{"as_of":"2026-08-18T22:45:00Z","caps":{"database_statements":6,"inbound":100,"outbound":100},"context_digest":"sha256:a4b9645c91954839d003385dc93c74d621b29d896289fd1dba8ab48117197ea8","coverage":[{"denominator":288,"lane":"reference_resolution","note":"Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.","records_observed":100,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.808082Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":100,"lane":"standing_notices","note":"One-hop event checks from named stored sources.","records_observed":100,"source":"scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache","source_observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","state":"measured"},{"denominator":0,"lane":"inbound_itemization","note":"Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.","records_observed":0,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":null,"state":"measured"},{"denominator":1,"lane":"external_citation_measurements","note":"A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.","records_observed":0,"source":"cited_works","source_observed_at":null,"state":"measured"}],"external_citation_measurements":[],"inbound":[],"links":{"evidence":"/evidence","html":"/paper/2608.10186/citation-record","integrity":"/paper/2608.10186/integrity","json":"/paper/2608.10186/citation-record.json","paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"outbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:06.650836Z","title":"SlidesLive , urldate =","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":1,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:06.650836Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:405e67675f201a9e17602b60014bbf973dc6ba05cb14d047bdb0ecfcc493ac56","observation_id":"5118fa64-00ec-407c-a8e2-a8c91cf0f154","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:06.650836Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:06.679003Z","title":"Ercan, Selen and McSwiney, Jordan and Parry, Lucy J","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":2,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:06.679003Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b86199d8c3fe779edc89a8c4f5fa1b7441fa6027593446731d9c27965977eb30","observation_id":"e4f87c5f-28d8-484b-97e5-31eb88e92cba","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:06.679003Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1907.04126","last_updated":"2020-01-16T10:10:32Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T18:23:47.690608Z","submitted_at":"2019-07-09T13:06:31Z","title":"Sentiment and position-taking analysis of parliamentary debates: A systematic literature review","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1907.04126","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:06.704760Z","title":"Sentiment and Position-Taking Analysis of Parliamentary Debates:","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1907},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":3,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:06.704760Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1907.04126","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9c5091b683aa6d614ba6db884d1a87744ddc3901f65e36fe3eb98b0572144e05","observation_id":"da4b0e22-3bfb-45c2-b449-10547d5d72c3","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:06.704760Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1111/edth.70037","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:59.366963Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"67c77688-75b7-4609-a753-fcc890fe80c7","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":4,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:06.732661Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:6fd0de5687dd0528d5b8d7eeaa1c12fd1c2001daf846c3db152050983af1fd11","observation_id":"0691396f-94ab-4969-8771-4814b503c338","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:59.380679Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:06.762466Z","title":", year = 2023, journal =","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":5,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:06.762466Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d3e2722aaa5b8399b40d366a57db27485fd921976203e84d90f2b60b8f6fb189","observation_id":"9046fc3b-f41d-44b5-912b-fbd5c3ca2972","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:06.762466Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2512.09187","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:59.309298Z","title":"doi:10.48550/arXiv.2512.09187 , urldate =","venue":null,"work_id":"f6440ab2-d83b-48a1-8641-d3ea3087f413","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":6,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:06.780743Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9bab3cd9de03626259f952f8d81fabeb90d8d35023fea331d84b9b0ab45d6838","observation_id":"7dc6053c-fedd-4a78-b8ba-793aef46f61d","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:59.334831Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2310.03903","last_updated":"2025-04-28T20:21:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T16:28:44.346407Z","submitted_at":"2023-10-05T21:18:15Z","title":"LLM-Coordination: Evaluating and Analyzing Multi-agent Coordination Abilities in Large Language Models","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2310.03903","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:06.809252Z","title":"doi:10.48550/arXiv.2310.03903 , urldate =","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":7,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:06.809252Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2310.03903","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a33b3eda311c37ada05a527111f090bf89bd4144da11eaceabf20121199e7f57","observation_id":"5c4fac41-8d1e-41c2-a34a-8dd36a807bed","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:06.809252Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1332/273241721x16647876031174","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:59.111303Z","title":"Automating Social Media Content Moderation: Implications for Governance and Labour Discretion , shorttitle =","venue":null,"work_id":"18568d91-dbb2-40ab-b94e-b2e8ba7dcd26","year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":8,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:06.857565Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e349569f730a6c20b86fcb66024bbe7864d7f9150c33bb87cfe294f0491471dd","observation_id":"7b6abda5-0012-4e57-bbb7-b36a1254ddee","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:59.154790Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:06.876069Z","title":"Science and Engineering Ethics , volume =","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":9,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:06.876069Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:289a3678c98afea59dcdd657e6c9aae16ee5ead6698e07297b05be3ac59f78c0","observation_id":"43f6b150-dbcb-4e48-b036-bb7d8bfcc240","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:06.876069Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-95469-6_8","metadata_source":"openalex","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T11:08:50.044864Z","title":null,"venue":"Radical theologies and philosophies","work_id":"4ebe4558-db07-4c07-b64b-3bc5712b7506","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":10,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:06.922755Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:38873202c277163e4df7f3b9f5c50b9f672ca0d193b035f358c99bde1777cc08","observation_id":"8494fe24-6ea9-4625-8734-a903d7133351","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:58.980169Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-76473-8_12","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:58.831480Z","title":"Disinformation and the","venue":null,"work_id":"b07edb73-e880-4a1e-bf9b-76ad5b0edaec","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":11,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:06.955219Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a138d2f4d75340c84b51e83ddbbe14c6b03f250e344e50fee296f215f81ac846","observation_id":"f5714321-1310-4259-924f-7858b105881a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:58.872970Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:06.995038Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":12,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:06.995038Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d6e3ef59a932e11191ec4eb0834f22dece7909556998f9c88cb35285c45742fc","observation_id":"d078807d-13ec-4eb9-86dc-a1770b2aab90","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:06.995038Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.033951Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2026},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":13,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.033951Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4f35c0acae8a9c896994dc4c029fb02593e5f0953c8d40857bf3b261ee2c68ca","observation_id":"0c411668-22c1-4ff9-8c24-477b4cfde385","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.033951Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.3366/epi.2006.3.1-2.8","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:58.673508Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"b6296264-68fb-4ea1-9b3f-6a0962e79013","year":2006},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":14,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.054756Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:dac108ccf07e3110bfc53266af6a05faa74017baa664e48d709883545dc88efa","observation_id":"eae30030-9203-433c-b80e-b5a164b60595","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:58.715759Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.077476Z","title":", year = 2017, month = dec, volume =","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2017},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":15,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.077476Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:03264f972d4e506878debafc36d0328b97fd710c22b310ded223ba95a09fc2ae","observation_id":"7818e647-c105-42f7-ab17-ea903699624a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.077476Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.100444Z","title":"Harnessing","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":16,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.100444Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:388ff3d8cb48a3ecee435c8eabacc9003128ee3f79e2565a7a7e4ad07783c587","observation_id":"c81176e7-bd26-4060-a6c5-77c7f4c17150","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.100444Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1609/icwsm.v13i01.3210","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:58.606467Z","title":"Political","venue":null,"work_id":"fd3f7dcc-d972-4f99-9007-262379a69fe6","year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":17,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.123717Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ac567ca79d9c885421fa733bacdf4e8f537ef372a276e7b8783d548bc5b0cf21","observation_id":"75e0e049-3eba-4595-a537-8385912aa1e2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:58.619580Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-67256-4_22","metadata_source":"openalex","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T11:08:50.044864Z","title":"Deliberative","venue":"Lecture notes in computer science","work_id":"60e0dc1b-d446-412f-800d-bd9ee0f99996","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":18,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.148700Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f078e7393e5810671dfe2caeb7cf1a09d13bc90596bc0bb0de07623bbac912d0","observation_id":"8514ac0a-63c0-43fc-919a-9f4cea233c5b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:58.549126Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1111/emre.12452","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:58.485806Z","title":"and Sele, Kathrin and Etchanchu, Helen and Guyt, Jonne Y","venue":null,"work_id":"aee86a2c-68ea-49d9-b4ff-6edd2830c06e","year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":19,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.184749Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:8d23240d820bc62c1bd25e0d8855c9f9e06754417ba1ff7ada33dcb537c867fa","observation_id":"51086982-115f-4608-8e7c-28aaf6cf9b90","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:58.497314Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.212451Z","title":"and Bail, Christopher A","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":20,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.212451Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d86930599af2877bae98f9091597a65572c17ac25a84a8479aaa6c44b5699784","observation_id":"c6de3abe-4ea2-4c31-bc8c-fb582e3b15fe","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.212451Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.226345Z","title":"and Busby, Ethan C","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":21,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.226345Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f88cec3b7ff375a7907244cf2f001bd1476a877579178ed0cfb144848c3d9d0e","observation_id":"863807d7-edde-468d-8e4d-149065d818ed","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.226345Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.254312Z","title":"and Busby, Ethan C","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":22,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.254312Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a25e2e822e6df46526be02cf3825fceaf6ae6535c69e6e6b41af2b32dc883b1e","observation_id":"7665ea21-42e9-4808-990d-a8474c8f1894","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.254312Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.279916Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":23,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.279916Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:26720c68c82c145730e1c400dab22dde7a0b491fd0eefcd668dbf414b7905def","observation_id":"8b2a4688-01fc-47e9-a9ce-fa4324bb2cfb","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.279916Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.305671Z","title":"The Self and the Other in Democracy: Exploring the Opposite of Identity through the Politics of Becoming , shorttitle =","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":24,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.305671Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:cbd259d710e2f3d53365853286cca28d3180cceffb2ef37f64c7a9ee34834a49","observation_id":"a743ae3a-243d-47d5-81cd-822609662e34","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.305671Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.327445Z","title":"Deliberation and","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2013},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":25,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.327445Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a710b6a410387d3c8c370439f26030c220aa4e14b4a0b3a2e31c8283e43c4dc2","observation_id":"30569827-28ad-4a47-803a-9d535986e95f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.327445Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.365348Z","title":"Emergent Social Conventions and Collective Bias in","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":26,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.365348Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:7cd4a2b3f7e33306e74fe871f67417ea499c27603203d0b04259eae7c686919b","observation_id":"89284e5d-8154-48d9-9aec-f6f5eeb9eff4","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.365348Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.425342Z","title":"PLOS Computational Biology , volume =","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":27,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.425342Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f7afdbfd7fd005201e4985bf7a54105422e212eee7006056d2fe5844f19cce6f","observation_id":"19aab0b9-b46a-4ec6-9d29-9b0b830290c1","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.425342Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2108.01720","last_updated":"2022-04-29T16:18:01Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T18:05:29.154095Z","submitted_at":"2021-08-03T19:47:13Z","title":"RELATIO: Text Semantics Capture Political and Economic Narratives","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2108.01720","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.449273Z","title":"doi:10.48550/arXiv.2108.01720 , urldate =","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":28,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.449273Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2108.01720","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:0a44830c59f9011df2c913e137d434c67abdc0e7383d52efc3d3fa06684f6376","observation_id":"7323ab9f-f66f-4a5f-b37e-8399e9f6649e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.449273Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1017/s0007123414000167","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:58.348832Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"f9076945-86f5-49ee-8b07-448af04c47f9","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":29,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.485898Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:dd699680bf2dcb60a590a564fa28dac2fab3af0be070f05e8fc926cc6d857c83","observation_id":"49c1aaf3-a702-4fae-a08b-eeb922756bca","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:58.353616Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.534749Z","title":"Deliberative","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":31,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.534749Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:96450e770c40236089e09050d55ccf2ddef058b7e6cf2a00d7cc63de45837da7","observation_id":"c3f0bd6d-953f-4885-9fea-f1b507ca7f33","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.534749Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.583070Z","title":"Disentangling","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2009},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":33,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.583070Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1bb84e9ce96b0edabd89de2f4a25c40b6ffe4de574f9d29c67b260fd7a576727","observation_id":"a71cf3a4-536b-40fa-a8ac-d2c9994b72d8","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.583070Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.588717Z","title":"Mapping and","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":34,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.588717Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ba3ca2b2db50eb18b31d94be758c423ce4e3845a1ad3356349232fe84ebb0ea2","observation_id":"c9b767a5-a37a-4121-9753-82914974b06b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.588717Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.16997/jdd.254","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:58.263518Z","title":"Taking the","venue":null,"work_id":"d8f171fe-8b7e-4542-9823-f7a675cb5992","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":36,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.606377Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:140684b630dcc57c2ec277c53f5cb30526e646c29c6461c12b3fb75a87f127b6","observation_id":"519ce794-c839-4e43-be48-7ee41a32e5b3","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:58.304755Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1007/978-3-531-90400-9_3","metadata_source":"openalex","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T11:08:50.044864Z","title":"doi:10.1007/978-3-531-90400-9_3 , urldate =","venue":"VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften eBooks","work_id":"32173ab1-b8e6-46e4-9817-fcde8703455a","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":37,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.622010Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9810e2991ddd0c753ffa053cc7c208fc1a4b63eff4ba0c11e532c4257577d3b8","observation_id":"ef43a7b6-0bcf-47f9-9116-1986fd3456a6","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:58.238466Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1007/s12286-013-0153-x","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:58.171042Z","title":"Zeitschrift f\\\"ur Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft , volume =","venue":null,"work_id":"45d7df9c-4f9a-416a-9b02-7e9a180446ab","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":39,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.664839Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:3a1e46797937ac4a8675282485f391d9abd11cd44fbd69f645a366285b1f317d","observation_id":"2d3fa573-a32b-4271-bf22-1c6b46faf3ef","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:58.191838Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.678556Z","title":"Krautreporter , urldate =","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":40,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.678556Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4f485dbf5222b9003703dc081f40c4d05d9b3202163955c72bbcf8b6e94f3979","observation_id":"b14a2fb4-0b4c-4a43-9e2b-6a1f02e8d834","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.678556Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.684745Z","title":", year = 2015, month = jun, journal =","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2015},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":41,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.684745Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:600315e23776b1096d598d9baef9345d9dd11c19aaedb20f338085d59c5dda1e","observation_id":"090c5231-5482-4700-8d81-6ebb6fe3bf1b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.684745Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.08087","last_updated":"2024-12-16T02:37:34Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T17:05:00.140592Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-11T04:09:35Z","title":"From Division to Unity: A Large-Scale Study on the Emergence of Computational Social Science, 1990-2021","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2412.08087","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2412.08087","metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"2412.08087","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:16:15.895014Z","title":"From Division to Unity: A Large-Scale Study on the Emergence of Computational Social Science, 1990-2021","venue":"cs.CY","work_id":"e283cb96-d547-4708-a6f5-872d1de8ac45","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":42,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.714758Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2412.08087","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4aab725e14b9ce757dbeab22e0c26f5442f9274e54ea8597a7dc102e164ef491","observation_id":"732fc5dc-ef56-40eb-841f-3f4328aaeb30","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:58.104843Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"metadata_mismatch"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-95469-6_13","metadata_source":"openalex","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T11:08:50.044864Z","title":"Dialectic of","venue":"Radical theologies and philosophies","work_id":"1aa2830d-f46c-457b-8b58-6707b50eefc6","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":43,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.744750Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b4baff89b859e3f20a141ac9f36433d4aec738c99949aef0179538693b17c9b5","observation_id":"48f1818e-94b5-4dd8-a965-e499e57364a5","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:58.036656Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-50784-7","metadata_source":"openalex","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T11:08:50.044864Z","title":null,"venue":"SpringerBriefs in political science","work_id":"27149b45-3f2a-4f33-a188-211fb902f95f","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":44,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.773118Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d3a990caefbd50eb45405921000cd888daa9a599767a1eac089b2f8cbb505d89","observation_id":"356082cd-72c6-4ca8-a680-209ef01d1c19","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:57.992605Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-95469-6_6","metadata_source":"openalex","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T11:08:50.044864Z","title":"Technological","venue":"Radical theologies and philosophies","work_id":"27c837e0-336d-4d29-a2b8-95d3eec6e382","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":45,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.778620Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e1cdcb004b9d80aa735f0b44fa4f24f5e92c55a63d1bb45039b7a2326cfd6db8","observation_id":"e0228532-d357-44d1-8e40-8a0059140210","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:57.970657Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.808544Z","title":"Modeling","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":46,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.808544Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e53023687e1403dbc0d5837e0001c33adc343aba335d27351f4e975028b78be6","observation_id":"f2960b4d-30e2-4d95-b7c6-427cb630e753","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.808544Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2410.22932","last_updated":"2024-11-01T12:37:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T13:04:35.280532Z","submitted_at":"2024-10-30T11:38:13Z","title":"Multi-Agent Large Language Models for Conversational Task-Solving","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2410.22932","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.834748Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":47,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.834748Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2410.22932","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:505db172530aa7476f30e0a65bdc9cac80a6812a78ac156e3a6cfeb3cce8eaed","observation_id":"7a37edf5-2059-424b-af6f-702bab0523ba","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.834748Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2404.02761","last_updated":"2024-04-17T10:56:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T14:03:56.295631Z","submitted_at":"2024-04-03T14:07:02Z","title":"AQuA -- Combining Experts' and Non-Experts' Views To Assess Deliberation Quality in Online Discussions Using LLMs","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2404.02761","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.851159Z","title":"arXiv , langid =:2404.02761 , primaryclass =","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":48,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.851159Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2404.02761","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:345bf7845e3abd187e366d97b508a9e895b4bb922b2fa7f7168ef7cb09684131","observation_id":"5ba8f842-1732-46b5-8033-c382f48d06c7","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.851159Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2506.02533","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:57.728897Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"194a7bdc-6dbc-43e1-9d36-4fc452714aa6","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":49,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.876983Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4222d6c08dd5c8942807d68a4d2a104634d168e6f107f1ee7ff45b1b00111053","observation_id":"648343c9-b6a5-4440-809f-94b96e4a5e61","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:57.744058Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.906847Z","title":"The Disinformation Order:","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":50,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.906847Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:6ff84a381d8745b70ae11642557b8253439b4ea7c0728c6c34aa4bfb38d05d49","observation_id":"c6580c46-f7ac-48c4-be80-20a2f2f51f9c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.906847Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1007/s11229-021-03161-0","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:57.465060Z","title":"The Epistemic Value of Deliberative Democracy: How Far Can Diversity Take Us? , shorttitle =","venue":null,"work_id":"4c6ac369-b552-419c-98dc-eb9d3a5ba157","year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":52,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.967929Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:521d770b28d320c518ef16f0a3088bedcd898cf27c45d53deda8f34fdbe9a75d","observation_id":"f5aa5520-83ea-43ff-9cc6-15f776e1778a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:57.514818Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.978065Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":53,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.978065Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f2782a755ac3637cb18a08513f73942c687ddd1353bf8f35b771ffc8fc159c22","observation_id":"4f6807f0-d96d-4730-ba37-0d22b920ac71","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:07.978065Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2877706","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:57.406557Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"25e5c889-4967-426c-9027-25f66ee28786","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":54,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.001557Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:8086f752ffa3edf64d9f6c7e31451a22f8fdd1c79e434b6dde6adb6c5e2aac86","observation_id":"29b00eeb-2457-4d75-8175-29dc0e06ee21","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:57.448701Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1140/epjst/e2015-50319-0","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:57.367703Z","title":"The European Physical Journal Special Topics , volume =","venue":null,"work_id":"b67d568d-a3b9-4481-ab07-dd34fcf5cb18","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":55,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.015556Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:15d348961920885bbf8f6d5d3bb8f8126bdaeeb32597a9f7d413596b115fe384","observation_id":"36363b29-de80-4fe2-bbc3-97431f4933a1","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:57.375093Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-72241-7_12","metadata_source":"openalex","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T11:08:50.044864Z","title":"Moderating","venue":"Lecture notes in computer science","work_id":"41a8dc97-dc40-4255-848f-7bd20e152c7a","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":56,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.031900Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:bf52563a7dd0329ce08553f561cd3f00fb8c7171368467d2deefa39512aa2c47","observation_id":"d1a95475-d629-424b-a60e-f81e46374800","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:57.349389Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.078908Z","title":"Cross-Lingual","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":57,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.078908Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:0c4d44eaa3bf462eaad8e642f9c7278743a381dfe09ddc59d2204a69e1ea1f27","observation_id":"44a7f35e-be4b-464b-876a-732e97004de2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.078908Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.110572Z","title":"Pre-Training Is a","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":58,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.110572Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:5f32f831c2f267fc32dd61c3e08f1cb68765006dabf7e4854756fad9c67ebc4b","observation_id":"5c643845-8c22-4a36-b2dd-2fbd66f5ef04","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.110572Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2510.21180","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:57.228438Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"18957e3f-2381-4322-a401-4ae22ad6436d","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":59,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.116258Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:745293c73c41a3959163ba2f3b5acfe27e7901a8bd4907aa023676d35e602db2","observation_id":"62117604-01f0-4a78-940e-e856f1263c77","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:57.259546Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.132866Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":60,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.132866Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:96e169e20432b2d82570f359b004abc76756d90c540f87dc6e8a3c36cdf9e22d","observation_id":"cfddb3f7-746e-4b96-9780-b1f32012cb4a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.132866Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.150594Z","title":"Creating Spaces for Online Deliberation , booktitle =","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":61,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.150594Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:70f0058b70f0d3351133bf7efeac6344d7c24771a5ce02617851190d2fb2e10d","observation_id":"5d22a0e5-5e6f-438f-8893-475f755c37ad","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.150594Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.159648Z","title":"Bev\\\"olkerungsrat 2025:","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":62,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.159648Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:3848da0d45bf91118bd84b2d70fe07a0491739cc17a87aee86c58d75665fd916","observation_id":"bec29c33-b121-4f11-a9f4-f5fe77f8339b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.159648Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.179561Z","title":", year = 2008, journal =","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2008},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":63,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.179561Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:17e50e1882bfc92a7ac148b2b7d44fc874b99462bd2eb2abd85f3ce9c438f000","observation_id":"0672033b-db41-43d7-8dd7-76ffa76beb7a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.179561Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.195774Z","title":"Scribd , urldate =","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":64,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.195774Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:5801dcced34692201561c9ed59dd9a5cec128e5be3623cbd861b861909940d31","observation_id":"74ff7961-a8b7-4e59-899f-e68cc887487a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.195774Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.7551/mitpress/2324.001.0001","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:56.961817Z","title":"Deliberative","venue":null,"work_id":"385f17aa-c22f-42ac-930a-d54e51d64650","year":1997},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":65,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.199699Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:613a6a896ddf0f86c59a49d71432103bb06fed8b903c94c369c8e5336e689ade","observation_id":"fb5fd4fe-3e0c-44fa-9468-85ba0147b5b8","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:56.975736Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.218728Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1998},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":66,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.218728Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e8014177236a5b4d82a895c5dad5e031a8903f24da6a446d321431e712b055ca","observation_id":"ca78b483-ee3b-42c6-b2d0-ef378de142f9","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.218728Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.234729Z","title":"Intersubjective","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":67,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.234729Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c81a2b4ec9d95c14f90cb208c487f86921791909efe4eb969a7da818101b584c","observation_id":"c56db2d4-3b03-4473-ba20-2ecd88afe56b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.234729Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1177/00027642221092798","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:56.913344Z","title":"Democratic","venue":null,"work_id":"a4e09194-b55f-4179-821b-bc6978445416","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":68,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.251156Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:3081892d7edfc48d42667f747049db0ce42132fa869c11c07ecd9b9f8ffb8af4","observation_id":"1451c8a0-f984-4210-a1df-b70aaa785ddf","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:56.935001Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.264755Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":69,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.264755Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:da8f5b8a7f7667f34a283970633885b6db8d9466a09bbd0cf0cb6517e6e4f70c","observation_id":"196b049e-324b-4ab0-ae7c-dd2fc6567836","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.264755Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1561/113.00000128","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:56.854950Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"12d43461-61f7-4d12-a0f4-22a14e7a30e9","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":70,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.278843Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1eb61b0ff4c567e069928094dbee722da30fac65ba0fb31a2d5ad8e92eef8ff4","observation_id":"26774a0e-9132-41bd-a256-e7858ec3eb23","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:56.865260Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.288599Z","title":"and Berger, William J","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2017},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":71,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.288599Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:cfcdc0a9b1b82b3c210a59551053b021774a34f1b500cb93877948a3137a0897","observation_id":"bc678aea-30b0-45cb-9257-da7f08e57ab3","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.288599Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.298926Z","title":"Platform","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":72,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.298926Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1defe86ba5a239828c78e02b37fae2b0ad40323ccfb3baf2c7176aaf5e492da8","observation_id":"f1c9452c-6ca8-4267-809f-178c82473aae","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.298926Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.4324/9780429022500","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:56.783281Z","title":"doi:10.4324/9780429022500 , urldate =","venue":null,"work_id":"f0a28600-a529-48ba-9f1f-3d990f8048f3","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":73,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.308745Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:29eea96cc25bfda0b3db85e96ba2c2064bb758068624321a7cd64d4bcdf114d8","observation_id":"2e72ef04-baab-47b9-8ea2-4c703df579fe","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:56.813408Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2005.14165","last_updated":"2020-07-22T19:47:17Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T02:11:23.670680Z","submitted_at":"2020-05-28T17:29:03Z","title":"Language Models are Few-Shot Learners","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2005.14165","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.316792Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":74,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.316792Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2005.14165","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:0a844bdb934a5a1e3d8b4925989eec9ebc0b09d966f493cd9901311cf814e493","observation_id":"95265957-dd55-489f-8b5b-fdd01fc1b6a5","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.316792Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.350585Z","title":", year = 1980, publisher =","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1980},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":75,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.350585Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a5bd5fc2c93e4ce096dcc239a1bf85e9370e12a67c80137f27634877f0748269","observation_id":"64704d06-e6a9-4f26-8481-d3c1bcbcd099","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.350585Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1007/978-3-531-90400-9_95","metadata_source":"openalex","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T11:08:50.044864Z","title":"doi:10.1007/978-3-531-90400-9_95 , urldate =","venue":"VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften eBooks","work_id":"efccbb48-abd8-4218-a273-a118e62e2731","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":76,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.360073Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a501893012070b0ffe566a2feab06e3fa11d81cf625722fae090f907b15e2dc1","observation_id":"0dda8fac-2231-4b31-83c9-1bca3e2d84a1","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:56.729153Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.377144Z","title":"Reviving","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2010},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":77,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.377144Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ff3d3cbd4dfa4ee8ed7b210d4e488f8d5e4373945ce8f21e1a01d00cae33a138","observation_id":"3ffdd094-fa1c-4db1-94fe-92156b7065b9","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.377144Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1057/palgrave.cpt.9300287","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:56.655084Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"99d07870-0ab3-4113-93be-d070d7d71ada","year":2007},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":78,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.396044Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:5d2057c377f8f6c68adb0e239bdc4a0ab17834a2f7523b4a4c151ccfe1d30343","observation_id":"6b556b15-ffcd-4e8b-9145-3bc4a9173ac9","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:56.664919Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1007/s13347-024-00820-1","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:56.613677Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"58a90c80-b2e9-4d7c-af06-d9e82877a712","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":80,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.432241Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:0c253869a9ba147c916a75f563f7a6c7907b8a5417fed52567e117ad922e5be5","observation_id":"1ad04b5f-1fea-49e5-8286-7d10eeee3c9a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:56.645497Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"0811.2021","last_updated":"2008-11-13T02:39:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T03:56:24.059551Z","submitted_at":"2008-11-13T02:39:12Z","title":"Negative Generators of the Virasoro Constraints for the BKP Hierarchy","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"0811.2021","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.441818Z","title":"Alternative","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":81,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.441818Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/0811.2021","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f5e2dcebe4e60824872df901633bb2a7f1c84e0c89a50b6928b66408f155a392","observation_id":"b3e7c394-940e-4b1c-a5ea-67cb806236ff","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.441818Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2410.13378","last_updated":"2025-02-25T01:46:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T20:11:03.406201Z","submitted_at":"2024-10-17T09:29:35Z","title":"A modified Hegselmann-Krause model for interacting voters and political parties","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2410.13378","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2410.13378","metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"2410.13378","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:16:15.895014Z","title":"A modified Hegselmann-Krause model for interacting voters and political parties","venue":"physics.soc-ph","work_id":"4e84ea38-c88e-47c0-8420-a9f3e35f9c29","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":82,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.453540Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2410.13378","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1cc3b448097110752a9c5a267436eb84e53666acc9d57029539e75d7f0247fe8","observation_id":"d10a24cc-4e03-4dba-9f0d-29795a6237c2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:56.594748Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"metadata_mismatch"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.461643Z","title":"Deliberation and Polarization: A Multi-Disciplinary Review , shorttitle =","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":83,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.461643Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:38fc156af44a85e004275ff39f138a1014638b935bc6cfb3eb11530b25e0485f","observation_id":"6e461538-fb31-435a-ba68-a772cb694483","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.461643Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.470636Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2014},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":84,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.470636Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:20aca034c85373f3fd1b1c7a27166b602267debb498f74800d8a0a44d9ccc6d8","observation_id":"e1a3b238-f269-467d-987e-c37463789dad","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.470636Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1023/a:1010311704540","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:56.554663Z","title":"Rational","venue":null,"work_id":"198509fa-b848-4156-9ca0-8867fdd63eec","year":2001},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":85,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.489124Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c9587a1ad075cc650d68e459454d1d315204090a20d5bfca1888b0651d51458a","observation_id":"1093f939-6d27-4c6e-9d07-a6fc00ca9d3e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:56.559492Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.496137Z","title":"and Gross, Justin H","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2015},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":86,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.496137Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ff47bbb27fc903d6cc320b770d164d40a93948e21401ba9d383a342370373682","observation_id":"cfc682f6-5c57-406f-b445-293a4a1e1ada","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.496137Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.514726Z","title":"Democracies Divided: The Global Challenge of Political Polarization , shorttitle =","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":87,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.514726Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:66ba35d78f22265d3667c9206ff4adae0d2ff952d82ec8ec79376c2b03d673da","observation_id":"2a690daa-ba29-4047-822b-647738343e43","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.514726Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4832498","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:56.506977Z","title":"Collective","venue":null,"work_id":"cb45e6e5-a9db-4182-b5c1-be19ffc614df","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":88,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.520395Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1742b8dca7366589ace7dee983271a1861544c6903da32ef55d2b11accaf279a","observation_id":"db6cb3a8-5e0a-45e4-af68-971fd10c0eb4","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:56.521009Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.539534Z","title":"Empowering Minorities and Everyone in Participatory Budgeting: An Agent-Based Modelling Perspective , shorttitle =","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":90,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.539534Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c8abd800738d3ecf8f7a33e92327bc8ccb76cc1499806110c1cf1ac55fe068ba","observation_id":"3e9d3bed-bb47-47b9-909a-0e3aa5ee08ad","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.539534Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.549294Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":91,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.549294Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1ff89b3e1c90137372f376a337fbe58cc635750b0417ce7b59d7d608ed604b22","observation_id":"b67f70ea-7b01-46ad-a950-5ca426a40d8a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.549294Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-95469-6_2","metadata_source":"openalex","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T11:08:50.044864Z","title":null,"venue":"Radical theologies and philosophies","work_id":"0a970ece-d8b8-452f-b80d-47809f6ccfb2","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":92,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.555820Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:5090eddfa71a11fb1e4376f22b01bc84331fcb8c6f82c653ff17e5eba3ac98d8","observation_id":"465f4f16-658d-4fe0-b37f-ddf476751dd5","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:56.488630Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.572662Z","title":"Balancing","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2017},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":93,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.572662Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:797634d14f6e11a078c27fc4bdd80d7d351eb16e483e1d79b47d682ea60f1660","observation_id":"df6dde58-dbb2-417a-9dbe-40e2dc5edead","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.572662Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1017/cbo9781139178914.004","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:56.457214Z","title":"doi:10.1017/CBO9781139178914.004 , abstract =","venue":null,"work_id":"22a53fb4-f1e7-4cad-9000-7518c9f2ab92","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":94,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.586462Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:cf317d17c7e0e56d773668d0e68781539bb2f620f858faa541594e3a1de72757","observation_id":"789265e6-549d-40b0-8845-bfecd789adcd","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:56.465367Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1901.08553","last_updated":"2019-01-20T18:48:14Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T17:28:28.874779Z","submitted_at":"2019-01-20T18:48:14Z","title":"Data Interpolations in Deep Generative Models under Non-Simply-Connected Manifold Topology","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1901.08553","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.614431Z","title":"Deliberative","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2003},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":95,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.614431Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1901.08553","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:0bfd313a0f0bad287c20a653d21b06d97032da451a311d23bb466a987ed23a6e","observation_id":"8e522c70-9deb-46ac-a263-316eb18b61ee","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.614431Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.627975Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":96,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.627975Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:584b7128038bd123ef509ff6160f2978c047770bc95f94b01262c693bb29d863","observation_id":"66cfbc1a-91a1-4901-99c6-d821bf255a68","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.627975Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.652255Z","title":"Reasonable","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1996},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":98,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.652255Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a2a7cd3831cfdaa3a18f084fbb919e4bad9cf8f86a19f08d700bd86968262146","observation_id":"d98295e1-18e6-42ab-9c25-687b1ab4d0b2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.652255Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1007/s11158-023-09635-x","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:56.438769Z","title":", year = 2023, month = oct, journal =","venue":null,"work_id":"ef7ca168-ab57-458f-8482-982d867aac0e","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":99,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.676658Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:333f2c81eaa2760ace59abd72d1f7075c09394ecdcb5c17da0287627c685fbc6","observation_id":"05e90681-1d0a-4b02-8cef-81981f3ec67c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:56.448203Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2311.14740","last_updated":"2023-11-22T08:58:25Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T14:41:14.818442Z","submitted_at":"2023-11-22T08:58:25Z","title":"AutoKG: Efficient Automated Knowledge Graph Generation for Language Models","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2311.14740","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.690823Z","title":", year = 2023, month = nov, number =","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":100,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.690823Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2311.14740","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:5b097870218f73a4157f7e7cb717405b5ce98781f0d77f813ba162554b1c1dc2","observation_id":"7478cce6-1798-4a4f-ad21-fa77b560dca4","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.690823Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2402.16499","last_updated":"2024-02-26T11:31:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T08:17:26.652170Z","submitted_at":"2024-02-26T11:31:48Z","title":"LLMArena: Assessing Capabilities of Large Language Models in Dynamic Multi-Agent Environments","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2402.16499","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.724865Z","title":"doi:10.48550/arXiv.2402.16499 , urldate =","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":101,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.724865Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2402.16499","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:99ee803cc562c1bce6efa8094af26726343a4c087db6e4e47997b57509406625","observation_id":"c769e283-671e-40d9-afe9-3cb12ec7b7c0","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.724865Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.21509","last_updated":"2025-09-05T07:44:31Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T18:18:57.742267Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-29T05:20:14Z","title":"Persona Vectors: Monitoring and Controlling Character Traits in Language Models","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2507.21509","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.743068Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":102,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.743068Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2507.21509","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9acab528e02c40a0054b85589410532e13b9b0ef0c6675f09918997606787073","observation_id":"989a8f42-7b18-4814-a006-afbb1fc03e93","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.743068Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2604.08362","last_updated":"2026-05-21T16:20:11Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T08:32:48.875360Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-09T15:26:21Z","title":"Towards Real-world Human Behavior Simulation: Benchmarking Large Language Models on Long-horizon, Cross-scenario, Heterogeneous Behavior Traces","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2604.08362","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.759724Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2026},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":103,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.759724Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2604.08362","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1b58c42448ea89c93859421deacd745e95791740acc75e575279faff3ef157a1","observation_id":"853de5c2-7d2a-4e0f-80e8-05a52464a7e0","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.759724Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2510.16380","last_updated":"2026-06-10T21:26:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T22:31:22.515020Z","submitted_at":"2025-10-18T07:34:31Z","title":"MoReBench: Evaluating Procedural and Pluralistic Moral Reasoning in Language Models, More than Outcomes","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2510.16380","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.780240Z","title":"and Calcott, Rachel and Handoko, Brandon and de","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":104,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.780240Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2510.16380","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:abedfe3d1bbcaa503de04b4183a7694733e5cc8caa4f98f74058228d2f7d1fe5","observation_id":"c9df9163-2b8b-491d-8a36-7ee8c56cb322","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.780240Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.787702Z","title":"Examining","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":105,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.787702Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e35576f983fe89f316f5d9a515fc9bc31350453b40560d078a9ce6a57c831dab","observation_id":"71faead3-620c-4795-aaac-c1985cafe6c3","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.787702Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.00804","last_updated":"2025-02-17T03:11:38Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T15:30:15.877083Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-01T13:19:32Z","title":"Examining Identity Drift in Conversations of LLM Agents","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2412.00804","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.792949Z","title":"Examining","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":106,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.792949Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2412.00804","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:75ac9c90df14b716f6c47a32c655529c9695fa3f8ab05924174d09959a230ee3","observation_id":"8d2c5760-3502-427b-98ee-fce9045f9f4a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.792949Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2510.25110","last_updated":"2026-05-28T20:58:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T21:14:51.021406Z","submitted_at":"2025-10-29T02:21:10Z","title":"DEBATE: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Evaluating Opinion Dynamics in Role-Playing LLM Agents","version":6},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2510.25110","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.800853Z","title":", year = 2025, month = oct, number =","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":107,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.800853Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2510.25110","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b4b6f37b396b3fd89b94b4ff9de10e5897c7c8765a9e4882c1ebc90b2199a927","observation_id":"462871d5-485f-43be-8dc9-503a40a2e3bf","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.800853Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.808082Z","title":"doi:10.1007/978-3-031-63536-6 , urldate =","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse","version":1},"reference_index":108,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.808082Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.10186"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c0861f6587f3e79e0e92907e28e75ac5b5b5b318a16ec9a8819d42d53344b72f","observation_id":"091f51e8-b5b7-4896-938d-48b00df950b8","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:18:08.808082Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}}],"paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.10186","last_updated":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","latest_version":1,"primary_category":"cs.MA","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T06:12:40.658364Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-10T19:57:19Z","title":"The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse"},"reference_resolution":{"displayed":100,"state_counts":{"malformed_identifier":0,"metadata_mismatch":2,"parse_uncertain":0,"unresolved":64,"verified_exact":34,"verified_fuzzy":0},"total_outbound_references":288},"refusal":"A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.","schema":"pith.paper-citation-record.v1","standing_sources":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"thesis":"As of 18 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 100 of 288 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2608.10186."}