{"as_of":"2026-08-07T23:48:00Z","caps":{"database_statements":6,"inbound":100,"outbound":100},"context_digest":"sha256:1e39c3ca8d67339c401ab9f53602f49a479cc7d5389bc831f66aab4bbea6fb2a","coverage":[{"denominator":51,"lane":"reference_resolution","note":"Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.","records_observed":51,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":52,"lane":"standing_notices","note":"One-hop event checks from named stored sources.","records_observed":52,"source":"scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","state":"measured"},{"denominator":1,"lane":"inbound_itemization","note":"Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.","records_observed":1,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-07-12T14:55:13.702631Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":1,"lane":"external_citation_measurements","note":"A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.","records_observed":0,"source":"cited_works","source_observed_at":null,"state":"measured"}],"external_citation_measurements":[],"inbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2606.05420","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-12T14:55:13.702631Z","title":"Bargagli-Stoffi","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2026},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.02531","last_updated":"2026-06-05T13:51:11Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:12:11.181950Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-05T13:51:11Z","title":"The Hidden Water Geography of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers in the AI Era","version":1},"reference_index":19,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-07-12T14:55:13.702631Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2606.05420","citing_paper":"/paper/2607.02531"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c0e334ac1c526486b79f0b2a3b142b70a4c8591f58e73f633e32d7a502a13437","observation_id":"0862b8c6-9cb2-47b0-b003-8afac69448ce","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-07-12T14:55:13.702631Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}}],"links":{"evidence":"/evidence","html":"/paper/2606.05420/citation-record","integrity":"/paper/2606.05420/integrity","json":"/paper/2606.05420/citation-record.json","paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"outbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","title":"Crawford","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":1,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:134e67369390dc2ac832bec593670108d741b13b83df889a37d953bae31d0512","observation_id":"8e134c89-ea59-4f5a-a521-49dd6e148c12","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","title":"Erdenesanaa","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":2,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:5ca18ac888de7613be9bd08e61c0682c3203b2d202a1d2fea9abb5c5491dd4e9","observation_id":"93617d26-8a82-4c19-9f32-e1c5bafb4472","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2104.10350","last_updated":"2021-04-23T14:26:29Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T11:02:18.405330Z","submitted_at":"2021-04-21T04:44:25Z","title":"Carbon Emissions and Large Neural Network Training","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2104.10350","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2104.10350","metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"2104.10350","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":"Carbon Emissions and Large Neural Network Training","venue":"cs.LG","work_id":"5cd5f484-8e24-440f-8bed-e8a801f4ac40","year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":3,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2104.10350","citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:179979df960dc49813afceb7829bddb45f9d865c6b472f355c9c548f33a1ae32","observation_id":"d5d3f195-729c-4ef8-99b3-27ba88a8d657","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-07-02T08:16:48.050435Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-05-24T00:53:19.119642+00:00","source":"crossref_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-05-24T00:53:19.119642+00:00","source":"openalex_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:11.927384+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","title":"Mytton, M","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2032},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":4,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:da4de9862b1e467d663c2c8c6b9a060326fe24fa1c2e473b806d1825da25d6ed","observation_id":"30af8d45-e934-408b-9c91-64b8585b6ad7","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","title":"Shehabi,et al., 2024 United States Data Center Energy Usage Report,Tech","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":5,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:129d91468614eb96d14f2d64d905f2f208484d5fccfd02acc5b06a210fc1ddc1","observation_id":"9e5e1aad-1582-489d-846a-d604962e4091","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":6,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:cd1bcb74d7c20fb6f096bc76aa997180d47927f1daea74d0442783ed55673ed7","observation_id":"53ab049e-41f2-4796-8e26-fbab601aa4bf","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","title":"Kamiya, P","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":7,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:da4e118591f28e54eb720bab701301706ceee0df501a4b77f7c2c0d0b9c2135b","observation_id":"e4a6e449-a6c8-4e2c-8641-5be627aac109","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":8,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a2b33b702fe30cc800e133c758e0ce4f6468b5c62e2ab7b5b38af2adcf9454bf","observation_id":"c186cc95-2241-479e-8472-ab68c6f04694","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","title":"Dayarathna, Y","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2015},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":9,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:6f1c63a8f19d9ce6e895c82222d728a3f6ea15f027545b025770b3bf3c635050","observation_id":"f6b45ccf-ff51-48a0-a905-e5e08e14a114","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","title":"Guidi,et al","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":10,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:34acdeababb1aa747c68870ff232807cd4afdb26820c778bcc21282b63625c4e","observation_id":"a39737cb-7941-48c0-97cd-325cd79a5420","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","title":"Stokel-Walker","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":11,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:021851cb7f9e14336ee9d88a3369be015f70c0e9c5235475bbee7dc982e2c342","observation_id":"46ed8aeb-2bcb-4f90-b399-a2101876726b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1906.02243","last_updated":"2019-06-05T18:40:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T07:58:15.564292Z","submitted_at":"2019-06-05T18:40:53Z","title":"Energy and Policy Considerations for Deep Learning in NLP","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"1906.02243","doi":"10.18653/v1/p19-1355","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"1906.02243","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-11T11:50:26.030339Z","title":"Energy and Policy Considerations for Deep Learning in NLP","venue":"cs.CL","work_id":"33ac678f-b75d-4caf-b8a6-9a4d65b1748c","year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":12,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1906.02243","citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d19650601824bc1e711a17e349419332ead08e985dd6086b5911347aaaa2073c","observation_id":"b95b8662-4b58-47ea-8ccf-f828d968fe14","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-07-02T08:16:48.047442Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T01:08:12.114132+00:00","source":"crossref_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T01:08:12.114132+00:00","source":"openalex_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:11.927384+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","title":"Shehabi,et al., United states data center energy usage report,Tech","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2016},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":13,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:307ba670819ccfe4c47e7fa676d2ce8a1bb8975f6cfe7c4898b158fa1a3cfe35","observation_id":"fa875085-9185-47e3-8c30-b59c78f04c98","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","title":"Ferreira, G","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":14,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ac04a8cacd420c982a78405a385e1241b592cef262ca7f5aef3c453592af62ad","observation_id":"39d1d9cb-2d45-4587-a9a6-d18cce0072ae","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","title":"Energy Information Administration, How much electricity is consumed in the U.S","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":15,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:797931a45590c7d454ef1b8debf831f4312aeaf6951dde4b079d843b49aa5502","observation_id":"0f0f03b0-72b7-4280-8a0e-debae87782e2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":16,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:dd0e6ecdee14c1bfefe929a673919b30c4f3ac11808e6d342213406aaaeb14c9","observation_id":"6e0144c1-406b-4902-a5c0-aad30d9a1ac6","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":17,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c09025fb303f62eb307376ae179e49b167e254dddda58b6b2c84afec4f116d50","observation_id":"fe2959ac-f778-4670-a0d8-11c3ca1751c7","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":18,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d09ec6549ac265db73483bdc4b4b404f633b3549eb998dc0cc553f3f542ba9f4","observation_id":"5ea2a643-d4a8-48a9-af8b-a880921dbf01","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","title":"Stoll, L","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":19,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:10e782bb90ac372e145b1e6cf93a235a92ffb9a45881e4866d8aae41b4a066f2","observation_id":"9c8db86c-a9a3-405f-85ab-ee86fc99e303","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","title":"rep., International Energy Agency (2025)","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":20,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:80888fb114e332690a3119696dd7c5d55a06da832d791c3389fabedddd8dbf05","observation_id":"8e31a39c-8913-4dee-970c-ffe32c5d1159","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","title":"Energy Information Administration, State energy data system (seds): Fuel use by state, https://www.eia.gov/state/seds/sep_fuel/html/pdf/fuel_use_es .pdf(2023)","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":21,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:5738fcc9402aa5ff34a6564dd48871d57819b71acef48a97ccb977a248d6bd32","observation_id":"ff1873b7-b776-40e2-bcf9-49e6f9a81384","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":22,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9d55d184f0954cf0eeaa229ba75c2a24e3ad8217cf667100bda62aa0d6b664d3","observation_id":"e06651dd-56c1-444c-973d-1af6edd4035a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":23,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:737026421d25cc545b6624730116927f8aab348582dee2f03c069a58a13df902","observation_id":"2c866ffb-4050-4413-9ec8-61fff27b3252","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","title":"Sachs, Ai to drive 165% increase in data center power demand by 2030 (2023)","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2030},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":24,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f79feddefc313dccb37fbbcd9258cbf15075fe2ab08b18ec77b94186440178d7","observation_id":"4ae2c393-2362-4667-b1ff-c3b748161908","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"3004.2022","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2022.2088402","metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":null,"venue":"Carbon Management","work_id":"11284a34-5614-4c1f-b2e7-8cdf9fa60bba","year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":25,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:fba303b1df264250ac13966422499360f2c273062660562c2555bfa96645ede8","observation_id":"8fd6bcf1-7144-4e55-8af0-836cb0f1919e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:21:42.862037Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:11.927384+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","title":"Environmental Protection Agency, Frequent Questions about eGRID (2024)","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":26,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2d186ab1cbce0be993ca1eb791fcd68de3b72ee49323753657f0a5a9acb92086","observation_id":"bd53503a-2785-4660-b799-5f213fa5af65","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","title":"Accessed: 7-October-2024","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":27,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:7f0a705050d4da5cd9dd4571c9d447c792940d191e78fd9ef51348c84c71b57b","observation_id":"a1fb15af-c931-49d0-ac2e-5cdb5c44a596","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","title":"rep., International Data Corporation, Framingham, MA (2023)","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":28,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:8cd2199c6b481cbdd50a62449f8169b191cfcc3a3b778cbd7606b5c4545bafc2","observation_id":"9e247187-87f9-425e-9728-d4a205bfb9e1","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","title":"rep., International Data Corporation, Framingham, MA (2023)","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":29,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:cb9d2ff0143b8d04e8498aa64adff275a06d9fd5a833779ca0ea0803e871e1eb","observation_id":"f1c4f487-a3f4-4618-beb2-ee56e3325cb7","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","title":"[Accessed 29-October-2024]","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":30,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f37f78b6d23b446d90ab3a3b31cd54f433564be63285923957a33b8f72c21c18","observation_id":"02dfc19a-0944-44a9-8891-c112007d5a6e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":31,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a71384d4390dcb10d4e05b1b535b8a1a01d5e54e35ecb87afb7a66489cb3ec5b","observation_id":"02aa8840-0f10-416c-b8f3-178af45772eb","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":32,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:825673065e74fd01176224e349a51c77694249504d7e545fd8d01cd8079daeea","observation_id":"f8c89ab3-3a03-4344-a6c8-7ecbc23bde3b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","title":"Report on data center industry transforma- tion and investment trends","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":33,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2d64fddcf1775275e4194e2cab6cb480b7d64b57d733488f41b9fd00811b3ffb","observation_id":"b8226e1a-f1f7-4887-8d30-da68038c8ac5","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","title":"Choukse, M","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":34,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:bd509eaf2cd2f96463e29bd399ef8495de6b01d215ecea1a709957af5c9613b6","observation_id":"0e01298a-34d2-40f4-bc37-5b5c83f05c91","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","title":"Ekvall, A.-M","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2005},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":35,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2f40115e8528137b27a98dcdd17d0bf2bca550a28af907567efe67eb8cc32033","observation_id":"40315558-7b8b-4e10-8105-bb4ad32f9e34","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","title":"Nordenstam","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":36,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:97b92f114c366d74722beb18f2d960f81ef51aa3e30a0ccc01ad4a140d875745","observation_id":"01c186fb-55a5-4140-b5e9-e56877e3eff6","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","title":"Energy Information Administration, Electric power monthly,Technical report, U.S","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":37,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e16f7d93ebac5eaee0971768403673a273ae6b97031572329c69eef195765dcd","observation_id":"78da4445-dad5-42b5-b19d-04f39a5ff49e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","title":"Energy Information Administration, Electricity generation, capacity, and sales in the United States (2023)","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":38,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:265aee02873a3b8897fdfa4e9c545ccc2af949da470211194f58556b493466d7","observation_id":"2a97961e-e17e-4772-8b3d-1813d521b412","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2311.08589","last_updated":"2023-11-14T23:20:50Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T16:47:41.767386Z","submitted_at":"2023-11-14T23:20:50Z","title":"Carbon Responder: Coordinating Demand Response for the Datacenter Fleet","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2311.08589","doi":null,"metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2311.08589","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-02T08:16:48.040576Z","title":"Carbon responder: Coordinating demand response for the datacenter fleet","venue":null,"work_id":"a9d93380-64a4-4b05-83fe-522c993846d3","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":39,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2311.08589","citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e0f505d73dbf533c8292442710fd3cc611620305bd93af8a7de541b439392acb","observation_id":"eda4f6c7-2bff-400d-bfd5-27b354144319","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-07-02T08:16:48.042281Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:11.927384+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","title":"Jagannadharao, N","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":40,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ad29c1101139ec470a2381c509f9748f356d1d139f0920d27d7e692aa01fa5a3","observation_id":"5ccb0294-6092-456b-8a5c-ef0a24d5dc22","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2206.05229","last_updated":"2022-06-10T17:04:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T13:19:33.903865Z","submitted_at":"2022-06-10T17:04:04Z","title":"Measuring the Carbon Intensity of AI in Cloud Instances","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2206.05229","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2206.05229","metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2206.05229","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":"Smith, Nicole DeCario, and Will Buchanan","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","work_id":"c90f2479-80ee-40d2-a81e-697fa083da0c","year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":41,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2206.05229","citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:176d27bc73f8b7acd6760adaca9c6b0bb00f24377047a8363007094e39a51ea4","observation_id":"84d4c655-4f2c-40cf-8f26-6a7d6b60531a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-07-02T08:16:48.044946Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:11.927384+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","title":"Gagnon, W","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":42,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:efe5c2d6cd5a142492b52423c107be00a27fff348d13531a10058339405665fc","observation_id":"32ae4ce4-5794-4d48-b450-76a2e5fc10d9","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","title":"Prettenhofer, G","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2014},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":43,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:16f6da3f3f9898cfecb821987a26089c0bddfbcca1ff74ce65a663b80f83fcc8","observation_id":"2cc94cfe-03a1-4f39-8960-32ad17327625","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","title":"Istrate,et al","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":44,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a5a2b6abaf4f5ddea199fcdf2bd804b4094130ff2dd9c5b03c3da6b7b0f869b3","observation_id":"5af5ea3c-2e3c-4b3a-96c8-ef7b26d944da","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","title":"Niewenhuis, S","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":45,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d038a31789909b44454adf6c22272182539f2ac97a283dd4ab1b64d9c05313b8","observation_id":"2228ddd4-9694-4944-8578-69b84796b800","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","title":"Sarkar,et al.,Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence(2024), vol","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":46,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2a1152615db8271c4b665ca9905bdaf4e5a68b3f1dfb6907902d5dcbe3a6b9b6","observation_id":"308e3e26-200b-4873-934d-01f71d16acd9","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","title":"Masanet, A","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":47,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:3cf1b4afe830a2a7c5646f4920cad89b42b35a04038df0d61a3249407a63115b","observation_id":"78025ab7-5c7d-4cd4-9541-d07bb7fc40eb","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","title":"Luers,et al","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":48,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:205b78655148732b209ef80c34e50b2753d561401d6c01434cee45e327f3e680","observation_id":"e2a21eae-67e0-40f9-9e38-2cd17cd49c17","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","title":"Masanet, N","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":49,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c709824fd0994a86d2029c3033da1d70279c70cbaf3e4b413daab8db1a5e6917","observation_id":"958a392a-076b-4db9-9427-1e3a4bd22354","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":50,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c7f90470d712f9c60dcb6d0dfc56ba7798d2fd4e86855bf480137ae2ba676ba1","observation_id":"5948807f-5139-49d9-8012-03b8703ed755","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2012},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers","version":1},"reference_index":51,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05420"},"observation_digest":"sha256:dace506b154963d2c966a985267afd51736412d224dfa9285eeaf83bf20304c7","observation_id":"ec3a8381-e7d2-4a10-a8f9-ac41797009a2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:13:27.003166Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"malformed_identifier"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}}],"paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05420","last_updated":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","latest_version":1,"primary_category":"cs.AI","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:11:33.300383Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T20:38:10Z","title":"Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers"},"reference_resolution":{"displayed":51,"state_counts":{"malformed_identifier":1,"metadata_mismatch":0,"parse_uncertain":0,"unresolved":45,"verified_exact":5,"verified_fuzzy":0},"total_outbound_references":51},"refusal":"A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.","schema":"pith.paper-citation-record.v1","standing_sources":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T06:34:11.927384+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"thesis":"As of 7 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 51 of 51 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2606.05420."}