems , volume=","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.02857","last_updated":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T08:29:32.167682Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","title":"GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning","version":1},"reference_index":2,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.02857"},"observation_digest":"sha256:53b6268c7b0a059b4fa46a9ae0d5465318be96c48b9ce36c4c6cdad5109a1454","observation_id":"36c6641c-cf55-431a-9da9-7a68c7750b21","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","title":"Neurocomputing , volume=","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1993},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.02857","last_updated":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T08:29:32.167682Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","title":"GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning","version":1},"reference_index":3,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.02857"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b013ad335d2c9a2b28a215ed886fdd649b757b71a76d2b03c93509b1806aac97","observation_id":"e152103f-9e69-4e9b-a63c-eb93430bab79","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","title":"International Conference on Learning Representations , year=","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.02857","last_updated":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T08:29:32.167682Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","title":"GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning","version":1},"reference_index":4,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.02857"},"observation_digest":"sha256:15bd020f67c2aca8420010ba9c398c2e98081f42815ef43d5673dd3c830f0b12","observation_id":"ca949510-2c58-43a4-abd9-1a5f926e0362","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","title":"Proceedings of the 41st International Conference on Machine Learning , series=","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.02857","last_updated":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T08:29:32.167682Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","title":"GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning","version":1},"reference_index":5,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.02857"},"observation_digest":"sha256:fc562e02196a0138afc0625ad663b044ea23bca8d7fc757780b2b91dd25f07fc","observation_id":"036881c3-45c3-4325-a34b-0a20686ce626","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","title":", booktitle=","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.02857","last_updated":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T08:29:32.167682Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","title":"GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning","version":1},"reference_index":6,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.02857"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b9d88ed6343732cb3cc487dab778631f6134fd5601d8d76baee11fb7699db7f9","observation_id":"2e45dc47-fc07-4f27-ad82-da1aa91dcf5f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.02857","last_updated":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T08:29:32.167682Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","title":"GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning","version":1},"reference_index":7,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.02857"},"observation_digest":"sha256:41da56554f6c1f8d53bd679b2d683b9ffd974ca652e4f0fa394ffba616d97242","observation_id":"d8d65afa-84ad-4920-b754-f6c119ce1a18","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.02857","last_updated":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T08:29:32.167682Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","title":"GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning","version":1},"reference_index":8,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.02857"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4319a185269e8209e522bad193cd62ab13235f708494320328a9231df167d094","observation_id":"4c0182fc-29c4-4ad7-a52b-4d6e25c82982","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","title":"2025 , doi=","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.02857","last_updated":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T08:29:32.167682Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","title":"GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning","version":1},"reference_index":9,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.02857"},"observation_digest":"sha256:8bdd70b2cba243d60f08e2f37ef9eba228cfcafce7616aac018205dff23a2172","observation_id":"5adc9c38-99dc-4a5c-9b76-7f5bb41fdac2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.02857","last_updated":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T08:29:32.167682Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","title":"GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning","version":1},"reference_index":10,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.02857"},"observation_digest":"sha256:02acc00de413ec38660f27322807430e4788645fb75ceb77341302429203541c","observation_id":"234a8024-59ab-4338-ac7d-679d42d3bf94","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","title":"International Conference on Learning Representations , year=","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.02857","last_updated":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T08:29:32.167682Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","title":"GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning","version":1},"reference_index":11,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.02857"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2aeb77118eb3d30a96015d4b78be66eda69784079d0a817ab6931bf583979953","observation_id":"99382484-7b23-4fdb-a046-cb08de99ef30","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","title":"and Ba, Jimmy , booktitle=","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.02857","last_updated":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T08:29:32.167682Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","title":"GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning","version":1},"reference_index":12,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.02857"},"observation_digest":"sha256:6fd7814c0e64e34510c4c3e48538c71fecd2f73f91b99618c807f22bec021713","observation_id":"ca8d8e64-1100-4d3c-ba1d-97de8c87e755","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.02857","last_updated":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T08:29:32.167682Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","title":"GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning","version":1},"reference_index":13,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.02857"},"observation_digest":"sha256:80bccb8902f5c4e78f3900b77978f041f2de4ceafa08d23982b1459fea57dd29","observation_id":"38c622ed-945e-4a59-87f8-f1c0a41abc67","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","title":", booktitle=","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.02857","last_updated":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T08:29:32.167682Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","title":"GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning","version":1},"reference_index":14,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.02857"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b5293788bbe5d5ffa0382599c6dd4da098fd0ec9393619823a936361cea52848","observation_id":"e4c221b4-965d-4e08-9c56-931d20d635b5","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.02857","last_updated":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T08:29:32.167682Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","title":"GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning","version":1},"reference_index":15,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.02857"},"observation_digest":"sha256:72109a71d0e797d3254ddebdd1b862bff64125d00d5eedac984310bc24af8edd","observation_id":"5809e3de-dd59-4997-af4d-7b8ee3a38eb1","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.02857","last_updated":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T08:29:32.167682Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","title":"GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning","version":1},"reference_index":16,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.02857"},"observation_digest":"sha256:6acd3272bb945a541bc97a16136d41e45752645f7a5989cfa1fd36e401737790","observation_id":"95ae5ac1-beb7-4715-98e3-f9d44e6feb91","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.02857","last_updated":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T08:29:32.167682Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","title":"GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning","version":1},"reference_index":17,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.02857"},"observation_digest":"sha256:0b2424b257d81be13e7c8ce9b69de2ebdcca42b03f5e3ee4da3c9349fb16d804","observation_id":"e52e8884-c3d9-4b96-a98b-34eca5700b23","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.02857","last_updated":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T08:29:32.167682Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","title":"GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning","version":1},"reference_index":18,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.02857"},"observation_digest":"sha256:189420e5b2d50dfdd51197e8de972c9a0d3c841b27cc1bedf9636e7dea99236b","observation_id":"bf218ae4-7be8-45df-8568-71ef945853b3","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.02857","last_updated":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T08:29:32.167682Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","title":"GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning","version":1},"reference_index":19,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.02857"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9da09d714d85c66afaba62488740af639a1f40824c67137bae86a67658c0010d","observation_id":"d5756308-a98e-48ac-bcf2-7a534668ac5f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.02857","last_updated":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T08:29:32.167682Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","title":"GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning","version":1},"reference_index":20,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.02857"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2187b46c144ba766e287cf3b28958c5add263a4c8c74441be9c86e6c2488586b","observation_id":"2ffce781-96cd-49fc-9ea1-bd839b233408","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2602.17155","doi":null,"metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-02T15:37:05.748310Z","title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2602.17155 , year=","venue":null,"work_id":"1df1b796-c9ea-4b58-b17c-8f31c1b5c547","year":2026},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.02857","last_updated":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T08:29:32.167682Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","title":"GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning","version":1},"reference_index":21,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.02857"},"observation_digest":"sha256:7bfd8cf8f9e3d1347ce0e46899e77b540e50119932ea2cb364b91b010a681687","observation_id":"3049fa09-6f31-478d-b684-5db16ec2998d","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-07-01T22:16:16.732571Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T06:34:36.333875+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2510.19975","doi":null,"metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-03T17:08:43.606800Z","title":"Revisiting zeroth-order optimization: Minimum-variance two-point estimators and directionally aligned perturbations.arXiv preprint arXiv:2510.19975, 2025","venue":null,"work_id":"6cff85be-705d-42db-8743-17b0cd18a8c0","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.02857","last_updated":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T08:29:32.167682Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","title":"GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning","version":1},"reference_index":22,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.02857"},"observation_digest":"sha256:fcbd41635cc9be692da29e0692a39eeb8088d96b3ca1d153e9808c87d68e7f33","observation_id":"b06eb30b-6797-465d-a897-1570f8711da8","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-07-01T22:16:16.738156Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T06:34:36.333875+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","title":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory , volume=","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2015},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.02857","last_updated":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T08:29:32.167682Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","title":"GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning","version":1},"reference_index":23,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.02857"},"observation_digest":"sha256:5dcb14de9930d822210c84d81e33fcd0044c35ab5681fd17354e7e0a453e8a06","observation_id":"ff105fb4-626e-4409-bc5c-89985538cacf","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","title":"SIAM journal on optimization , volume=","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2013},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.02857","last_updated":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T08:29:32.167682Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","title":"GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning","version":1},"reference_index":24,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.02857"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9d681074280f25d157cf48be483c77a4bee23a0ddd22972729b1944e321d5a79","observation_id":"d4cb4546-c64c-4556-b93e-1210ea35c726","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","title":"IEEE transactions on automatic control , volume=","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2002},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.02857","last_updated":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T08:29:32.167682Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","title":"GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning","version":1},"reference_index":25,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.02857"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1734d3ca274dff0189a6706cddb0f8788259bcb744145ed986c524a1b26ee468","observation_id":"4c3adb9d-7949-4244-9e2e-fae063d38a40","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.02857","last_updated":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T08:29:32.167682Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","title":"GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning","version":1},"reference_index":26,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.02857"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4fe16bb50de1362796654c61ff9c31300756ea92dd6db814444ce7e61b1d90a0","observation_id":"0563d14a-b785-4061-9e0b-634ecfa52443","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","title":"Poor man's training on","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.02857","last_updated":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T08:29:32.167682Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","title":"GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning","version":1},"reference_index":27,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.02857"},"observation_digest":"sha256:cd59ac149c8c6f72ec8ae339981aa91ee6c940e852323afabe08adf5ed2cb284","observation_id":"9dee4d96-e00e-41b0-b7a9-054c4e5439da","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","title":"IEEE Signal Processing Magazine , volume=","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.02857","last_updated":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T08:29:32.167682Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","title":"GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning","version":1},"reference_index":28,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.02857"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f9eb24d864990f61d820d6bec528ab54073a54a43eaec6e89c6269049eab88e7","observation_id":"d12f7076-01f2-4ca6-b929-b48cf1d08101","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","title":"Foundations of Computational Mathematics , volume=","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2017},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.02857","last_updated":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T08:29:32.167682Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","title":"GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning","version":1},"reference_index":29,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.02857"},"observation_digest":"sha256:38da37f57ba9cc2ebae4bde5b40755c01640988dff88b77b0a642311da0cd405","observation_id":"b68d6d6f-3728-47e3-9d8a-017f81207210","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","title":"International Conference on Machine Learning , pages=","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.02857","last_updated":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T08:29:32.167682Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","title":"GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning","version":1},"reference_index":30,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.02857"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d630f7c7e202761405da172b42b871440db9f7193052f2e9a660d5e898b044e4","observation_id":"4e3feca0-5fe0-4cfb-a312-824049f74de7","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","title":"International Conference on Machine Learning , pages=","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.02857","last_updated":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T08:29:32.167682Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","title":"GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning","version":1},"reference_index":31,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.02857"},"observation_digest":"sha256:7518ee9a6e8e6609aea2705ade7d3a88975e1ba8f39900fc404d018a4d7be096","observation_id":"d8916565-5bea-4cb4-b70f-e5d2f228339c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.02857","last_updated":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T08:29:32.167682Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","title":"GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning","version":1},"reference_index":32,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.02857"},"observation_digest":"sha256:23d581e3589ab7ef3e9042c5dad4f905f536f3b2a90838e27724bf4eb669332f","observation_id":"f3914386-f282-47a4-918f-87b615e675ac","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","title":"Foundations of Computational Mathematics , volume=","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.02857","last_updated":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T08:29:32.167682Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","title":"GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning","version":1},"reference_index":33,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.02857"},"observation_digest":"sha256:92f59aa1f45549349897a6894aba616c3be7d321e618f0bcfca6f301829b391c","observation_id":"dcfcbd37-cafd-4923-a29f-d24f940edc5d","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.02857","last_updated":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T08:29:32.167682Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","title":"GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning","version":1},"reference_index":34,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.02857"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2d1d7622f001db28c0ecb85b3902d6505f020fc17aa3b7aaee02ba20b9da0b02","observation_id":"e4df9694-cc16-4202-bad3-3ae146a5f018","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2308.09858","last_updated":"2023-10-09T18:00:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T16:07:53.214338Z","submitted_at":"2023-08-18T23:56:50Z","title":"Tensor-Compressed Back-Propagation-Free Training for (Physics-Informed) Neural Networks","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2308.09858","doi":null,"metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2308.09858","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-02T01:36:25.817193Z","title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2308.09858 , year=","venue":null,"work_id":"dc314160-4f71-4234-8891-36e5c72cc34c","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.02857","last_updated":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T08:29:32.167682Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","title":"GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning","version":1},"reference_index":35,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2308.09858","citing_paper":"/paper/2606.02857"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2b79e273930bcb17ffd4979051b1367e2b070e5dc7b12d39bec227d24bf6f455","observation_id":"3e06bcd2-4e8e-4ec9-a207-da36d2ff5e39","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-07-01T22:16:16.735542Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T06:34:36.333875+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.02857","last_updated":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T08:29:32.167682Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","title":"GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning","version":1},"reference_index":36,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.02857"},"observation_digest":"sha256:60cd73c6177b28e46610366ad69220be0d57fbbb5807908148f8c5729eeb0b09","observation_id":"59dd7a71-7b70-4e11-9f66-2ec3f6670bfb","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.02857","last_updated":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T08:29:32.167682Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","title":"GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning","version":1},"reference_index":37,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.02857"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ee50d8647e5ea42f5f505624d93222d311f48ebcf72d754260577b63a33f0013","observation_id":"b9335fb9-5aec-4071-b901-420091365904","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.02857","last_updated":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T08:29:32.167682Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","title":"GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning","version":1},"reference_index":38,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.02857"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d8f91051d3d8174b7f86b04a3cc5282d6dd323b819872caac00c1f2bc36e3171","observation_id":"a2953d3d-89db-4733-86cb-2c1b094eafd2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.02857","last_updated":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T08:29:32.167682Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","title":"GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning","version":1},"reference_index":39,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.02857"},"observation_digest":"sha256:441967508a43013ba493d1e33ad07f0d3245ed87db83232890cdc0e4ebf648d3","observation_id":"c1fc1e55-fe77-4d55-8e43-0fd689fae8af","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.02857","last_updated":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T08:29:32.167682Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","title":"GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning","version":1},"reference_index":40,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.02857"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d4f9442bd9b3334ea211cb2c138e5b1179dd3a44fa2733f927bfebe80f301e58","observation_id":"95c7f8d0-4194-4da3-abee-ab8c3bb7170c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.02857","last_updated":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T08:29:32.167682Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","title":"GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning","version":1},"reference_index":41,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.02857"},"observation_digest":"sha256:217df348799ba86bd44f8e1d1fbba291d2c2aa6a427755e1ea938967f0ba59ee","observation_id":"bcc299d1-bd8b-45fe-bc77-61f78d8409ef","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.02857","last_updated":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T08:29:32.167682Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","title":"GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning","version":1},"reference_index":42,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.02857"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b38f796def7248489d8413187f5b63edb3d4adf64b1b8be4e41c868205c65952","observation_id":"f25d76cb-ccc6-4cf8-9daa-32039507403d","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","title":"Parameter-efficient transfer learning for","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.02857","last_updated":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T08:29:32.167682Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","title":"GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning","version":1},"reference_index":43,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.02857"},"observation_digest":"sha256:17453c29c682c58a5b2dc10e4b376d17e0799cad94a7de4c81bd377bb173d45b","observation_id":"d321e5f8-5044-42f3-ad9f-95a46e709726","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","title":"Proceedings of the 2021 conference on empirical methods in natural language processing , pages=","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.02857","last_updated":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T08:29:32.167682Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","title":"GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning","version":1},"reference_index":44,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.02857"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b33dc415caa807540836a431688354b329c5f32ca9dd0ced39564c4e1dae358a","observation_id":"d0ef3cdb-5e31-4c9f-aa83-8889c51d8722","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}}],"paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.02857","last_updated":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","latest_version":1,"primary_category":"cs.LG","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T08:29:32.167682Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-01T20:19:36Z","title":"GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning"},"reference_resolution":{"displayed":44,"state_counts":{"malformed_identifier":0,"metadata_mismatch":0,"parse_uncertain":0,"unresolved":41,"verified_exact":3,"verified_fuzzy":0},"total_outbound_references":44},"refusal":"A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.","schema":"pith.paper-citation-record.v1","standing_sources":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T06:34:36.333875+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"thesis":"As of 12 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 44 of 44 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2606.02857."}