Superfluid analogies of cosmological phenomena

G.E. Volovik

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Superfluid analogies of cosmological phenomena

G.E. Volovik

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Submitted 21 May 2000

abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim Stability analysis of ground state beyond effective theory leads to exact nullification of vacuum energy: equilibrium vacuum is not gravitating.

how it is stated · asserted 1.00 read the record →

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The paper's own sentences, arranged. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

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Compiled by classifier-1.13-20260917 via OpenRouter, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 4,661 input tokens, $0.0002 reported.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.04 · states limitation 0.25 · human participants 0.02 · controlled comparison 0.02 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.45 · compares with prior results 0.18 · mentions code or data availability 0.01.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v3. Results and the main claim are underlined; show every role.

Superfluid 3He-A gives example of how chirality, Weyl fermions, gauge fields and gravity appear in low energy corner together with corresponding symmetries, including Lorentz symmetry and local SU(N). This supports idea that quantum field theory (Standard Model or GUT) is effective theory describing low-energy phenomena. * Momentum space topology of fermionic vacuum provides topological stability of universality class of systems, where above properties appear. * BCS scheme for 3He-A incorporates both ``relativistic'' infrared regime and ultraviolet ``transplanckian'' range: subtle issues of cut-off in quantum field theory and anomalies can be resolved on physical grounds. This allows to separate ``renormalizable'' terms in action, treated by effective theory, from those obtained only in ``transPlanckian'' physics. * Energy density of superfluid vacuum within effective theory is ~ E_{Planck}^4. Stability analysis of ground state beyond effective theory leads to exact nullification of vacuum energy: equilibrium vacuum is not gravitating. In nonequilibrium, vacuum energy is of order energy density of matter. * 3He-A provides experimental prove for anomalous nucleation of fermionic charge according to Adler-Bell-Jackiw. * Helical instability in 3He-A is described by the same equations as formation of magnetic field by right electrons in Joyce-Shaposhnikov scenario. * Macroscopic parity violating effect and angular momentum paradox are both desribed by axial gravitational Chern-Simons action. * High energy dispersion of quasiparticle spectrum allow to treat problems of vacuum in presence of event horizon, etc.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#	sentence	role	the authors' own work	states the main conclusion	strength
s0	Superfluid 3He-A gives example of how chirality, Weyl fermions, gauge fields and gravity appear in low energy corner together with corresponding symmetries, including Lorentz symmetry and local SU(N).	contribution 0.49	0.26	0.23	asserted 0.99
s1	This supports idea that quantum field theory (Standard Model or GUT) is effective theory describing low-energy phenomena. * Momentum space topology of fermionic vacuum provides topological stability of universality class of systems, where above properties appear. * BCS scheme for 3He-A incorporates both ``relativistic'' infrared regime and ultraviolet ``transplanckian'' range: subtle issues of cut-off in quantum field theory and anomalies can be resolved on physical grounds.	interpretation 0.98	0.26	0.21	asserted 0.54
s2	This allows to separate ``renormalizable'' terms in action, treated by effective theory, from those obtained only in ``transPlanckian'' physics. * Energy density of superfluid vacuum within effective theory is ~ E_{Planck}^4.	interpretation 0.62	0.49	0.09	asserted 0.96
s3	Stability analysis of ground state beyond effective theory leads to exact nullification of vacuum energy: equilibrium vacuum is not gravitating.	result 0.97	0.73	0.36	asserted 1.00
s4	In nonequilibrium, vacuum energy is of order energy density of matter. * 3He-A provides experimental prove for anomalous nucleation of fermionic charge according to Adler-Bell-Jackiw. * Helical instability in 3He-A is described by the same equations as formation of magnetic field by right electrons in Joyce-Shaposhnikov scenario. * Macroscopic parity violating effect and angular momentum paradox are both desribed by axial gravitational Chern-Simons action. * High energy dispersion of quasiparticle spectrum allow to treat problems of vacuum in presence of event horizon, etc.	result 0.80	0.56	0.13	asserted 1.00

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: theoretical result 0.84 · evidence from argument 0.81.

What was examined, and what was not

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arXiv listing abstract v3

not examined

full text
figures and tables
references and citing sentences
relations to other papers

levels run

P abstract

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S sections
T body sentences
C citations
R cross-paper relations

Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

The paper

Original abstract

Superfluid 3He-A gives example of how chirality, Weyl fermions, gauge fields and gravity appear in low energy corner together with corresponding symmetries, including Lorentz symmetry and local SU(N). This supports idea that quantum field theory (Standard Model or GUT) is effective theory describing low-energy phenomena. * Momentum space topology of fermionic vacuum provides topological stability of universality class of systems, where above properties appear. * BCS scheme for 3He-A incorporates both ``relativistic'' infrared regime and ultraviolet ``transplanckian'' range: subtle issues of cut-off in quantum field theory and anomalies can be resolved on physical grounds. This allows to separate ``renormalizable'' terms in action, treated by effective theory, from those obtained only in ``transPlanckian'' physics. * Energy density of superfluid vacuum within effective theory is ~ E_{Planck}^4. Stability analysis of ground state beyond effective theory leads to exact nullification of vacuum energy: equilibrium vacuum is not gravitating. In nonequilibrium, vacuum energy is of order energy density of matter. * 3He-A provides experimental prove for anomalous nucleation of fermionic charge according to Adler-Bell-Jackiw. * Helical instability in 3He-A is described by the same equations as formation of magnetic field by right electrons in Joyce-Shaposhnikov scenario. * Macroscopic parity violating effect and angular momentum paradox are both desribed by axial gravitational Chern-Simons action. * High energy dispersion of quasiparticle spectrum allow to treat problems of vacuum in presence of event horizon, etc.

Human review

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References

Forward citations

Cited by 5 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

Contribution of the chiral vortical effect to the evolution of the hypermagnetic field and the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the early Universe
hep-ph 2019-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

A nonzero primordial vorticity seeds a hypermagnetic field from zero in the symmetric phase; the chiral magnetic effect then amplifies it and converts lepton into baryon asymmetry.
Lorentz violation at high energy: concepts, phenomena and astrophysical constraints
astro-ph 2005-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Helicity-resolved effective-field-theory bookkeeping tightens some and weakens other astrophysical bounds on Planck-suppressed Lorentz violation, with photon decay in 50 TeV Crab gamma rays giving |eta| below about 0.2.
Smart Holes: Analogue black holes with the right temperature and entropy
hep-th 2024-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

The entropy of a tilted Dirac cone material, integrated across a spatially varying tilt, grows linearly with temperature behind the analogue horizon and can be mapped to BTZ black hole entropy.
Everything You Always Wanted To Know About The Cosmological Constant Problem (But Were Afraid To Ask)
astro-ph.CO 2012-05 accept novelty 3.0 of 10

Using Lorentz-invariant dimensional regularization, the Standard Model vacuum energy is about 10^8 GeV^4, roughly 54 orders above the critical density, not the 122 orders usually quoted from a sharp cutoff.
The group field theory approach to quantum gravity
gr-qc 2006-07 accept novelty 3.0 of 10

Group field theory recasts quantum gravity as an ordinary quantum field theory whose Feynman diagrams are discrete spacetimes, making spatial topology dynamical rather than fixed.

How the literature uses it

27 arXiv papers cite this in 38 sentences

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Papers citing it · 26 sentences without a confident label

Uses its method or tool 1 paper

Let us now study our system in terms of the collective variables $n(p)$ which is the density of quasi-particles and $v⃗$ the velocity of the fluid [ref] , we define, according to Volovik citevolo , the distribution of quasiparticles in thermal equilibrium at a temperature $T$ [equation] where $+$ represents fermion and $-$ represents Boson.

Relativistic Hydrodynamics a brief review of classical and quantum fluids in relativistic astrophysics · Building collective variables for the components $j⃗_s$ and $j⃗_n$ · 0.82

Cites it as support 1 paper

All ingredients of the Standard Model, such as chiral fermions, Lorentz symmetry, gauge invariance, chiral anomaly, have their counterparts as emergent phenomena in condensed matter physics [ref] .

Breaking the light speed barrier · Elvisebrions · 0.98

Cites it as background 10 papers

A deeper interweaving between condensed matter and gravitational theories has already proven to be a powerful tool for inspecting many aspects of fundamental physics [ref] , while also providing new insights into related unresolved issues [ see for example `analogue gravity' techniques exploiting a bottom-up formulation for condensed matter systems featuring analogues of gravitational effects [ref] , or top-down holographic approaches, where a substrate description comes from the geometric formulation of a suitable gravitational model [ref] . ].

Superconductor in static gravitational, electric and magnetic fields with vortex lattice · Concluding remarks · 0.83
The notion of emergent gravity is quite general and it has been used in several different contexts [ref] .

Emergence of a Dark Force in Corpuscular Gravity · Introduction · 0.99
Neutrino superfluid has many interesting applications in cosmological and astrophysical phenomena, and include the formation of neutrino vortices, exotic neutrino superfluid boson stars, gravitational waves etc., which have been extensively investigated in a wide literature — see e.g. Refs. [ref] .

Dark Energy and Neutrino Superfluids · Neutrino Condensation · 0.95

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