{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:23BQ5LPQ6Z3SSTUJNYTRKPL7YH","short_pith_number":"pith:23BQ5LPQ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2312.09601","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2023-12-15T08:32:28Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL","cs.LG","cs.SE"],"title_canon_sha256":"d756ff81a8e75b876297ac0a71fbec355b8341e9ceb84bda184ef68ad8d6fb18","abstract_canon_sha256":"2006f0baea40e8f234f3cc83a93089e11c889bc424b6e087d4127a9162f3ad4d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d6c30eadf0f677294e896e27153d7fc1ea0c160176cb1610f44994918c5516ce","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2312.09601","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2312.09601","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:24:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2312.09601v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:24:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2312.09601","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:24:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"23BQ5LPQ6Z3S","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:24:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"23BQ5LPQ6Z3SSTUJ","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:24:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"23BQ5LPQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:24:27Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:23BQ5LPQ6Z3SSTUJNYTRKPL7YH","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2312.09601","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2023-12-15T08:32:28Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL","cs.LG","cs.SE"],"title_canon_sha256":"d756ff81a8e75b876297ac0a71fbec355b8341e9ceb84bda184ef68ad8d6fb18","abstract_canon_sha256":"2006f0baea40e8f234f3cc83a93089e11c889bc424b6e087d4127a9162f3ad4d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d6c30eadf0f677294e896e27153d7fc1ea0c160176cb1610f44994918c5516ce","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:24:27.908814Z","signature_b64":"4LgebNSoit29ElUupFQyMfknnPZgDSZp5kxglFA7cB2rAi/V1ulNDh0Xl8VT/dZkKLN4ICBGyRSpX+bTCTcbAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d6c30eadf0f677294e896e27153d7fc1ea0c160176cb1610f44994918c5516ce","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:24:27.908352Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:24:27.908352Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2312.09601","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:24:27Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"wpN/+UDSiBQ+2/iqD/+I3q4ISK8F2mPxmclKYhMnqyPf8nECyXsqnb0sxfjAF7bzpk8Pi9NlZDs8Ew1UETDTCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T04:55:26.005793Z"},"content_sha256":"c1a40eeab1b154eceed91482551a933fcd2a91b55d35fb03807ab2c0e12192b7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c1a40eeab1b154eceed91482551a933fcd2a91b55d35fb03807ab2c0e12192b7"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:23BQ5LPQ6Z3SSTUJNYTRKPL7YH","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Binary Code Summarization: Benchmarking ChatGPT/GPT-4 and Other Large Language Models","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CL","cs.LG","cs.SE"],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Jonathan Larson, Weiwei Yang, Xin Jin, Zhiqiang Lin","submitted_at":"2023-12-15T08:32:28Z","abstract_excerpt":"Binary code summarization, while invaluable for understanding code semantics, is challenging due to its labor-intensive nature. This study delves into the potential of large language models (LLMs) for binary code comprehension. To this end, we present BinSum, a comprehensive benchmark and dataset of over 557K binary functions and introduce a novel method for prompt synthesis and optimization. To more accurately gauge LLM performance, we also propose a new semantic similarity metric that surpasses traditional exact-match approaches. Our extensive evaluation of prominent LLMs, including ChatGPT,"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2312.09601","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2312.09601/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:24:27Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"p4CTGA9SuVfLjjD1KIPB6OMx9SPIjCIIgwTqezJR9v1Qo+yMO9CRIlMckqWho5RVtjslmAjpZNsKi1mWHsYDDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T04:55:26.006642Z"},"content_sha256":"ed7a89237b5ceab9087ac1feb928a969da004ae1d16af6c820a3437c4321a497","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ed7a89237b5ceab9087ac1feb928a969da004ae1d16af6c820a3437c4321a497"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/23BQ5LPQ6Z3SSTUJNYTRKPL7YH/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/23BQ5LPQ6Z3SSTUJNYTRKPL7YH/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/23BQ5LPQ6Z3SSTUJNYTRKPL7YH/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-04T04:55:26Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/23BQ5LPQ6Z3SSTUJNYTRKPL7YH","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/23BQ5LPQ6Z3SSTUJNYTRKPL7YH/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/23BQ5LPQ6Z3SSTUJNYTRKPL7YH/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/23BQ5LPQ6Z3SSTUJNYTRKPL7YH/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:23BQ5LPQ6Z3SSTUJNYTRKPL7YH","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2006f0baea40e8f234f3cc83a93089e11c889bc424b6e087d4127a9162f3ad4d","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL","cs.LG","cs.SE"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2023-12-15T08:32:28Z","title_canon_sha256":"d756ff81a8e75b876297ac0a71fbec355b8341e9ceb84bda184ef68ad8d6fb18"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2312.09601","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2312.09601","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:24:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2312.09601v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:24:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2312.09601","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:24:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"23BQ5LPQ6Z3S","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:24:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"23BQ5LPQ6Z3SSTUJ","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:24:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"23BQ5LPQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:24:27Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ed7a89237b5ceab9087ac1feb928a969da004ae1d16af6c820a3437c4321a497","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:24:27Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2312.09601/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Binary code summarization, while invaluable for understanding code semantics, is challenging due to its labor-intensive nature. This study delves into the potential of large language models (LLMs) for binary code comprehension. To this end, we present BinSum, a comprehensive benchmark and dataset of over 557K binary functions and introduce a novel method for prompt synthesis and optimization. To more accurately gauge LLM performance, we also propose a new semantic similarity metric that surpasses traditional exact-match approaches. Our extensive evaluation of prominent LLMs, including ChatGPT,","authors_text":"Jonathan Larson, Weiwei Yang, Xin Jin, Zhiqiang Lin","cross_cats":["cs.CL","cs.LG","cs.SE"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2023-12-15T08:32:28Z","title":"Binary Code Summarization: Benchmarking ChatGPT/GPT-4 and Other Large Language Models"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2312.09601","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:c1a40eeab1b154eceed91482551a933fcd2a91b55d35fb03807ab2c0e12192b7","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:24:27Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2006f0baea40e8f234f3cc83a93089e11c889bc424b6e087d4127a9162f3ad4d","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL","cs.LG","cs.SE"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2023-12-15T08:32:28Z","title_canon_sha256":"d756ff81a8e75b876297ac0a71fbec355b8341e9ceb84bda184ef68ad8d6fb18"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2312.09601","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"d6c30eadf0f677294e896e27153d7fc1ea0c160176cb1610f44994918c5516ce","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d6c30eadf0f677294e896e27153d7fc1ea0c160176cb1610f44994918c5516ce","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:24:27.908352Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:24:27.908352Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"4LgebNSoit29ElUupFQyMfknnPZgDSZp5kxglFA7cB2rAi/V1ulNDh0Xl8VT/dZkKLN4ICBGyRSpX+bTCTcbAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:24:27.908814Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2312.09601","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:c1a40eeab1b154eceed91482551a933fcd2a91b55d35fb03807ab2c0e12192b7","sha256:ed7a89237b5ceab9087ac1feb928a969da004ae1d16af6c820a3437c4321a497"],"state_sha256":"c959592a2ab92895ddfd402cdc4a2b51a393292c4b20a49a1280db616eadf0cd"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"fTA/XA5Rct9i96v8MFtsKsT0hQECA50Sxqv4eiC67CuZ09JMwucCIsKDgJK/WPXGbLKa25cVdBeleJkWfdPnBA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T04:55:26.013477Z","bundle_sha256":"f4be280b92cb83d6ffaf7e2bb5de618e1708889dffaa41ce86f9c3bd9093e85b"}}