{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:22D5YV7J26SXJ4AD2TTHVU4B5E","short_pith_number":"pith:22D5YV7J","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1406.5360","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2014-06-20T12:04:49Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"9203f868b65619f5b05f71bea9a80866007a844f435de9c31da01b6c23538ecf","abstract_canon_sha256":"c65597b520f7feaa67eace291d087e3e278e24420d35dec974053742caec6ea9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d687dc57e9d7a574f003d4e67ad381e9376b7dfad3ad27ba70358162ef03903f","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1406.5360","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1406.5360","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:04:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1406.5360v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:04:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1406.5360","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:04:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"22D5YV7J26SX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"22D5YV7J26SXJ4AD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"22D5YV7J","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:09Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:22D5YV7J26SXJ4AD2TTHVU4B5E","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1406.5360","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2014-06-20T12:04:49Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"9203f868b65619f5b05f71bea9a80866007a844f435de9c31da01b6c23538ecf","abstract_canon_sha256":"c65597b520f7feaa67eace291d087e3e278e24420d35dec974053742caec6ea9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d687dc57e9d7a574f003d4e67ad381e9376b7dfad3ad27ba70358162ef03903f","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:04:11.121017Z","signature_b64":"hbLtvwbB3vMJ1A+np9Zm3pZ7Pwir6ipMYa6kTu2T3BO3SrGh9wtBY2DrYfsUgz4atMM6XdnvzEH4uwKiVLczBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d687dc57e9d7a574f003d4e67ad381e9376b7dfad3ad27ba70358162ef03903f","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:04:11.120156Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:04:11.120156Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1406.5360","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:04:11Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0CE8R2VG9sEsB6+xaWqwWXV4MgW4AD6Jb/219BWAbYX2bsGqQoduCeYwi5b8yn+43HWmRcPdGtWlL47pKRttBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T07:33:27.868670Z"},"content_sha256":"dd1c321b02baf7ad489c16bfd285f0cb1a1ea19908d15769bfe750f8141ed647","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:dd1c321b02baf7ad489c16bfd285f0cb1a1ea19908d15769bfe750f8141ed647"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:22D5YV7J26SXJ4AD2TTHVU4B5E","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A Shell Model for Buoyancy-Driven Turbulence","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","authors_text":"Abhishek Kumar, Mahendra K. Verma","submitted_at":"2014-06-20T12:04:49Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this paper we present a unified shell model for stably stratified and convective turbulence. Numerical simulation of this model for stably stratified flow shows Bolgiano-Obukhbov scaling in which the kinetic energy spectrum varies as $k^{-11/5}$. We also observe a dual scaling ($k^{-11/5}$ and $k^{-5/3}$) for a limited range of parameters. The shell model of convective turbulence yields Kolmogorov's spectrum. These results are consistent with the energy flux and energy feed due to buoyancy, and are in good agreement with direct numerical simulations of Kumar {\\em et al.} [Phys. Rev. E {\\bf "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1406.5360","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:04:11Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"GAarossqsPOM9VYhlWlKcHDCUFUSnhSus450wF8tg9+JONLfpg2o38wsRkDte25ANpQosa7TujWv83eSuoXNDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T07:33:27.869012Z"},"content_sha256":"e20b223538724628493bd86991d12b7789db31f52be38ab8eaaa5e19d1f095b3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e20b223538724628493bd86991d12b7789db31f52be38ab8eaaa5e19d1f095b3"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/22D5YV7J26SXJ4AD2TTHVU4B5E/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/22D5YV7J26SXJ4AD2TTHVU4B5E/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/22D5YV7J26SXJ4AD2TTHVU4B5E/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-01T07:33:27Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/22D5YV7J26SXJ4AD2TTHVU4B5E","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/22D5YV7J26SXJ4AD2TTHVU4B5E/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/22D5YV7J26SXJ4AD2TTHVU4B5E/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/22D5YV7J26SXJ4AD2TTHVU4B5E/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:22D5YV7J26SXJ4AD2TTHVU4B5E","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c65597b520f7feaa67eace291d087e3e278e24420d35dec974053742caec6ea9","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2014-06-20T12:04:49Z","title_canon_sha256":"9203f868b65619f5b05f71bea9a80866007a844f435de9c31da01b6c23538ecf"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1406.5360","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1406.5360","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:04:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1406.5360v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:04:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1406.5360","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:04:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"22D5YV7J26SX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"22D5YV7J26SXJ4AD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"22D5YV7J","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:09Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e20b223538724628493bd86991d12b7789db31f52be38ab8eaaa5e19d1f095b3","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:04:11Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In this paper we present a unified shell model for stably stratified and convective turbulence. Numerical simulation of this model for stably stratified flow shows Bolgiano-Obukhbov scaling in which the kinetic energy spectrum varies as $k^{-11/5}$. We also observe a dual scaling ($k^{-11/5}$ and $k^{-5/3}$) for a limited range of parameters. The shell model of convective turbulence yields Kolmogorov's spectrum. These results are consistent with the energy flux and energy feed due to buoyancy, and are in good agreement with direct numerical simulations of Kumar {\\em et al.} [Phys. Rev. E {\\bf ","authors_text":"Abhishek Kumar, Mahendra K. Verma","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2014-06-20T12:04:49Z","title":"A Shell Model for Buoyancy-Driven Turbulence"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1406.5360","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:dd1c321b02baf7ad489c16bfd285f0cb1a1ea19908d15769bfe750f8141ed647","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:04:11Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c65597b520f7feaa67eace291d087e3e278e24420d35dec974053742caec6ea9","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2014-06-20T12:04:49Z","title_canon_sha256":"9203f868b65619f5b05f71bea9a80866007a844f435de9c31da01b6c23538ecf"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1406.5360","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"d687dc57e9d7a574f003d4e67ad381e9376b7dfad3ad27ba70358162ef03903f","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d687dc57e9d7a574f003d4e67ad381e9376b7dfad3ad27ba70358162ef03903f","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:04:11.120156Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:04:11.120156Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"hbLtvwbB3vMJ1A+np9Zm3pZ7Pwir6ipMYa6kTu2T3BO3SrGh9wtBY2DrYfsUgz4atMM6XdnvzEH4uwKiVLczBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:04:11.121017Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1406.5360","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:dd1c321b02baf7ad489c16bfd285f0cb1a1ea19908d15769bfe750f8141ed647","sha256:e20b223538724628493bd86991d12b7789db31f52be38ab8eaaa5e19d1f095b3"],"state_sha256":"ad428d003993b18d583adfe313645ebc388a7bf83b5f844a73e95c425ef1265c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"UzJxqwhi8ZmVxCM3wrgZLy/8DVInnOIQjTdq4vmFaY43MHEjVtkZ03w7rZi6fqm423WCXrSkTo0Vzwft1NjVBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T07:33:27.870921Z","bundle_sha256":"d524b07656d29d158b684d38a2763d163efd9192ed0da4528ce140202489b52d"}}