{"as_of":"2026-08-24T01:05:00Z","caps":{"database_statements":6,"inbound":100,"outbound":100},"context_digest":"sha256:fb971f715db24040e4053140b82fc08edc296c0887287bb2defffc74ad665740","coverage":[{"denominator":17,"lane":"reference_resolution","note":"Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.","records_observed":17,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:06.287529Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":17,"lane":"standing_notices","note":"One-hop event checks from named stored sources.","records_observed":17,"source":"scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache","source_observed_at":"2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00","state":"measured"},{"denominator":0,"lane":"inbound_itemization","note":"Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.","records_observed":0,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":null,"state":"measured"},{"denominator":1,"lane":"external_citation_measurements","note":"A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.","records_observed":0,"source":"cited_works","source_observed_at":null,"state":"measured"}],"external_citation_measurements":[],"inbound":[],"links":{"evidence":"/evidence","html":"/paper/2606.25909/citation-record","integrity":"/paper/2606.25909/integrity","json":"/paper/2606.25909/citation-record.json","paper":"/paper/2606.25909"},"outbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:04.393548Z","title":"Investment versus output subsidies: Implications of alternative incentives for wind energy,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.25909","last_updated":"2026-07-30T20:46:11Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T23:10:57.001978Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-24T14:56:50Z","title":"General Equilibrium Effects of Carbon Offsets","version":2},"reference_index":1,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:04.393548Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.25909"},"observation_digest":"sha256:276cc8330469a6be1df3d8ee306f35b64a29554672851df3d596ec2bcd961946","observation_id":"da24c07e-3169-4fd0-9810-1a584f358ff6","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:04.393548Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:05.436531Z","title":"Carbon offset demand hits record in 2023 off huge December,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.25909","last_updated":"2026-07-30T20:46:11Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T23:10:57.001978Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-24T14:56:50Z","title":"General Equilibrium Effects of Carbon Offsets","version":2},"reference_index":8,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:05.436531Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.25909"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4bea7fe7d1b0acbae73d939abdeffed16798fd2cec25916fec90a061b21564ae","observation_id":"c6c4e7b4-cd50-4932-a185-ae4fe08a5fc0","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:05.436531Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:05.512861Z","title":"Reflections—What would it take to reduce US greenhouse gas emissions 80 percent by 2050?,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2050},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.25909","last_updated":"2026-07-30T20:46:11Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T23:10:57.001978Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-24T14:56:50Z","title":"General Equilibrium Effects of Carbon Offsets","version":2},"reference_index":9,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:05.512861Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.25909"},"observation_digest":"sha256:92dd359d25a6e0f66ef524dc9cb7fa4bfedd3e52292ab7f7f8af43a3e34649fc","observation_id":"b09e1cf5-ff5b-4305-9716-b3f83c8ebff5","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:05.512861Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:05.679925Z","title":"Emissions trading, firm heterogeneity, and intra-industry reallo- cations in the long run,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2015},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.25909","last_updated":"2026-07-30T20:46:11Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T23:10:57.001978Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-24T14:56:50Z","title":"General Equilibrium Effects of Carbon Offsets","version":2},"reference_index":11,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:05.679925Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.25909"},"observation_digest":"sha256:27ea15679114d126ee1b841f7d0ee2253b7bba514fa23e5c5b11035653e19026","observation_id":"7d5cbc41-aa4b-4256-91eb-fb7b2aaf0549","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:05.679925Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:05.788743Z","title":"The additionality problem with offsets: Optimal contracts for carbon sequestration in forests,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2026},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.25909","last_updated":"2026-07-30T20:46:11Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T23:10:57.001978Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-24T14:56:50Z","title":"General Equilibrium Effects of Carbon Offsets","version":2},"reference_index":12,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:05.788743Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.25909"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e8d9f31a21148a5062c30349f63473d890b1b30f113bcb610b4d159f3203186c","observation_id":"11c8a57b-001f-4cc4-b10d-7f69194db1b0","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:05.788743Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:06.003504Z","title":"Optimal taxation of externalities interacting through markets: A theoretical general equilibrium analysis,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2011},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.25909","last_updated":"2026-07-30T20:46:11Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T23:10:57.001978Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-24T14:56:50Z","title":"General Equilibrium Effects of Carbon Offsets","version":2},"reference_index":14,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:06.003504Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.25909"},"observation_digest":"sha256:87bdca8ba1cdf7c754a784e2a650c774cf5f69d0e4521e9861d6626dbe82a5f5","observation_id":"aaf79c4d-1805-470c-93b2-75bd681df128","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:06.003504Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:06.125713Z","title":"Annual Energy Outlook 2025,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.25909","last_updated":"2026-07-30T20:46:11Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T23:10:57.001978Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-24T14:56:50Z","title":"General Equilibrium Effects of Carbon Offsets","version":2},"reference_index":15,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:06.125713Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.25909"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a5953e946b394d7c4520ef9532b9fed71f3dc17cb7c2a6c4b8ac032637066382","observation_id":"fca0ce95-cd1f-42e9-89cf-4b49e12d61b8","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:06.125713Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:06.221931Z","title":"U.S. Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions, 2024,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.25909","last_updated":"2026-07-30T20:46:11Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T23:10:57.001978Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-24T14:56:50Z","title":"General Equilibrium Effects of Carbon Offsets","version":2},"reference_index":16,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:06.221931Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.25909"},"observation_digest":"sha256:04700fa6cd42f3c244c4cc6faf747ccc6d2109ec7258df6561358e19b56f43cf","observation_id":"37b7ccf7-fbb0-4fd9-aa3e-8e2b874c3923","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:06.221931Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:05.078851Z","title":"Costs of energy efficiency mandates can reverse the sign of rebound,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.25909","last_updated":"2026-07-30T20:46:11Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T23:10:57.001978Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-24T14:56:50Z","title":"General Equilibrium Effects of Carbon Offsets","version":2},"reference_index":1997,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:05.078851Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.25909"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ca539f049011edb9a79a93ba1a0da96aa3b4fd492d7ef46460f574cba9a6e65c","observation_id":"4e177e3d-64a6-4585-a575-af8e53328d8b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:05.078851Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:05.910004Z","title":"Constructing carbon offsets: The obstacles to quantifying emission reductions,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2010},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.25909","last_updated":"2026-07-30T20:46:11Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T23:10:57.001978Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-24T14:56:50Z","title":"General Equilibrium Effects of Carbon Offsets","version":2},"reference_index":2008,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:05.910004Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.25909"},"observation_digest":"sha256:22a47e181eafc15940e77fb0b936ff15b4ba73a1e4f326107358db059e933eee","observation_id":"a8023566-a17d-444a-b1ee-364256310062","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:05.910004Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:04.735740Z","title":"Do carbon offsets offset carbon?,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.25909","last_updated":"2026-07-30T20:46:11Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T23:10:57.001978Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-24T14:56:50Z","title":"General Equilibrium Effects of Carbon Offsets","version":2},"reference_index":2010,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:04.735740Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.25909"},"observation_digest":"sha256:489136c761f90a1fe7f085efe1e1ede4891168a972fdcb4da212e71a1de35d61","observation_id":"16d169e6-a0d7-4e0a-a002-942ccdfa269b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:04.735740Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:05.187626Z","title":"An Impossible Goal: When Trade Ratios Cannot Achieve No-Net-Loss,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.25909","last_updated":"2026-07-30T20:46:11Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T23:10:57.001978Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-24T14:56:50Z","title":"General Equilibrium Effects of Carbon Offsets","version":2},"reference_index":2016,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:05.187626Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.25909"},"observation_digest":"sha256:70428348d8f62f6627a116f160a5fe0daa5d37d88252453faf7f237122bb05c1","observation_id":"574b296b-bc4e-4fb0-aaf1-713a14d12bbf","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:05.187626Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:05.314408Z","title":"The cost of carbon leakage: Britain’s carbon price support and cross-border electricity trade,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.25909","last_updated":"2026-07-30T20:46:11Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T23:10:57.001978Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-24T14:56:50Z","title":"General Equilibrium Effects of Carbon Offsets","version":2},"reference_index":2017,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:05.314408Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.25909"},"observation_digest":"sha256:92f6b95268841c901287bc031badaae45006674ef235ed67fc2e7a897c1029d7","observation_id":"0de98999-2e7d-4f39-bc19-b9a3e5cb9538","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:05.314408Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:06.287529Z","title":"Scale and transfers in international emissions offset programs,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2013},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.25909","last_updated":"2026-07-30T20:46:11Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T23:10:57.001978Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-24T14:56:50Z","title":"General Equilibrium Effects of Carbon Offsets","version":2},"reference_index":2022,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:06.287529Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.25909"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d69711b47cf518709091922db0b8fae46fea1cc42befdadd7a2b70e0b0cbb265","observation_id":"e7042049-ef4e-440c-b8b8-035ed7311b75","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:06.287529Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:04.522924Z","title":"Emissions reductions or green booms? General equilibrium effects of a renewable portfolio standard,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.25909","last_updated":"2026-07-30T20:46:11Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T23:10:57.001978Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-24T14:56:50Z","title":"General Equilibrium Effects of Carbon Offsets","version":2},"reference_index":2024,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:04.522924Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.25909"},"observation_digest":"sha256:eb7ae339ee02b949c898b08de332b10f4f61534902876d47a0b8c1f0fdee663a","observation_id":"371523a4-c855-4116-af47-f41d53d32a50","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:04.522924Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:04.938083Z","title":"Carbon Capture and Storage in the United States (#59832),","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2026},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.25909","last_updated":"2026-07-30T20:46:11Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T23:10:57.001978Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-24T14:56:50Z","title":"General Equilibrium Effects of Carbon Offsets","version":2},"reference_index":2025,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:04.938083Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.25909"},"observation_digest":"sha256:3a5611e9dc09baaac73a2ed58ddd4ca8e089eea4a2a5f2fb46217c6d554edccb","observation_id":"60a57dc8-b15f-4707-bd12-d172c4fbe748","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:04.938083Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:05.608580Z","title":"Electricity market deregulation and environmental regulation: Evidence from US nuclear power,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.25909","last_updated":"2026-07-30T20:46:11Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T23:10:57.001978Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-24T14:56:50Z","title":"General Equilibrium Effects of Carbon Offsets","version":2},"reference_index":2026,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:05.608580Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2606.25909"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e0239752c095e1678fd9f4d8e786300051d8fff9752deaa39eac09e4303f0bf6","observation_id":"4842cf4f-63d7-4a83-996b-f455eb67eb7f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T02:16:05.608580Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}}],"paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.25909","last_updated":"2026-07-30T20:46:11Z","latest_version":2,"primary_category":"econ.GN","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T23:10:57.001978Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-24T14:56:50Z","title":"General Equilibrium Effects of Carbon Offsets"},"reference_resolution":{"displayed":17,"state_counts":{"malformed_identifier":0,"metadata_mismatch":0,"parse_uncertain":0,"unresolved":17,"verified_exact":0,"verified_fuzzy":0},"total_outbound_references":17},"refusal":"A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.","schema":"pith.paper-citation-record.v1","standing_sources":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-23T06:30:53.778098+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"thesis":"As of 24 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 17 of 17 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2606.25909."}