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Constraints on anomalous Higgs boson couplings to vector bosons and fermions using the $\gamma\gamma$ final state in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV

T0 review · 0 major / 2 minor · reviewed 2026-05-15 · grok-4.3

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Pith's one-line read Updated constraints from the full Run 2 dataset show no evidence for anomalous Higgs couplings in gluon fusion, vector boson fusion, and associated production modes decaying to two photons.

desk verdict CMS reports updated constraints on anomalous Higgs couplings from the full Run 2 diphoton data, consistent with the Standard Model. read the letter →

arxiv 2605.14245 v1 pith:KOITDP7P submitted 2026-05-14 hep-ex

CMS Collaboration This is my paper · ORCID
classification hep-ex
keywords bosonhiggscouplingsvectoranomalousbosonscandidateselectroweak
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

Physicists at CMS looked at Higgs bosons decaying into two photons using the entire 2016-2018 dataset. They sorted collision events into categories based on how the Higgs was produced: through gluon fusion, vector boson fusion, or together with a W or Z boson. Matrix element methods and machine learning discriminants helped separate signal from background. The analysis checked the CP properties of the Higgs-gluon coupling and the tensor structure of its interactions with electroweak bosons. No deviations from standard model predictions were observed in the fractional contributions of anomalous couplings to the production cross sections.
Extended reading notes

Core claim

The results are interpreted in terms of the fractional contributions of anomalous Higgs boson couplings to the total production cross section of each process and are found to be consistent with the standard model expectations.

Load-bearing premise

The matrix element techniques and multivariate discriminants correctly categorize events and separate signal from background without significant bias from unmodeled effects.

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A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

0 major / 2 minor

Summary. The manuscript reports constraints on anomalous Higgs boson couplings to vector bosons and fermions using the diphoton decay channel in 138 fb^{-1} of 13 TeV proton-proton collision data collected by CMS. Events are categorized into gluon-fusion, vector-boson-fusion, and associated-production modes via matrix-element techniques and multivariate discriminants; the CP properties of the gluon couplings and the tensor structure of the electroweak couplings are examined. Results are presented as fractional contributions of anomalous couplings to each production cross section and found consistent with Standard Model expectations.

Significance. If the central results hold, the work supplies competitive, data-driven limits on dimension-6 operator contributions to Higgs production, exploiting the clean diphoton final state and a large dataset. The combination of matrix-element discriminants, BDT categorization, and a binned likelihood fit to the diphoton mass plus discriminant outputs constitutes a standard yet robust EFT-style analysis whose consistency checks (closure tests, control-region validation) support the reported SM agreement.

minor comments (2)
  1. [Abstract] The abstract states consistency with SM expectations but omits any quantitative indication of the fit uncertainties or the dominant systematic sources; adding a single sentence summarizing the leading uncertainties would improve readability without altering the technical content.
  2. [Signal modeling] Section describing the signal reweighting procedure should explicitly state the range of anomalous coupling values used to generate the templates and confirm that the reweighting preserves the normalization of the SM component.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

0 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the careful reading and positive assessment of the manuscript. The analysis provides updated constraints on anomalous Higgs boson couplings to vector bosons and fermions in the diphoton channel using the full Run 2 dataset of 138 fb^{-1}. The results remain consistent with Standard Model expectations across gluon-fusion, vector-boson-fusion, and associated-production modes. No major comments were raised in the report.

Assumptions & free parameters 0 free parameters · 1 assumptions · 0 invented entities

The analysis assumes standard model background shapes and signal templates from simulation, with no new free parameters or invented entities introduced beyond the coupling fractions being constrained.

assumptions (1)
  • domain assumption Standard model predictions for Higgs production cross sections and decay branching ratios are accurate enough for background subtraction and signal modeling.
    Invoked implicitly in event categorization and interpretation of fractional contributions.

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Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of Constraints on anomalous Higgs boson couplings to vector bosons and fermions using the $\gamma\gamma$ final state in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/KOITDP7P

@misc{pith2026260514245,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: Constraints on anomalous Higgs boson couplings to vector bosons and fermions using the $\gamma\gamma$ final state in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrts$ = 13 TeV},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/KOITDP7P}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2605.14245}
}
abstract

Possible anomalous couplings of the Higgs boson to vector bosons and fermions are studied using Higgs boson candidates decaying to a pair of photons. The study is based on proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV collected by the CMS experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$^{-1}$. Events with Higgs boson candidates produced via gluon fusion, electroweak vector boson fusion and in association with a vector boson, are categorized using matrix element techniques and multivariate discriminants. The $CP$ properties of the Higgs boson couplings to gluons through loops of heavy particles, as well as the tensor structure of its interactions with two electroweak bosons, are investigated. The results are interpreted in terms of the fractional contributions of anomalous Higgs boson couplings to the total production cross section of each process and are found to be consistent with the standard model expectations.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2605.14245 by the authors.

Figure 1
Figure 1. LO SM Feynman diagrams for the (a) ggH, (b) VBF, and (c) VH production processes, [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Leading-order SM Feynman diagrams for the process in which a Higgs boson decay [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Topologies of the H production and decay, useful for the measurement of HVV cou [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p012_3.png] view at source ↗
Figures from the paper (11 more)
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: Distribution of the DVBF NNBSM (left) and DVBF 0− (right) discriminant for the SM VBF signal and for four anomalous coupling hypotheses, shown together with the main resonant back￾ground (SM ggH production), and the continuum diphoton background. The distributions are …
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: Distributions of the DVBF NNBSM (left) and DVBF 0− (right) outputs for simulation (blue filled histograms, normalized to the data integral) and Drell-Yan data events (black markers). The corresponding ratio plots are shown in the bottom panels. The systematic uncertain…
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: Output scores for the VH leptonic BDTs, D WHlep BSM (upper left), D ZHlep BSM (upper right), D VHMET BSM (lower) trained to separate the SM H signal from CP-odd (fa3 = 1) sample. The statis￾tical uncertainty in the data points is denoted as vertical bars and that on th…
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: Signal and background distributions for the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p022_7.png]
Figure 8
Figure 8. Figure 8: Definition of the Hgg analysis categories defined in bins of [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p023_8.png]
Figure 9
Figure 9. Figure 9: Examples of fits to the mγγ distribution for SM signal samples with mH = 125 GeV are shown for the luminosity-weighted average of the four data-taking periods, in two categories targeting VBF process, one dominated by SM-like (left) events and the other by BSM-like (ri…
Figure 10
Figure 10. Figure 10: Likelihood scan for the expected and observed constraints of the HVV anomalous [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p028_10.png]
Figure 11
Figure 11. Figure 11: Invariant mass distributions are presented separately for categories optimized for [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p029_11.png]
Figure 12
Figure 12. Figure 12: Distribution of events weighted by S/(S+B), using bins optimized for the VBF [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p031_12.png]
Figure 13
Figure 13. Figure 13: Data points (black) and signal-plus-background model fit for the sum of all the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p032_13.png]
Figure 14
Figure 14. Figure 14: Likelihood profile for the expected and observed constraints on [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p032_14.png]

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