{"as_of":"2026-08-19T06:55:00Z","caps":{"database_statements":6,"inbound":100,"outbound":100},"context_digest":"sha256:d0f8fc42cdc46d9a4c84a63a8ebd9a2585939c40fcd5065fb4b8d7591c3e766a","coverage":[{"denominator":150,"lane":"reference_resolution","note":"Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.","records_observed":100,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.972238Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":100,"lane":"standing_notices","note":"One-hop event checks from named stored sources.","records_observed":100,"source":"scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache","source_observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","state":"measured"},{"denominator":0,"lane":"inbound_itemization","note":"Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.","records_observed":0,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":null,"state":"measured"},{"denominator":1,"lane":"external_citation_measurements","note":"A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.","records_observed":0,"source":"cited_works","source_observed_at":null,"state":"measured"}],"external_citation_measurements":[],"inbound":[],"links":{"evidence":"/evidence","html":"/paper/2608.02573/citation-record","integrity":"/paper/2608.02573/integrity","json":"/paper/2608.02573/citation-record.json","paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"outbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2204.14198","last_updated":"2022-11-15T23:07:37Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T03:00:38.806206Z","submitted_at":"2022-04-29T16:29:01Z","title":"Flamingo: a Visual Language Model for Few-Shot Learning","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2204.14198","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.564734Z","title":"Flamingo: a Visual Language Model for Few-Shot Learning.arXiv e-prints, page arXiv:2204.14198, April 2022","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":1,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.564734Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2204.14198","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:827bc9f3b48d5b016cfe638ad8319225fe9d2600007435b8335db81e3421a75c","observation_id":"29ebe95e-d8b3-40f5-94af-b657ea3cf861","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.564734Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2301.08243","last_updated":"2023-04-13T17:59:37Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T16:01:20.302377Z","submitted_at":"2023-01-19T18:59:01Z","title":"Self-Supervised Learning from Images with a Joint-Embedding Predictive Architecture","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2301.08243","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.569761Z","title":"Self-Supervised Learning from Images with a Joint-Embedding Predictive Architecture.arXiv e-prints, page arXiv:2301.08243, January 2023","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":2,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.569761Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2301.08243","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:3eedf1ca5f032018b0d54daeb0f3da0d5798cc8cf2774c6f71739398926f1dc5","observation_id":"26c6557c-e35d-4ade-9f5e-03615cab7379","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.569761Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.09985","last_updated":"2025-06-11T17:57:09Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T13:40:01.739055Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T17:57:09Z","title":"V-JEPA 2: Self-Supervised Video Models Enable Understanding, Prediction and Planning","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2506.09985","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.574261Z","title":"V-JEPA 2: Self-Supervised Video Models Enable Understand- ing, Prediction and Planning.arXiv e-prints, page arXiv:2506.09985, June 2025","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":3,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.574261Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2506.09985","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9d3f7e9fc32288cf1e4a53e2d9fecad30f0e2e7b850573ef230f0f5196616f06","observation_id":"e0422414-7105-4d80-9802-fe6af1feaa31","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.574261Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2307.13721","last_updated":"2023-07-25T17:59:18Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T09:05:58.448899Z","submitted_at":"2023-07-25T17:59:18Z","title":"Foundational Models Defining a New Era in Vision: A Survey and Outlook","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2307.13721","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.578773Z","title":"Foundational Models Defining a New Era in Vision: A Survey and Outlook.arXiv e-prints, page arXiv:2307.13721, July 2023","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":4,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.578773Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2307.13721","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4cf74956f40e381ad8a190aba05ffdadae765e089d80136f06c3cfc722c74f21","observation_id":"540b1abd-29b5-476d-91b6-d4839e5bd9e4","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.578773Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1409.0473","last_updated":"2016-05-19T21:53:22Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T12:17:42.484599Z","submitted_at":"2014-09-01T16:33:02Z","title":"Neural Machine Translation by Jointly Learning to Align and Translate","version":7},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1409.0473","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.583273Z","title":"Neural Machine Translation by Jointly Learning to Align and Translate.arXiv e-prints, page arXiv:1409.0473, September 2014","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2014},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":5,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.583273Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1409.0473","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a2ce94eb90b9e6b8f712733d3d1d4025c5c2b3928a6b95036d447ba401e93345","observation_id":"b3b542ca-2185-477d-a495-257f197e1f0f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.583273Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.587640Z","title":"Neural networks and principal component analysis: Learning from examples without local minima.Neural Networks, 2(1):53–58, 1989","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1989},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":6,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.587640Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ce8d8103559682c3cb406846930bdc4ff636eb8945bb5589589a4776822d2982","observation_id":"7e61598e-ad19-4fb8-9d3d-0db53db384ee","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.587640Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2511.08544","last_updated":"2025-11-14T08:38:32Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T08:21:10.395771Z","submitted_at":"2025-11-11T18:21:55Z","title":"LeJEPA: Provable and Scalable Self-Supervised Learning Without the Heuristics","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2511.08544","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.592443Z","title":"LeJEPA: Provable and Scalable Self-Supervised Learning Without the Heuristics.arXiv e-prints, page arXiv:2511.08544, November 2025","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":7,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.592443Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2511.08544","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e7e721aa80fcba13964ba8fdde60e475a1c55562957525bca172531e2db77beb","observation_id":"49be1385-5fb0-46b7-87a6-4e2b01ba74d0","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.592443Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1705.09406","last_updated":"2017-08-01T17:39:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T20:58:04.905360Z","submitted_at":"2017-05-26T01:35:31Z","title":"Multimodal Machine Learning: A Survey and Taxonomy","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1705.09406","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.596722Z","title":"Multimodal Machine Learning: A Survey and Taxonomy.arXiv e-prints, page arXiv:1705.09406, May 2017","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2017},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":8,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.596722Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1705.09406","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d10b891d4b93dc2f8ce096faf13189f9d223137d943223b945f158d9331fed5e","observation_id":"1d9a1eda-d738-426b-b628-3bad9c4ca388","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.596722Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.600703Z","title":"John Wiley & Sons, 2011","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2011},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":9,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.600703Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:3cbe389df75db8cbc37b36e895751f303d57189c3373f1ee32a3692446714477","observation_id":"f90b8607-da84-44a7-ae78-bc3bf6561d10","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.600703Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2211.11461","last_updated":"2023-05-29T09:17:33Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T16:11:23.164658Z","submitted_at":"2022-11-21T13:48:52Z","title":"Exhaustive Symbolic Regression","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2211.11461","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.604946Z","title":"Bartlett, Harry Desmond, and Pedro G","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":10,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.604946Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2211.11461","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e228ea60a40f0977055d30605a6723375f207c6e81846837fd014b1caf195e7c","observation_id":"4c6541f0-5963-4a80-8946-49e433a25fed","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.604946Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1806.01261","last_updated":"2018-10-17T17:51:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T23:08:02.689731Z","submitted_at":"2018-06-04T17:58:18Z","title":"Relational inductive biases, deep learning, and graph networks","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1806.01261","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.609201Z","title":"Battaglia, Jessica B","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":11,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.609201Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1806.01261","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:6e960fea4deea052abcc7ea0e8f80bb3c76b363c8039a5d34e8d5eb72b862e06","observation_id":"54574ada-f10a-4e79-9eba-03ed86e7fec5","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.609201Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.613189Z","title":"Representation learning: A review and new perspectives.IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 35(8):1798–1828, August 2013","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2013},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":12,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.613189Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1d0fe9cf9d4ccaa8ab39567f05cdcb47df47d553664987ffa05d1152550192bb","observation_id":"58d5bacc-76fa-4730-a1a7-5d8add574b94","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.613189Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.617455Z","title":"Bishop.Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2006},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":13,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.617455Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:8a788b13eba8188dad41f8d5d6cbd85164544a7cd0abc2f98f8c2c58e3f5e0d8","observation_id":"df09dbf6-8269-4215-b4e7-b45dd2f8685a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.617455Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2108.07258","last_updated":"2022-07-12T23:45:14Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T09:20:40.804790Z","submitted_at":"2021-08-16T17:50:08Z","title":"On the Opportunities and Risks of Foundation Models","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2108.07258","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.621291Z","title":"Hudson, Ehsan Adeli, Russ Altman, Simran Arora, Sydney von Arx, Michael S","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":14,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.621291Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2108.07258","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:61638f93e8f4e031d1ea65aaee465e27294606ead4f84cc5b2f301a1eb7f7f21","observation_id":"43f03da9-4d75-49d0-9c5b-ccebcd205334","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.621291Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2307.15818","last_updated":"2023-07-28T21:18:02Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T16:17:50.621617Z","submitted_at":"2023-07-28T21:18:02Z","title":"RT-2: Vision-Language-Action Models Transfer Web Knowledge to Robotic Control","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2307.15818","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.625748Z","title":"RT-2: Vision-Language-Action Models Transfer Web Knowledge to Robotic Control.arXiv e-prints, page arXiv:2307.15818, July 2023","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":15,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.625748Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2307.15818","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2c6490f74137cf43fe43b833e6715127f8382738388cc90072e5130e089f7f4c","observation_id":"1b4dfd2b-3ebe-459f-a782-f1138c3385aa","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.625748Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2104.13478","last_updated":"2021-05-02T16:16:03Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T23:06:05.148534Z","submitted_at":"2021-04-27T21:09:51Z","title":"Geometric Deep Learning: Grids, Groups, Graphs, Geodesics, and Gauges","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2104.13478","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.630191Z","title":"Bronstein, Joan Bruna, Taco Cohen, and Petar Veli ˇckovi´c","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":16,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.630191Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2104.13478","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:bb77c94901b3366549f9dc21082b684c3dc3092769d56dd8fa1643f02d1b5920","observation_id":"6fae5a61-a1cc-4a03-b280-032e492ed839","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.630191Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2005.14165","last_updated":"2020-07-22T19:47:17Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T02:11:23.670680Z","submitted_at":"2020-05-28T17:29:03Z","title":"Language Models are Few-Shot Learners","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2005.14165","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.634088Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2005},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":17,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.634088Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2005.14165","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2702770a200a8678545df6f7eb13c359d47b948bdc97ecb2eb6e706e756de131","observation_id":"e5b491c9-e60b-4f2b-89a9-435012adad48","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.634088Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2410.16081","last_updated":"2024-11-18T10:49:57Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T10:22:22.616998Z","submitted_at":"2024-10-21T15:00:32Z","title":"Deep Multimodal Representation Learning for Stellar Spectra","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2410.16081","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.638186Z","title":"Deep Multimodal Representation Learning for Stellar Spectra.arXiv e-prints, page arXiv:2410.16081, October 2024","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":18,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.638186Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2410.16081","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ff68a9caef9c2487aafa90a724701f63dfaf05db92f24257b463e3daa7506b05","observation_id":"d866e8f4-6c34-43cb-8c90-45ee39748da4","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.638186Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2104.14294","last_updated":"2021-05-24T17:49:18Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T11:32:10.695202Z","submitted_at":"2021-04-29T12:28:51Z","title":"Emerging Properties in Self-Supervised Vision Transformers","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2104.14294","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.642285Z","title":"Emerging Properties in Self-Supervised Vision Transformers.arXiv e-prints, page arXiv:2104.14294, April 2021","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":19,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.642285Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2104.14294","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:3ea2fb992f6256f37aa539c37dc63e297f3a7475c697b12f0bf7f33f33cc014d","observation_id":"f1d662f4-04ef-4cb1-ba19-bfe11f0a2657","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.642285Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.646439Z","title":"Multitask learning.Machine learning, 28(1):41–75, 1997","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1997},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":20,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.646439Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:8664f6fcee5885a232135883a4ac7785dd2681ae47385a39d065b18f488f6835","observation_id":"5595abc8-73bc-49db-98d0-a2b76278f7f1","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.646439Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2405.09818","last_updated":"2025-03-21T05:54:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T11:54:14.007649Z","submitted_at":"2024-05-16T05:23:41Z","title":"Chameleon: Mixed-Modal Early-Fusion Foundation Models","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2405.09818","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.650270Z","title":"Chameleon: Mixed-Modal Early-Fusion Foundation Models.arXiv e- prints, page arXiv:2405.09818, May 2024","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":21,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.650270Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2405.09818","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c4ce672e4bdd5cf7b524c6e4f7614ba78c22541a8d72bc9751dea2d75bc4f7e1","observation_id":"5cd0f483-6cfc-4ee5-b659-c87b8914a172","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.650270Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2002.05709","last_updated":"2020-07-01T00:09:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T20:49:51.676387Z","submitted_at":"2020-02-13T18:50:45Z","title":"A Simple Framework for Contrastive Learning of Visual Representations","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2002.05709","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.654428Z","title":"A Simple Framework for Contrastive Learning of Visual Representations.arXiv e-prints, page arXiv:2002.05709, February 2020","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2002},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":22,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.654428Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2002.05709","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:51e69c33d5fddc8750384da8af991b9491a871de51422c3e7eefe93d18b863f3","observation_id":"ac2feeda-5869-4304-bda3-2c46e6f41ebc","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.654428Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.658771Z","title":"Group equivariant convolutional networks","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2016},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":23,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.658771Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:23a967a9360aae0c2e7d54d43187e15ee216ad509925466a96d0a7775974d51e","observation_id":"3cd8c7e5-848e-429a-aaf7-366911da8e96","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.658771Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.662668Z","title":"The frontier of simulation-based infer- ence.Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 117(48):30055–30062, December 2020","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":24,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.662668Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f6d6f981bcb69485329616e62ebc399df5cf4ded9003eaa00c6a01db98881ec1","observation_id":"5dea1c9a-d229-468e-b7db-41369f2df702","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.662668Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2305.01582","last_updated":"2023-05-05T17:44:07Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T03:20:28.565133Z","submitted_at":"2023-05-02T16:31:35Z","title":"Interpretable Machine Learning for Science with PySR and SymbolicRegression.jl","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2305.01582","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.666507Z","title":"Interpretable Machine Learning for Science with PySR and SymbolicRe- gression.jl.arXiv e-prints, page arXiv:2305.01582, May 2023","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":25,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.666507Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2305.01582","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:5fd1b7ba85e5079d4da7cff57d2f6070bb347d01fc81ebc04a64256588ac4779","observation_id":"8637b7e3-e60e-489b-aed8-34cd267a1019","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.666507Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2006.11287","last_updated":"2020-11-18T01:16:09Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T23:45:16.463692Z","submitted_at":"2020-06-19T18:00:00Z","title":"Discovering Symbolic Models from Deep Learning with Inductive Biases","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2006.11287","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.670731Z","title":"Discovering Symbolic Models from Deep Learning with Inductive Biases.arXiv e-prints, page arXiv:2006.11287, June 2020","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2006},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":26,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.670731Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2006.11287","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:141bb606a464665664f3ced0ac70efc208774dc9e2e6455d014a50e618245562","observation_id":"e3f3f78e-5c8a-405e-87f0-32e297ef212b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.670731Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2309.08600","last_updated":"2023-10-04T13:17:38Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T13:37:26.527260Z","submitted_at":"2023-09-15T17:56:55Z","title":"Sparse Autoencoders Find Highly Interpretable Features in Language Models","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2309.08600","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.674928Z","title":"Sparse Autoencoders Find Highly Interpretable Features in Language Models.arXiv e-prints, page arXiv:2309.08600, September 2023","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":27,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.674928Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2309.08600","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:def9bef5521550bb67e7678b4edb4175dccc8d7270ed966da883a1a0da437596","observation_id":"3f1a2626-a7d2-4b5b-847d-866b8a7db39c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.674928Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.679266Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1989},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":28,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.679266Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:bb08f82e8de9c9246926e76a42717e938ef8439e3c7eb4c147ab80671a8619c5","observation_id":"640018bf-7e99-4a70-9aa5-7e27f72e952d","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.679266Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2303.09166","last_updated":"2023-03-16T09:14:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T15:28:27.840722Z","submitted_at":"2023-03-16T09:14:26Z","title":"Identifiability Results for Multimodal Contrastive Learning","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2303.09166","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.682996Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":29,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.682996Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2303.09166","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f5f8b4cd085809ed9279a9edc3d25a6ebe9424ba1cb0f4f39f8d84d249b2acab","observation_id":"16a48701-21f5-4735-9171-3ffa5bcd8e8c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.682996Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.687266Z","title":"Zico Kolter","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":30,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.687266Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ceab12315bfd6d0fc6d4c162b35e38bc0a76799eebfccc0ad65b9d68046131b5","observation_id":"1167e1b5-1e16-43a2-b0d1-9f399111f16b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.687266Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1810.04805","last_updated":"2019-05-24T20:37:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:16:28.847993Z","submitted_at":"2018-10-11T00:50:01Z","title":"BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1810.04805","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.691529Z","title":"BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding.arXiv e-prints, page arXiv:1810.04805, October 2018","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":31,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.691529Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1810.04805","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:90ffbab61cd075e1b854ed1062fe9425bd04c53d2e6d387d0cdef085d83adb08","observation_id":"09f6ea04-858f-4eb5-95ab-2ef9d2bbc8b2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.691529Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.695458Z","title":"Donoso-Oliva, I","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":32,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.695458Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:cc70378f48693f44bc705327f09107d48f93b7fa3b3117b18029e64cba189244","observation_id":"6caa19d1-f01f-4339-b892-e6b71adf15a6","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.695458Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2010.11929","last_updated":"2021-06-03T13:08:56Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T09:25:53.087782Z","submitted_at":"2020-10-22T17:55:59Z","title":"An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2010.11929","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.699420Z","title":"An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale.arXiv e-prints, page arXiv:2010.11929, October 2020","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2010},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":33,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.699420Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2010.11929","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f50fdcadd0a83ca4f75ecf66c857aa4d342043f437d7d5aaee1e4fa13bf6719b","observation_id":"387962ab-e30b-47e4-9ef0-1eba0c7ec3fa","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.699420Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2403.15796","last_updated":"2025-01-15T02:48:59Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T14:07:07.590212Z","submitted_at":"2024-03-23T11:03:31Z","title":"Understanding Emergent Abilities of Language Models from the Loss Perspective","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2403.15796","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.703352Z","title":"Understanding Emergent Abilities of Language Models from the Loss Perspective.arXiv e-prints, page arXiv:2403.15796, March 2024","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":34,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.703352Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2403.15796","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e7e1171bfb98ac6f5c91b55ce7693ecae8df641c0f484f65c4b1393413384c77","observation_id":"2e698ea0-b7b7-4b00-8086-b84d28f5ab9f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.703352Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2401.08541","last_updated":"2024-01-16T18:03:37Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:32:23.959949Z","submitted_at":"2024-01-16T18:03:37Z","title":"Scalable Pre-training of Large Autoregressive Image Models","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2401.08541","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.707484Z","title":"Scalable Pre-training of Large Autoregressive Image Models.arXiv e-prints, page arXiv:2401.08541, January 2024","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":35,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.707484Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2401.08541","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:10a56201bee88c3466b2e6fe789fc6e5d21b1dcf0841e46612be315ec4b83110","observation_id":"9585a693-900a-4e5b-b603-895a16a09f84","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.707484Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.711761Z","title":"Why does unsupervised pre-training help deep learning?Journal of Machine Learning Research, 11(19):625–660, 2010","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2010},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":36,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.711761Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2a02093a6982c01624d709d0d0ac088d77ce975c5d81d542ce98a5817730286a","observation_id":"7fdacc99-4cf3-488d-b85b-2bb166597b5b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.711761Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.715412Z","title":"Mellier, Abdurro’uf, J","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":37,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.715412Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:fd924450fa1fbb257c97c49cd04840ec718be774a1147ac99a0ca01b140ef073","observation_id":"06c9bb34-260d-4e15-8315-7449841e8a11","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.715412Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.719448Z","title":"Neocognitron: A self-organizing neural network model for a mech- anism of pattern recognition unaffected by shift in position.Biological cybernetics, 36(4):193–202, 1980","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1980},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":38,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.719448Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:7b3d0ac03a1cda04d3054244d9755c36d0cbdaa0590d48d74e4daf0d8a4cb088","observation_id":"9f15efdc-0246-4af1-a478-346f405caa5a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.719448Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.723505Z","title":"Garc ´ıa P´erez, Carlos Allende Prieto, Jon A","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2016},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":39,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.723505Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d3840d03dd59b74efa1fda0d704938f0ec426b7fe12312cbcdc58e2250074e46","observation_id":"5a51bf84-8885-4fbf-8c3a-0235faef02b2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.723505Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2011.03132","last_updated":"2020-11-05T23:05:33Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T19:07:47.707397Z","submitted_at":"2020-11-05T23:05:33Z","title":"Astronomical Image Quality Prediction based on Environmental and Telescope Operating Conditions","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2011.03132","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.727365Z","title":"Draper, and Andrew Sheinis","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2011},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":40,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.727365Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2011.03132","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:80be9ff822e73c6cfef530ae75c8a98b5ff9bffde8a41e32aead7bb94782310b","observation_id":"b891bf2b-2d80-47d1-9f25-35c690c1dca1","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.727365Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1906.01563","last_updated":"2019-09-05T04:20:28Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T16:21:01.276672Z","submitted_at":"2019-06-04T16:27:55Z","title":"Hamiltonian Neural Networks","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1906.01563","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.731648Z","title":"Hamiltonian Neural Networks.arXiv e-prints, page arXiv:1906.01563, June 2019","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1906},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":41,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.731648Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1906.01563","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:bf5501ee71f9f1b2a03476ac02f8b68b4b4b2bf34a7653afb8d3029d1f12de53","observation_id":"394c04b6-06bd-4075-9dd4-a17d91bec131","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.731648Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2006.07733","last_updated":"2020-09-10T09:46:02Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T05:53:12.800111Z","submitted_at":"2020-06-13T22:35:21Z","title":"Bootstrap your own latent: A new approach to self-supervised Learning","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2006.07733","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.735724Z","title":"Richemond, Elena Buchatskaya, Carl Doersch, Bernardo Avila Pires, Zhaohan Daniel Guo, Mohammad Gheshlaghi Azar, Bilal Piot, Koray Kavukcuoglu, R ´emi Munos, and Michal Valko","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2006},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":42,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.735724Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2006.07733","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:0bca8920402f1b09b34726ab8a3ce47ddadb2eb005ae1eb0b9bf4812f50e6548","observation_id":"40eaaf64-e3b0-4b98-8702-183b562bce2b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.735724Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2312.00752","last_updated":"2024-05-31T17:55:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T20:47:46.242385Z","submitted_at":"2023-12-01T18:01:34Z","title":"Mamba: Linear-Time Sequence Modeling with Selective State Spaces","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2312.00752","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.739881Z","title":"Mamba: Linear-Time Sequence Modeling with Selective State Spaces.arXiv e-prints, page arXiv:2312.00752, December 2023","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":43,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.739881Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2312.00752","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:836975240f092020ef74dc5cd37506c3824e223367625b6ae046612d7016e5ac","observation_id":"4be58a86-b7f1-46b5-ac18-b33a65f327cf","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.739881Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2111.00396","last_updated":"2022-08-05T17:54:38Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T01:02:41.198730Z","submitted_at":"2021-10-31T03:32:18Z","title":"Efficiently Modeling Long Sequences with Structured State Spaces","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2111.00396","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.743989Z","title":"Efficiently Modeling Long Sequences with Structured State Spaces.arXiv e-prints, page arXiv:2111.00396, October 2021","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":44,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.743989Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2111.00396","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:59412f00cb78669be4d0d084e9025e061bae1a49d5dcdde25eff62cd53fa936f","observation_id":"426750ab-d39d-4547-bc2c-4ab873832546","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.743989Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.748123Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":45,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.748123Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:7889ff07512ea007239f461726c5664797d16508b1e153795a49f3ad7bbce9f4","observation_id":"af3c124b-aab0-4bbc-bc97-fdd1ad98defc","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.748123Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2310.02207","last_updated":"2024-03-04T18:25:29Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T14:55:25.223461Z","submitted_at":"2023-10-03T17:06:52Z","title":"Language Models Represent Space and Time","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2310.02207","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.752100Z","title":"Language Models Represent Space and Time.arXiv e-prints, page arXiv:2310.02207, October 2023","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":46,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.752100Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2310.02207","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d3f67bed455bc8a40dee1624d637e8b6529a109f61d14fa1b0195db56433dc2e","observation_id":"27a28394-5f76-417f-b8c1-eec5351c1f94","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.752100Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.756430Z","title":"Self- supervised Representation Learning for Astronomical Images.ApJL, 911(2):L33, April 2021","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":47,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.756430Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:49213f4a1348f85aea919aa3f735c1492515f8f2ee7c83aa7dd634e6508c77d5","observation_id":"6ec5f658-4e81-4b97-8f5f-8ad0d27559ff","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.756430Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2111.06377","last_updated":"2021-12-19T19:23:25Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T17:58:26.288570Z","submitted_at":"2021-11-11T18:46:40Z","title":"Masked Autoencoders Are Scalable Vision Learners","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2111.06377","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.760167Z","title":"Masked Autoencoders Are Scalable Vision Learners.arXiv e-prints, page arXiv:2111.06377, Novem- ber 2021","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":48,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.760167Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2111.06377","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:bf01ec4caebbe24f29e108f8e94368f9e18145b433846c11dd85b31c54531a56","observation_id":"f1b471da-91b3-469d-8972-235a283f7cbf","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.760167Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1911.05722","last_updated":"2020-03-23T18:36:55Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T18:00:43.533231Z","submitted_at":"2019-11-13T18:53:26Z","title":"Momentum Contrast for Unsupervised Visual Representation Learning","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1911.05722","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.764224Z","title":"Momentum Contrast for Unsupervised Visual Representation Learning.arXiv e-prints, page arXiv:1911.05722, November 2019","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1911},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":49,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.764224Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1911.05722","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:790f163382282139ed9d1d2a5d94a13056f4bd70b80de5931ec3d769985f58b4","observation_id":"73c26f2a-b514-4766-b00d-e4670ddd5811","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.764224Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.768234Z","title":"Bartlett, Nicolas Chartier, Carolina Cuesta-Lazaro, Simon Ding, Axel Lapel, Pablo Lemos, Christopher C","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":50,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.768234Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:40accd7cfda2dcedbb0198ae173490da0a20ff89d8bec83036633fc3a3d9b7d6","observation_id":"16b35c02-518b-4f4a-938f-297f7416eddc","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.768234Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.772146Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":51,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.772146Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:286c2d47a212171d5c872cf7122f1b9df81ccc36d74e71f46e5b3a174bd9cb7d","observation_id":"c0f679cd-2451-47c2-9f58-7159085805c9","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.772146Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.775907Z","title":"Long short-term memory.Neural Comput., 9(8):1735–1780, November 1997","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1997},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":52,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.775907Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:5b1afe69578ca7c51704ec7740cd4a5431c1d417c157e47483b72d85585986ca","observation_id":"01060522-262a-4b6e-83fe-d3d9a266de77","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.775907Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2203.15556","last_updated":"2022-03-29T13:38:03Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:52:33.533277Z","submitted_at":"2022-03-29T13:38:03Z","title":"Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2203.15556","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.779847Z","title":"Rae, Oriol Vinyals, and Laurent Sifre","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":53,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.779847Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2203.15556","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2ed3cad846d2a4d96f6c120d818860d4c61500a6ee8f20ef963fe8dcd7fed85c","observation_id":"18a07232-92c9-4259-842a-41594899ff97","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.779847Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.783827Z","title":"Approximation capabilities of multilayer feedforward networks.Neural Net- works, 4(2):251–257, 1991","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1991},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":54,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.783827Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1780f9274489fac23fdcead2496eb8f29e7606980d412788fc7c590b15595ad0","observation_id":"68736bbc-827c-40bd-a8ff-ed26e491dcb8","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.783827Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.788144Z","title":"Analysis of a complex of statistical variables into principal components","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1933},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":55,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.788144Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4cd72d504100c219b1e840dcbd9977877727ef52b0571e620bb6ad584c6c4e8e","observation_id":"05adb0eb-4d8e-4a70-8413-907cdaf72e99","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.788144Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2106.09685","last_updated":"2021-10-16T18:40:34Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T18:04:53.578114Z","submitted_at":"2021-06-17T17:37:18Z","title":"LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2106.09685","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.792112Z","title":"Hu, Yelong Shen, Phillip Wallis, Zeyuan Allen-Zhu, Yuanzhi Li, Shean Wang, Lu Wang, and Weizhu Chen","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":56,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.792112Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2106.09685","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:942fbebf58c702ea3338d21ecfcc963f08712f5e0fc2d0bee218259f6ef12f6d","observation_id":"7b38f41f-cb35-4238-9cc3-b8cde1df56c1","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.792112Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2203.12221","last_updated":"2022-03-23T06:21:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:12:27.146342Z","submitted_at":"2022-03-23T06:21:53Z","title":"Modality Competition: What Makes Joint Training of Multi-modal Network Fail in Deep Learning? (Provably)","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2203.12221","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.795883Z","title":"Modality Com- petition: What Makes Joint Training of Multi-modal Network Fail in Deep Learning? (Prov- ably).arXiv e-prints, page arXiv:2203.12221, March 2022","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":57,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.795883Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2203.12221","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:510be3e4b1ae33570e235c780bd026605a52092717da35175e8b948731795946","observation_id":"c135ba4e-94fb-4030-bc3b-4208c9952154","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.795883Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.800016Z","title":"Position: the platonic representation hypothesis","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":58,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.800016Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:fb5295f513817388ca600147b5ad3fa531a3a571a6f2cd4dd2f16a96221dfe4a","observation_id":"dd9d3942-773c-4d65-80d4-9a5e61066310","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.800016Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.804171Z","title":"Nonlinear independent component analysis: Existence and uniqueness results.Neural networks, 12(3):429–439, 1999","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1999},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":59,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.804171Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ea2358cd7b06252835cec9b276295bdd4cea8108225c1428f7f2713185da6ccc","observation_id":"2a365e9c-86af-433d-822d-0529135b98bb","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.804171Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.808002Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":60,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.808002Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:79c41139ae0b258b9662990ac3c3e94f95ffb3f3cdfadd70631dccb3d33e043a","observation_id":"cba61947-d68b-4220-a752-e3329e6c3233","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.808002Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.811828Z","title":"MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1997","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1997},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":61,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.811828Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:65c4fc6d1cbad165686d42a1fc3c6e75f1a551b28b0f1e961bb0c561a0f24542","observation_id":"2f801d4f-eabb-4675-a5cf-048cc2532aae","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.811828Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.815936Z","title":"Bronstein, and Hagai B","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":62,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.815936Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:0c2658a1940be48334d9d46a62e00fedf1226c0d7b4b037aa3f27cc6cb6c988a","observation_id":"8b2bce69-b7b1-417b-85e3-17f37f0ab3a4","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.815936Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2001.08361","last_updated":"2020-01-23T03:59:20Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T17:41:53.092611Z","submitted_at":"2020-01-23T03:59:20Z","title":"Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2001.08361","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.820074Z","title":"Brown, Benjamin Chess, Rewon Child, Scott Gray, Alec Radford, Jeffrey Wu, and Dario Amodei","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2001},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":63,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.820074Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2001.08361","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ddc21f688a425224ac8d4e224e5676edec392f4b73a9ae5bc87c30fb7159860c","observation_id":"49f88f68-c3af-4640-afb6-64d04471b7df","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.820074Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.824051Z","title":"Physics-informed machine learning.Nature Reviews Physics, 3(6):422–440, 2021","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":64,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.824051Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:851097303257c9a97fe20214f780634bcd80ac1548b94c3bf073ce78a7e63634","observation_id":"a550a367-da32-4d9f-9895-a1ab3e196b32","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.824051Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1705.07115","last_updated":"2018-04-24T06:42:35Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:56:20.691119Z","submitted_at":"2017-05-19T17:56:57Z","title":"Multi-Task Learning Using Uncertainty to Weigh Losses for Scene Geometry and Semantics","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1705.07115","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.828277Z","title":"Multi-Task Learning Using Uncertainty to Weigh Losses for Scene Geometry and Semantics.arXiv e-prints, page arXiv:1705.07115, May 2017","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2017},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":65,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.828277Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1705.07115","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:99a419f67b68d4400b01f57ee8fdfc710a738a541117963403b31168c17c6099","observation_id":"b37fab68-c866-48ff-a20d-f6c0a56a159f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.828277Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.832613Z","title":"OmniSpectra: A Unified Foundation Model for Native Resolution Astronomical Spectra.arXiv e-prints, page arXiv:2601.15351, January 2026","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2026},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":66,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.832613Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ec2884d25852ff88e5c1b08d6385b272a61c15bbfeeb2be40fd05a1fcc96ee1e","observation_id":"99ba5a28-ab60-4970-900c-aaa0332ed1d5","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.832613Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2406.09246","last_updated":"2024-09-05T19:46:34Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T21:53:14.144225Z","submitted_at":"2024-06-13T15:46:55Z","title":"OpenVLA: An Open-Source Vision-Language-Action Model","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2406.09246","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.836948Z","title":"OpenVLA: An Open-Source Vision-Language-Action Model.arXiv e-prints, page arXiv:2406.09246, June 2024","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":67,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.836948Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2406.09246","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f7b532176e9cc1a639b3a09926911d12ba8267057c0c7134d86faec479ce75d2","observation_id":"f18683bd-80b7-4033-b85f-8be36d39d43a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.836948Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2304.02643","last_updated":"2023-04-05T17:59:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T05:14:59.435033Z","submitted_at":"2023-04-05T17:59:46Z","title":"Segment Anything","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2304.02643","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.841113Z","title":"Berg, Wan-Yen Lo, Piotr Doll ´ar, and Ross Girshick","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":68,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.841113Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2304.02643","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:8e14b33e5bece366443d0c6c7cb5d00fb3290b3c12c41982c928ffeb506df776","observation_id":"596901ed-c63b-4915-be60-7e6437c9d31b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.841113Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.04750","last_updated":"2024-11-07T14:35:32Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T10:26:03.274417Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-07T14:35:32Z","title":"SpectraFM: Tuning into Stellar Foundation Models","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2411.04750","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.844874Z","title":"SpectraFM: Tuning into Stellar Foundation Models.arXiv e-prints, page arXiv:2411.04750, November 2024","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":69,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.844874Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2411.04750","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ede43a474c07317276aa602f3fd0ae705b21b99a7106a4965c4ff7bc6f44a231","observation_id":"e08595c9-1e24-460e-9ce6-82009d59b6fe","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.844874Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1805.08974","last_updated":"2019-06-17T16:25:07Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T19:12:11.424350Z","submitted_at":"2018-05-23T06:12:35Z","title":"Do Better ImageNet Models Transfer Better?","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1805.08974","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.848911Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":70,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.848911Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1805.08974","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:83b82bf6460c2464c5004c7799019070e0a53d1c4b59f203aeecc9aab30df889","observation_id":"a6f0b268-5eb5-4390-b9ca-0832e2da8d67","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.848911Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.853071Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2017},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":71,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.853071Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b8800b3927ede1836390ac631a572a5c36e539665d92a2dba2e0979be2a3f799","observation_id":"5ee6aca0-e7b6-426b-9255-1c30354ce12b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.853071Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.857344Z","title":"Synthe spectrum synthesis programs and line data.Kurucz CD-Rom, 1993","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1993},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":72,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.857344Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:cc2069a7a88d7ad65be8e01f4a2355f00d028357fa86c5a78b752d8bb53f2f1d","observation_id":"f2ada00a-0f0c-4e02-8e71-b17e195f60df","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.857344Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.861652Z","title":"Lastufka, O","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":73,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.861652Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:6d97f17cdfe65150fa41e3fe7ca577be304b033374108fae107f9f933c334f9b","observation_id":"7b3f0ba9-e346-41b5-b733-c9262f0f0966","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.861652Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2402.05173","last_updated":"2024-05-28T13:41:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T14:20:29.102533Z","submitted_at":"2024-02-07T19:00:01Z","title":"Towards Understanding Inductive Bias in Transformers: A View From Infinity","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2402.05173","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.865806Z","title":"Towards Understanding Inductive Bias in Trans- formers: A View From Infinity.arXiv e-prints, page arXiv:2402.05173, February 2024","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":74,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.865806Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2402.05173","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b33618a3ed2d158f7f148ac40423a6e5b02b1c3d90ba3c1f4b970c8e26a0155f","observation_id":"115e4a2d-a94e-4cfc-94e9-40f40a07e8a8","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.865806Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.870072Z","title":"Lecun, L","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1998},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":75,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.870072Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d84c074b14ee6a6643ef8670a6418549110c6aa0e9997c9351238ec925d57950","observation_id":"2f40a7ea-ed27-42e5-b89d-70cc0916dbbe","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.870072Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.874158Z","title":"A path towards autonomous machine intelligence","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":76,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.874158Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:69eb5d15a4922cc36e7d45478f84380d58a087e751773939a564cab5b9dbf85d","observation_id":"3b8ae88d-db21-461c-b028-9d99dd564923","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.874158Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.878060Z","title":"Rediscover- ing orbital mechanics with machine learning.Machine Learning: Science and Technology, 4(4):045002, December 2023","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":77,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.878060Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:50b4f1a9fe8ff09952525a0a7b6e111de1231370f5113af353a71665366dad67","observation_id":"bc770726-aa42-4b84-b6e9-f3f92988238a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.878060Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.882147Z","title":"Leung and Jo Bovy","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":78,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.882147Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:867aa0fe79bacb0e0ab184b8d6a7df6b558977e5709ff19b394b9ab16e066c19","observation_id":"2cdff265-c62d-49c0-ae0a-4a29e2b26521","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.882147Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.06357","last_updated":"2025-07-08T19:39:07Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:00:13.177644Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-08T19:39:07Z","title":"Differentiable Stellar Atmospheres with Physics-Informed Neural Networks","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2507.06357","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.886202Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":79,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.886202Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2507.06357","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e292dccb16b79a9648e85474c6ad20903e8591ca75ce5e797121ba539f3e24f9","observation_id":"247b0f9c-a48b-48c9-8544-5d7520d188ce","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.886202Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2203.02053","last_updated":"2022-10-19T20:39:13Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:17:05.021289Z","submitted_at":"2022-03-03T22:53:54Z","title":"Mind the Gap: Understanding the Modality Gap in Multi-modal Contrastive Representation Learning","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2203.02053","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.890280Z","title":"Mind the Gap: Understanding the Modality Gap in Multi-modal Contrastive Representation Learning.arXiv e-prints, page arXiv:2203.02053, March 2022","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":80,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.890280Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2203.02053","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:74db1f3fd0c852fdf8b56e8ef52fda510de2ac020d471a30641cf1d0d9fad264","observation_id":"fdc3b59e-ffdc-4230-b0ab-23375b4f97d9","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.890280Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1811.12359","last_updated":"2019-06-18T08:58:18Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T17:51:09.156124Z","submitted_at":"2018-11-29T18:10:40Z","title":"Challenging Common Assumptions in the Unsupervised Learning of Disentangled Representations","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1811.12359","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.894299Z","title":"Challenging Common Assumptions in the Unsupervised Learning of Disentangled Representations.arXiv e-prints, page arXiv:1811.12359, Novem- ber 2018","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":81,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.894299Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1811.12359","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:97e636ff532a8d637e744a49801385246656c87f1eea146bb652ab3be570e84a","observation_id":"930ec956-6457-4a34-a7ec-c412c68d049a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.894299Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.898594Z","title":"Fama—a scalable foundational astronomical masked autoencoder for astronomical image analysis.The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 283(2):49, mar 2026","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2026},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":82,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.898594Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:787b8fee52bbb94c29fc33d079c003ee8224e4d2588fc6cc2ef7ba9f7ff7c509","observation_id":"b7ff1658-0b03-4b91-baeb-86010f2c7efe","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.898594Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.902339Z","title":"Masters, Chris J","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":83,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.902339Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ce000f0a6235feb399198aca5aaa4bedcb978c040feeb9a34bd9ba59e433d1d1","observation_id":"a6235e8a-ef07-4e0f-82f5-589fe9d6b0fb","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.902339Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2511.15684","last_updated":"2026-07-05T16:37:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T03:02:26.379941Z","submitted_at":"2025-11-19T18:36:03Z","title":"Walrus: A Cross-Domain Foundation Model for Continuum Dynamics","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2511.15684","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.906259Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":84,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.906259Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2511.15684","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:098404933c6a4e6facd4ec57de864c43359b664a05a8749aa1e216763a1f07a2","observation_id":"cde19b91-3b63-4354-99b1-90fb92c9da15","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.906259Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2310.02994","last_updated":"2024-12-10T16:25:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T11:31:16.858777Z","submitted_at":"2023-10-04T17:29:19Z","title":"Multiple Physics Pretraining for Physical Surrogate Models","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2310.02994","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.910538Z","title":"Multiple Physics Pretraining for Physical Surrogate Models.arXiv e-prints, page arXiv:2310.02994, October 2023","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":85,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.910538Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2310.02994","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:7ef4c827b46292d4c399091ec104a3262d3937b102522ef8ff375c6095f67e4b","observation_id":"fca2db98-1d86-4e25-84b3-9c883a55a259","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.910538Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.914992Z","title":"A logical calculus of the ideas immanent in nervous activity.The bulletin of mathematical biophysics, 5(4):115–133, 1943","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1943},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":86,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.914992Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:683e97d582ea1fc172b59a4f7e139d0b2cddd342f9a3c425accb187ca8780a56","observation_id":"0906e878-bdba-4d25-93f8-c0729021c264","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.914992Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1301.3781","last_updated":"2013-09-07T00:30:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T03:04:11.148340Z","submitted_at":"2013-01-16T18:24:43Z","title":"Efficient Estimation of Word Representations in Vector Space","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1301.3781","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.919258Z","title":"Efficient Estimation of Word Representations in Vector Space.arXiv e-prints, page arXiv:1301.3781, January 2013","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2013},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":87,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.919258Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1301.3781","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b4c4491a1b38f413751225790b74f0379a46c190302a8f787504ff23f606b57b","observation_id":"5fb55caa-3c81-4369-bb08-35965813de2c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.919258Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.923534Z","title":"Re- current neural network based language model","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2010},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":88,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.923534Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d8a743760b78d97bded7edd2fc60db0cb1c97bd5269f9f8a46601c562efb794b","observation_id":"3d2794b5-44e8-4841-80fc-704e99b11205","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.923534Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2312.06647","last_updated":"2023-12-11T18:57:35Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T14:35:46.209386Z","submitted_at":"2023-12-11T18:57:35Z","title":"4M: Massively Multimodal Masked Modeling","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2312.06647","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.927420Z","title":"4M: Massively Multimodal Masked Modeling.arXiv e-prints, page arXiv:2312.06647, December 2023","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":89,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.927420Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2312.06647","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b51cc53e40e08298815a93a6a244f6e213878848b24a754575dd9b8f090f3168","observation_id":"151eddc3-4447-448c-82fe-e0dbb8a2f70f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.927420Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2301.05217","last_updated":"2023-10-19T21:25:32Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T10:20:00.635719Z","submitted_at":"2023-01-12T18:56:49Z","title":"Progress measures for grokking via mechanistic interpretability","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2301.05217","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.931371Z","title":"Progress measures for grokking via mechanistic interpretability.arXiv e-prints, page arXiv:2301.05217, January 2023","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":90,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.931371Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2301.05217","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:81a4b475dca2751c577edf8757fec3061716633ff18054634dcd3b9ea8d170e9","observation_id":"007279fc-4bf4-4056-bff2-a5048711e3d7","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.931371Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.935642Z","title":"Yi, Kim Venn, and Spencer Bialek","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":91,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.935642Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:0935614ccb67eeecfe5bc3a45fa63dcc08035523634c5eda309e630f2aa4a72f","observation_id":"1aa1b4fd-fc57-4320-86f3-1fbd43208e4e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.935642Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.939353Z","title":"Emergence of simple-cell receptive field properties by learning a sparse code for natural images.Nature, 381(6583):607–609, 1996","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1996},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":92,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.939353Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:5f7184f5b4abe1ad0297ec7db2906d0f851e6e9267563c4b914cd08013d249ae","observation_id":"50ac3627-0ac4-4d5b-9ae7-cd8b88575cd2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.939353Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.943166Z","title":"Debiasing with Diffusion: Probabilistic Reconstruction of Dark Matter Fields from Galaxies with CAMELS.ApJ, 970(2):174, August 2024","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":93,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.943166Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c16c569a539d5a567c3a5f0189008affb18cc5463563b5b844be18ac4f5eafd9","observation_id":"7b04085a-4413-468f-9f1f-6bf52cc980ad","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.943166Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2304.07193","last_updated":"2024-02-02T10:24:09Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T13:03:40.359628Z","submitted_at":"2023-04-14T15:12:19Z","title":"DINOv2: Learning Robust Visual Features without Supervision","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2304.07193","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.947365Z","title":"DINOv2: Learning Robust Visual Features without Supervision.arXiv e-prints, page arXiv:2304.07193, April 2023","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":94,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.947365Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2304.07193","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f980b04b78c8ecfefa31df2c2f8055ae1579824db538c3c285c11961f17e0f81","observation_id":"5890d641-9805-4d6c-bf86-f284c18aa992","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.947365Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.952156Z","title":"SKATR: A self-supervised summary transformer for SKA.SciPost Physics, 18(5):155, May 2025","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":95,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.952156Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:94c7628a206160eadca4082f1b2a3bd2176f89f893721a9d70d3286f6380aeaf","observation_id":"eeccf5d1-d2e4-4b67-8ec9-61a26cc0afc1","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.952156Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2203.02155","last_updated":"2022-03-04T07:04:42Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T02:11:23.670680Z","submitted_at":"2022-03-04T07:04:42Z","title":"Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2203.02155","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.956005Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":96,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.956005Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2203.02155","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1f030b562928da456b2d476c250e09fbd0b5b2ec717a490fe4482973504a5552","observation_id":"8565998e-1619-4771-85cb-a9d5985ebb7b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.956005Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2405.17156","last_updated":"2024-06-17T12:13:21Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T13:49:03.132798Z","submitted_at":"2024-05-27T13:31:03Z","title":"The Scaling Law in Stellar Light Curves","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2405.17156","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.960084Z","title":"The Scaling Law in Stellar Light Curves.arXiv e-prints, page arXiv:2405.17156, May 2024","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":97,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.960084Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2405.17156","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:13b467bbccd762b941682b7cf767da604b6beaf06a6c2ff9999c026f5fa201e6","observation_id":"33d73756-5cbc-4597-b745-0806cca3f902","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.960084Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.964323Z","title":"A survey on transfer learning.IEEE Trans","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2010},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":98,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.964323Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:59fc657b6c79ba2a43747274445015c58a8be154143f3b9b285747a75a73c1d2","observation_id":"02d8042a-f960-4d15-9c6c-41bf4defbd12","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.964323Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.968488Z","title":"Zhao & Y .-S","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":99,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.968488Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:90abce150383babb092a137d0ae534535c113382a4e54182d952e26a20c3e6ae","observation_id":"46ca1b79-241a-43c6-9090-2c2a9fb5fa83","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.968488Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.972238Z","title":"AION-1: Omnimodal Foundation Model for Astronomical Sciences.arXiv e-prints, page arXiv:2510.17960, October 2025","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics","version":1},"reference_index":100,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.972238Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.02573"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f41265df347e180d9a2165f49c627c3d6f3f8bfc88f5cff513d9d5a2036eb89a","observation_id":"f4507b4c-24e5-421d-b939-914e66180738","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T04:31:48.972238Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}}],"paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.02573","last_updated":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","latest_version":1,"primary_category":"astro-ph.IM","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T01:51:25.474724Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-03T17:49:40Z","title":"Foundation Models for Astrophysics"},"reference_resolution":{"displayed":100,"state_counts":{"malformed_identifier":0,"metadata_mismatch":0,"parse_uncertain":0,"unresolved":100,"verified_exact":0,"verified_fuzzy":0},"total_outbound_references":150},"refusal":"A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.","schema":"pith.paper-citation-record.v1","standing_sources":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"thesis":"As of 19 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 100 of 150 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2608.02573."}