{"as_of":"2026-08-14T07:37:00Z","caps":{"database_statements":6,"inbound":100,"outbound":100},"context_digest":"sha256:e406fac8c3880bfa47a0a674427bac9fc29478b9db66ff7c1c8f0ab55b423cf9","coverage":[{"denominator":37,"lane":"reference_resolution","note":"Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.","records_observed":37,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:48.747153Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":37,"lane":"standing_notices","note":"One-hop event checks from named stored sources.","records_observed":37,"source":"scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","state":"measured"},{"denominator":0,"lane":"inbound_itemization","note":"Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.","records_observed":0,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":null,"state":"measured"},{"denominator":1,"lane":"external_citation_measurements","note":"A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.","records_observed":0,"source":"cited_works","source_observed_at":null,"state":"measured"}],"external_citation_measurements":[],"inbound":[],"links":{"evidence":"/evidence","html":"/paper/2607.14479/citation-record","integrity":"/paper/2607.14479/integrity","json":"/paper/2607.14479/citation-record.json","paper":"/paper/2607.14479"},"outbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:43.657820Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.14479","last_updated":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T07:22:13.572237Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","title":"BioTIER: A Refusal Benchmark for Targeted Biological Risk Mitigation","version":1},"reference_index":1,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:43.657820Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2607.14479"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d2f1aa98074b4bd7cd97ea25b0d7d0ca6c8e1ba200860cd8233c346f2f249103","observation_id":"73eac829-dda9-4439-9df3-126b36712211","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:43.657820Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.09.007","metadata_source":"openalex","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":"Large language models for biological sequence analysis in infectious disease research.Biosafety and Health, 7(5):323–332, October 2025","venue":"Biosafety and Health","work_id":"32d3b33d-b626-4ce0-a488-a5cf1f3d3508","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.14479","last_updated":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T07:22:13.572237Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","title":"BioTIER: A Refusal Benchmark for Targeted Biological Risk Mitigation","version":1},"reference_index":2,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:43.780710Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2607.14479"},"observation_digest":"sha256:847941c55fcda397b72b107ab57426887d16b8c3fdec0c844261e22711d6bb13","observation_id":"24f4eb63-b742-4035-8c7b-53b255dce046","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:04:24.008752Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2505.08054","last_updated":"2025-07-15T10:03:15Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T22:15:18.945453Z","submitted_at":"2025-05-12T20:45:25Z","title":"FalseReject: A Resource for Improving Contextual Safety and Mitigating Over-Refusals in LLMs via Structured Reasoning","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2505.08054","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:43.977112Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.14479","last_updated":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T07:22:13.572237Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","title":"BioTIER: A Refusal Benchmark for Targeted Biological Risk Mitigation","version":1},"reference_index":3,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:43.977112Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2505.08054","citing_paper":"/paper/2607.14479"},"observation_digest":"sha256:09748a8bc50771ecb7fde05e0917180d98d2b1597b92cb4daa71e3d3bd05098a","observation_id":"4cca4906-f685-4101-9d56-9a00b522fd46","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:43.977112Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2405.20947","last_updated":"2025-06-15T21:44:25Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T23:53:16.785416Z","submitted_at":"2024-05-31T15:44:33Z","title":"OR-Bench: An Over-Refusal Benchmark for Large Language Models","version":5},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2405.20947","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:44.107363Z","title":"OR-Bench: An Over-Refusal Benchmark for Large Language Models, July 2025","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.14479","last_updated":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T07:22:13.572237Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","title":"BioTIER: A Refusal Benchmark for Targeted Biological Risk Mitigation","version":1},"reference_index":4,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:44.107363Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2405.20947","citing_paper":"/paper/2607.14479"},"observation_digest":"sha256:0f0cea9d83e5259ed4f5424bd6040054385579de28709ce1b9935c91bba382f8","observation_id":"0563645b-47ff-484d-8501-2a3c15a323ca","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:44.107363Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2601.17642","last_updated":"2026-06-26T03:54:41Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T19:12:38.152938Z","submitted_at":"2026-01-25T01:28:52Z","title":"Health-ORSC-Bench: A Benchmark for Measuring Over-Refusal and Safety Completion in Health Context","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2601.17642","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:44.273375Z","title":"Health-ORSC-Bench: A Benchmark for Measuring Over-Refusal and Safety Completion in Health Context, January 2026","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2026},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.14479","last_updated":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T07:22:13.572237Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","title":"BioTIER: A Refusal Benchmark for Targeted Biological Risk Mitigation","version":1},"reference_index":5,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:44.273375Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2601.17642","citing_paper":"/paper/2607.14479"},"observation_digest":"sha256:65070b86f109bbb79aa4ea377811acc0fc0cef71a5112eab1ab278a0c9e652fe","observation_id":"3531c555-b5b9-4f3e-8584-7cd40d3e1979","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:44.273375Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:44.447266Z","title":"About PubMed","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2026},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.14479","last_updated":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T07:22:13.572237Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","title":"BioTIER: A Refusal Benchmark for Targeted Biological Risk Mitigation","version":1},"reference_index":6,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:44.447266Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2607.14479"},"observation_digest":"sha256:25408d4491dbd5a30f8e4eaad5b10328e6425f11d8f334a021ba614cb1a05bfa","observation_id":"51da60a5-7f3b-4786-86fd-3b81076fd499","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:44.447266Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2402.04249","last_updated":"2024-02-27T04:43:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T17:26:23.067923Z","submitted_at":"2024-02-06T18:59:08Z","title":"HarmBench: A Standardized Evaluation Framework for Automated Red Teaming and Robust Refusal","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2402.04249","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:44.585261Z","title":"HarmBench: A Standardized Evaluation Framework for Automated Red Teaming and Robust Refusal, February 2024","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.14479","last_updated":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T07:22:13.572237Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","title":"BioTIER: A Refusal Benchmark for Targeted Biological Risk Mitigation","version":1},"reference_index":7,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:44.585261Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2402.04249","citing_paper":"/paper/2607.14479"},"observation_digest":"sha256:523511cb2dcd8633d88ba50dff7d1b9bf660f866f2555fbf5a924d8f85bc15f1","observation_id":"ad5a1957-d8bb-4f2d-b772-412f1790304f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:44.585261Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2308.13387","last_updated":"2023-09-04T01:47:30Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T10:27:40.164741Z","submitted_at":"2023-08-25T14:02:12Z","title":"Do-Not-Answer: A Dataset for Evaluating Safeguards in LLMs","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2308.13387","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:44.726066Z","title":"Do-Not-Answer: A Dataset for Evaluating Safeguards in LLMs, August 2023","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.14479","last_updated":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T07:22:13.572237Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","title":"BioTIER: A Refusal Benchmark for Targeted Biological Risk Mitigation","version":1},"reference_index":8,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:44.726066Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2308.13387","citing_paper":"/paper/2607.14479"},"observation_digest":"sha256:62d0f4655f4efd69ec226ca74c8625274621c69d6ad453f176ea57d6fb23b7dd","observation_id":"166868af-f1aa-4a2d-bc06-e82283a56383","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:44.726066Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2406.14598","last_updated":"2025-03-01T21:45:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T23:38:07.892461Z","submitted_at":"2024-06-20T17:56:07Z","title":"SORRY-Bench: Systematically Evaluating Large Language Model Safety Refusal","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2406.14598","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:44.842416Z","title":"SORRY-Bench: Systematically Evaluating Large Language Model Safety Refusal, April 2025","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.14479","last_updated":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T07:22:13.572237Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","title":"BioTIER: A Refusal Benchmark for Targeted Biological Risk Mitigation","version":1},"reference_index":9,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:44.842416Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2406.14598","citing_paper":"/paper/2607.14479"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4875d1d30d700d592051594f94ffd5fd95327edbad9ede510ca67a5ee235ae59","observation_id":"2579c87e-8a8f-4c25-bc4e-2702148f01ed","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:44.842416Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:44.953535Z","title":"HELM Safety: Towards Standardized Safety Evaluations of Language Models","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.14479","last_updated":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T07:22:13.572237Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","title":"BioTIER: A Refusal Benchmark for Targeted Biological Risk Mitigation","version":1},"reference_index":10,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:44.953535Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2607.14479"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ad7e0bd343ef5d381995eb62e28077a1bc9920fd2f923547c1d58db4e1ae11b6","observation_id":"e0ce05ce-1037-44fe-a5aa-659878d7d754","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:44.953535Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2401.05561","last_updated":"2024-09-30T10:17:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T02:11:23.670680Z","submitted_at":"2024-01-10T22:07:21Z","title":"TrustLLM: Trustworthiness in Large Language Models","version":6},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2401.05561","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:45.063405Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.14479","last_updated":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T07:22:13.572237Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","title":"BioTIER: A Refusal Benchmark for Targeted Biological Risk Mitigation","version":1},"reference_index":11,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:45.063405Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2401.05561","citing_paper":"/paper/2607.14479"},"observation_digest":"sha256:67bebe5f8dc67bb5a3a5c7792d5b4a76b8598314930023f21852ca425d953291","observation_id":"59f2273b-503a-48cd-b08d-92e58d5732df","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:45.063405Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:45.155819Z","title":"AEGIS2.0: A Diverse AI Safety Dataset and Risks Taxonomy for Alignment of LLM Guardrails","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.14479","last_updated":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T07:22:13.572237Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","title":"BioTIER: A Refusal Benchmark for Targeted Biological Risk Mitigation","version":1},"reference_index":12,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:45.155819Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2607.14479"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a723e0f0e29584f70d351221b08c3b92f7cf9f7dbdc01dae075d817d8cd15237","observation_id":"8effe60a-8cad-45db-ae4a-3f0ba0c9730a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:45.155819Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:45.225248Z","title":"Understanding and Mitigating Overrefusal in LLMs from an Unveiling Perspective of Safety Decision Boundary","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.14479","last_updated":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T07:22:13.572237Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","title":"BioTIER: A Refusal Benchmark for Targeted Biological Risk Mitigation","version":1},"reference_index":13,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:45.225248Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2607.14479"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f81cdf0b68385c5be306640cb36eedb6858ca6ade7cdcf447279184141570418","observation_id":"7db1332b-ad30-4ca7-8362-4252cd4b186f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:45.225248Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"malformed_identifier"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.14922","last_updated":"2025-06-24T19:55:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T20:33:14.014427Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-17T19:08:02Z","title":"FORTRESS: Frontier Risk Evaluation for National Security and Public Safety","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2506.14922","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:45.283794Z","title":"Knight, Kaustubh Deshpande, Ved Sirdeshmukh, Meher Mankikar, Scale Red Team, SEAL Research Team, and Julian Michael","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.14479","last_updated":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T07:22:13.572237Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","title":"BioTIER: A Refusal Benchmark for Targeted Biological Risk Mitigation","version":1},"reference_index":14,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:45.283794Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2506.14922","citing_paper":"/paper/2607.14479"},"observation_digest":"sha256:6adfd3b88417579a9a947952fa96e0844ddc50a67871a1df0e87c5df904dcdf4","observation_id":"7683b5cc-d8ad-4b94-94b0-2576b0b052a0","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:45.283794Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:45.359122Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.14479","last_updated":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T07:22:13.572237Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","title":"BioTIER: A Refusal Benchmark for Targeted Biological Risk Mitigation","version":1},"reference_index":15,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:45.359122Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2607.14479"},"observation_digest":"sha256:885f9d173bf363a2761cfacafd7b5955f6a10485f6e81ed00f842e3d8b5d9ece","observation_id":"66ebb2be-03c8-4d25-8517-0ddfee8f9bb4","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:45.359122Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:45.370959Z","title":"Agentic BAIM-LLM Evaluation (ABLE): Benchmarking LLM Use of Protein Design Tools","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.14479","last_updated":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T07:22:13.572237Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","title":"BioTIER: A Refusal Benchmark for Targeted Biological Risk Mitigation","version":1},"reference_index":16,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:45.370959Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2607.14479"},"observation_digest":"sha256:76be6851259157f92f175f474d65440254800cbb0fa79f886413de8317ab6346","observation_id":"2f15a70e-447a-4ba3-8cd0-3003ddc50e6b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:45.370959Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2403.03218","last_updated":"2024-05-15T19:16:09Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T09:20:14.433688Z","submitted_at":"2024-03-05T18:59:35Z","title":"The WMDP Benchmark: Measuring and Reducing Malicious Use With Unlearning","version":7},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2403.03218","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:45.512407Z","title":"Li, Ann-Kathrin Dombrowski, Shashwat Goel, Long Phan, Gabriel Mukobi, Nathan Helm- Burger, Rassin Lababidi, Lennart Justen, Andrew B","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.14479","last_updated":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T07:22:13.572237Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","title":"BioTIER: A Refusal Benchmark for Targeted Biological Risk Mitigation","version":1},"reference_index":17,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:45.512407Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2403.03218","citing_paper":"/paper/2607.14479"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4755563b7dacc8ecb17c71e2667675b414f90c71e89ffcfb5920f1a779fbf726","observation_id":"37f89c95-f088-4601-b78b-84d252820fea","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:45.512407Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:45.620240Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.14479","last_updated":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T07:22:13.572237Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","title":"BioTIER: A Refusal Benchmark for Targeted Biological Risk Mitigation","version":1},"reference_index":18,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:45.620240Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2607.14479"},"observation_digest":"sha256:aa295a2b138a9dc6e0e98d5117c41b5da1ec07dfc8a8cf53a6fded9609de78a8","observation_id":"ce0fe7fa-bd04-4745-a4bb-f5092a767e99","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:45.620240Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:45.716299Z","title":"A benchmark of expert-level academic questions to assess AI capabilities.Nature, 649(8099):1139–1146, January 2026","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2026},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.14479","last_updated":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T07:22:13.572237Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","title":"BioTIER: A Refusal Benchmark for Targeted Biological Risk Mitigation","version":1},"reference_index":19,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:45.716299Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2607.14479"},"observation_digest":"sha256:618501161da40bdff9f9189f148b729b262535bde394de55ec246cc9aee29105","observation_id":"0fa91a97-e964-4331-800a-7540192c18b7","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:45.716299Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2407.10362","last_updated":"2024-07-17T17:28:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T00:26:27.857559Z","submitted_at":"2024-07-14T23:52:25Z","title":"LAB-Bench: Measuring Capabilities of Language Models for Biology Research","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2407.10362","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:45.876273Z","title":"Laurent, Joseph D","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.14479","last_updated":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T07:22:13.572237Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","title":"BioTIER: A Refusal Benchmark for Targeted Biological Risk Mitigation","version":1},"reference_index":20,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:45.876273Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2407.10362","citing_paper":"/paper/2607.14479"},"observation_digest":"sha256:28c05951758273b1b138943ce20b78aa6d601c46c4b146bc59db984af7d73b4d","observation_id":"a51eb179-8ad2-4ba9-b162-f633aff125e5","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:45.876273Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.16137","last_updated":"2025-04-29T15:14:35Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:55:32.847549Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-21T21:04:01Z","title":"Virology Capabilities Test (VCT): A Multimodal Virology Q&A Benchmark","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2504.16137","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:45.988192Z","title":"Sanders, Nathaniel Li, Long Phan, Karam Elabd, Lennart Justen, Dan Hendrycks, and Seth Donoughe","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.14479","last_updated":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T07:22:13.572237Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","title":"BioTIER: A Refusal Benchmark for Targeted Biological Risk Mitigation","version":1},"reference_index":21,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:45.988192Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2504.16137","citing_paper":"/paper/2607.14479"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4b7cb7c8f91bc6b73cf1ff1f670a323c58945e8afef79d4cedb3c30660205d39","observation_id":"e3d869d8-b93e-43e3-9034-3894b27ec6bf","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:45.988192Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.11150","last_updated":"2026-06-09T17:35:37Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-01T00:43:20.966385Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-09T17:35:37Z","title":"ABC-Bench: An Agentic Bio-Capabilities Benchmark for Biosecurity","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2606.11150","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:46.138604Z","title":"ABC-Bench: An Agentic Bio-Capabilities Benchmark for Biosecurity, June 2026","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2026},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.14479","last_updated":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T07:22:13.572237Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","title":"BioTIER: A Refusal Benchmark for Targeted Biological Risk Mitigation","version":1},"reference_index":22,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:46.138604Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2606.11150","citing_paper":"/paper/2607.14479"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1c224dd1758d573b395166c55a3dbece1749025e24d8abd552724211333b7213","observation_id":"1a24ad4b-16cf-42a7-8d6e-66d2ce41e4e9","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:46.138604Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.05462","last_updated":"2026-07-21T17:05:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T22:19:57.261839Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-06T01:46:07Z","title":"BioSecBench-Refusal: A paired metric for performance and alignment in agentic biosecurity risk assessment","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2607.05462","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:46.265255Z","title":"Wintermute, Harmon Bhasin, Christina M","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2026},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.14479","last_updated":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T07:22:13.572237Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","title":"BioTIER: A Refusal Benchmark for Targeted Biological Risk Mitigation","version":1},"reference_index":23,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:46.265255Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2607.05462","citing_paper":"/paper/2607.14479"},"observation_digest":"sha256:754d8e00fb5b3df38a976b047edcaf2a2e8c64e1d32bb97919dc8308f49230cc","observation_id":"61cadd07-2158-4827-9e20-a046b634833a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:46.265255Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:46.360762Z","title":"Measuring Mid-2025 LLM-Assistance on Novice Performance in Biology, February","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.14479","last_updated":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T07:22:13.572237Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","title":"BioTIER: A Refusal Benchmark for Targeted Biological Risk Mitigation","version":1},"reference_index":24,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:46.360762Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2607.14479"},"observation_digest":"sha256:0ae463eab9488fbe16404aef7fae8089d21413a8b75cc16a0ee0b66e52770988","observation_id":"e991b64a-1d86-40d9-9d7b-ea88444657b6","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:46.360762Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:46.693932Z","title":"Williams, Barbara Del Castello, Jeffrey Lee, Derek Roberts, John P","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2026},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.14479","last_updated":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T07:22:13.572237Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","title":"BioTIER: A Refusal Benchmark for Targeted Biological Risk Mitigation","version":1},"reference_index":25,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:46.693932Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2607.14479"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c9bbeb4b7369ae2018a7392f198811f826a192e6077b68ac124b3d788f9d4905","observation_id":"231aa48a-1f24-498f-9d14-02555c2e5aa1","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:46.693932Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:46.819033Z","title":"Global Risk Index for AI-enabled Biological Tools: Summary Assessment & Methods Report","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.14479","last_updated":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T07:22:13.572237Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","title":"BioTIER: A Refusal Benchmark for Targeted Biological Risk Mitigation","version":1},"reference_index":26,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:46.819033Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2607.14479"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4ff7b9fac854ac6cf8940e39b47c4a82aec33ccf8acad8899fe631973c2d4279","observation_id":"fc5a2730-90c9-4753-9f80-08db0ddb98d9","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:46.819033Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2405.10986","last_updated":"2024-05-15T20:28:15Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T00:06:54.769031Z","submitted_at":"2024-05-15T20:28:15Z","title":"Benchmark Early and Red Team Often: A Framework for Assessing and Managing Dual-Use Hazards of AI Foundation Models","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2405.10986","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:46.941578Z","title":"Barrett, Krystal Jackson, Evan R","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.14479","last_updated":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T07:22:13.572237Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","title":"BioTIER: A Refusal Benchmark for Targeted Biological Risk Mitigation","version":1},"reference_index":27,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:46.941578Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2405.10986","citing_paper":"/paper/2607.14479"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9129275cd2897cc02df0a4c0f6cc6c4028bedee89132a412cee39b8fd40ad1c9","observation_id":"01e62d97-dbfa-4ac2-b735-6753d70e9660","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:46.941578Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:47.152003Z","title":"Claude Opus 4.8 System Card","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2026},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.14479","last_updated":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T07:22:13.572237Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","title":"BioTIER: A Refusal Benchmark for Targeted Biological Risk Mitigation","version":1},"reference_index":28,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:47.152003Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2607.14479"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9a4b1d5f51fb39c0a7ad6e5e5e543a8ac2603d41073d7312b7453b41921efafd","observation_id":"495e13ff-a66b-438f-9500-0843afac3f84","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:47.152003Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:47.320038Z","title":"Claude Opus 4.7 System Card","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2026},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.14479","last_updated":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T07:22:13.572237Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","title":"BioTIER: A Refusal Benchmark for Targeted Biological Risk Mitigation","version":1},"reference_index":29,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:47.320038Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2607.14479"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c08d7f2f102395bdfb8f681787912637c88cc559564b2598dd0dd2fad86f2143","observation_id":"d6e4920a-cd4d-4247-bc4d-0aae343817f2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:47.320038Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:47.547364Z","title":"Claude Opus 4.6 System Card","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2026},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.14479","last_updated":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T07:22:13.572237Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","title":"BioTIER: A Refusal Benchmark for Targeted Biological Risk Mitigation","version":1},"reference_index":30,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:47.547364Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2607.14479"},"observation_digest":"sha256:23af51b4c5a0cb03e77b23872e09b85074aaf6cccff5d4c3f1fa46d50b5db2ff","observation_id":"07dec23c-3655-4279-99e8-388642bb5a45","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:47.547364Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:47.734958Z","title":"GPT-5.5 System Card","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2026},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.14479","last_updated":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T07:22:13.572237Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","title":"BioTIER: A Refusal Benchmark for Targeted Biological Risk Mitigation","version":1},"reference_index":31,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:47.734958Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2607.14479"},"observation_digest":"sha256:3468090112e33331a6b903e1979674ec36f1c802190a9acc2cb68b896e19c564","observation_id":"a9570444-51a9-484d-8566-f4cfb755d684","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:47.734958Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:47.969062Z","title":"Gemini 3 Pro Frontier Safety Framework Report","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.14479","last_updated":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T07:22:13.572237Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","title":"BioTIER: A Refusal Benchmark for Targeted Biological Risk Mitigation","version":1},"reference_index":32,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:47.969062Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2607.14479"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f86858b331041fc7de941027b26536cfb2072da11d202447f188f24f03c8b700","observation_id":"ed4406ea-9e96-4bdc-9555-a4e08c8ee83f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:47.969062Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:48.079447Z","title":"Gemini 3.1 Pro Model Card","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2026},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.14479","last_updated":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T07:22:13.572237Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","title":"BioTIER: A Refusal Benchmark for Targeted Biological Risk Mitigation","version":1},"reference_index":33,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:48.079447Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2607.14479"},"observation_digest":"sha256:0e2934b934331b5db41dbc71677027d795d64b2b36acc6c54105a262991459ad","observation_id":"9613a10e-c037-4c94-a113-f69919c88495","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:48.079447Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:48.314320Z","title":"Activating AI Safety Level 3 Protections","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.14479","last_updated":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T07:22:13.572237Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","title":"BioTIER: A Refusal Benchmark for Targeted Biological Risk Mitigation","version":1},"reference_index":34,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:48.314320Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2607.14479"},"observation_digest":"sha256:7b632b21d2b9f87f20aed7cb829cc7409baf9454190f634a186940f350b10458","observation_id":"4e8010a6-c665-4881-a1c0-10343af38a38","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:48.314320Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:48.570888Z","title":"Open models lag state-of-the-art closed models by 4 months","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2026},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.14479","last_updated":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T07:22:13.572237Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","title":"BioTIER: A Refusal Benchmark for Targeted Biological Risk Mitigation","version":1},"reference_index":35,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:48.570888Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2607.14479"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e718a08cc4670e4571446fb84ac5f40e1b671e20e59747c5ac655622c5a08f6e","observation_id":"21fb8ecc-ce6e-42ca-b9c1-fde0550873c5","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:48.570888Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:48.747153Z","title":"(July run)","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2026},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.14479","last_updated":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T07:22:13.572237Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","title":"BioTIER: A Refusal Benchmark for Targeted Biological Risk Mitigation","version":1},"reference_index":36,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:48.747153Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2607.14479"},"observation_digest":"sha256:7bfddeb433af5485bd999740ff80c0490e69908e5f623dd79fe6ed6b3c0c87ed","observation_id":"d29aeaa9-6f20-4b4d-903c-b01635cf78f1","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:48.747153Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"malformed_identifier"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:46.527897Z","title":"arXiv:2602.16703 [cs]","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.14479","last_updated":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T07:22:13.572237Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","title":"BioTIER: A Refusal Benchmark for Targeted Biological Risk Mitigation","version":1},"reference_index":2026,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:46.527897Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2607.14479"},"observation_digest":"sha256:62a1d7181da5255e755ccb55a4400131550d3fdc1b1643a2b321cb5444e532d9","observation_id":"ac88f718-33de-42f8-b835-30e77dad0a24","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-02T02:00:46.527897Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}}],"paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.14479","last_updated":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","latest_version":1,"primary_category":"cs.CY","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T07:22:13.572237Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-16T01:52:54Z","title":"BioTIER: A Refusal Benchmark for Targeted Biological Risk Mitigation"},"reference_resolution":{"displayed":37,"state_counts":{"malformed_identifier":2,"metadata_mismatch":0,"parse_uncertain":0,"unresolved":34,"verified_exact":1,"verified_fuzzy":0},"total_outbound_references":37},"refusal":"A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.","schema":"pith.paper-citation-record.v1","standing_sources":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"thesis":"As of 14 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 37 of 37 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2607.14479."}