A μ-ordinary Hasse invariant

We construct a generalization of the Hasse invariant for certain unitary Shimura varieties of PEL type whose vanishing locus is the complement of the so-called \mu-ordinary locus. We show that the \mu-ordinary locus of those varieties is affine. As an application, we strengthen a special case of a theorem of one of us (W.G.) on the association of Galois representations to automorphic representations of unitary groups whose archimedean component is a holomorphic limit of discrete series.