{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1998:23NX3MAUQTNSHJV7BTW6YUN6QL","short_pith_number":"pith:23NX3MAU","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"hep-ph/9809334","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"1998-09-11T07:36:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat","hep-lat"],"title_canon_sha256":"b125874a24093d9ecdc301a6b7baa9c9ce228c008e1699bd85f1e36d368dea69","abstract_canon_sha256":"f82d2411fb7b471a0d47170d31b6c693fac22478fae7e8936287e97a3e5984a2"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d6db7db01484db23a6bf0cedec51be82dcf600ee9ca3d623a64af1e0332ac2d8","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"hep-ph/9809334","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"hep-ph/9809334","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"hep-ph/9809334v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.hep-ph/9809334","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"23NX3MAUQTNS","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"23NX3MAUQTNSHJV7","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"23NX3MAU","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:24Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:1998:23NX3MAUQTNSHJV7BTW6YUN6QL","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"hep-ph/9809334","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"1998-09-11T07:36:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat","hep-lat"],"title_canon_sha256":"b125874a24093d9ecdc301a6b7baa9c9ce228c008e1699bd85f1e36d368dea69","abstract_canon_sha256":"f82d2411fb7b471a0d47170d31b6c693fac22478fae7e8936287e97a3e5984a2"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d6db7db01484db23a6bf0cedec51be82dcf600ee9ca3d623a64af1e0332ac2d8","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:24.457204Z","signature_b64":"JXC6c6wPSoNVDlt9PgimYDQtw7kZGxwgs89yb7z6/31+sWgH2i8FOZzmcktoPg5MH+SShW/zAIFVLyWimkvLBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d6db7db01484db23a6bf0cedec51be82dcf600ee9ca3d623a64af1e0332ac2d8","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:24.456810Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:24.456810Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"hep-ph/9809334","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:24Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"mmngaH3GZcEQYChjDYLvohLLxgsl7lpXgAMTmPNw1OTvhbs4lfsGcziQjCKIVMXJb0BvP22mX+Y033qyoGNbAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T04:06:06.263699Z"},"content_sha256":"5749490be273568a6320ad3553dac1997176bd82a5fc425c96c6c5ff3362ea8a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5749490be273568a6320ad3553dac1997176bd82a5fc425c96c6c5ff3362ea8a"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:1998:23NX3MAUQTNSHJV7BTW6YUN6QL","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Vortex tension as an order parameter in three-dimensional U(1)+Higgs theory","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat","hep-lat"],"primary_cat":"hep-ph","authors_text":"A. Rajantie, J. Peisa, K. Kajantie, K. Rummukainen, M. Laine, T. Neuhaus","submitted_at":"1998-09-11T07:36:15Z","abstract_excerpt":"We use lattice Monte Carlo simulations to study non-perturbatively the tension, i.e. the free energy per unit length, of an infinitely long vortex in the three-dimensional U(1)+Higgs theory. This theory is the low-energy effective theory of high-temperature scalar electrodynamics, the standard framework for cosmic string studies. The vortex tension is measured as a function of the mass parameter at a large value of the Higgs self-coupling, where the transition between the phases is continuous. It is shown that the tension gives an order parameter that can distinguish between the two phases of "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"hep-ph/9809334","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/hep-ph/9809334/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:24Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"hRPXERgt5Vjz8EHj4210yF6v0fx0cZPgre4ocTG5uAsa5bsaKAEgoahWj8rkQfNVq2uPlFuIRTnzHtJ+TKYWAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T04:06:06.264656Z"},"content_sha256":"cfa45197eb94bb01adc2b9f59e5a8f8f8a3cd65ed4945a83a7bce812dc394cce","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:cfa45197eb94bb01adc2b9f59e5a8f8f8a3cd65ed4945a83a7bce812dc394cce"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/23NX3MAUQTNSHJV7BTW6YUN6QL/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/23NX3MAUQTNSHJV7BTW6YUN6QL/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/23NX3MAUQTNSHJV7BTW6YUN6QL/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-04T04:06:06Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/23NX3MAUQTNSHJV7BTW6YUN6QL","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/23NX3MAUQTNSHJV7BTW6YUN6QL/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/23NX3MAUQTNSHJV7BTW6YUN6QL/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/23NX3MAUQTNSHJV7BTW6YUN6QL/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1998:23NX3MAUQTNSHJV7BTW6YUN6QL","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f82d2411fb7b471a0d47170d31b6c693fac22478fae7e8936287e97a3e5984a2","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat","hep-lat"],"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"1998-09-11T07:36:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"b125874a24093d9ecdc301a6b7baa9c9ce228c008e1699bd85f1e36d368dea69"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"hep-ph/9809334","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"hep-ph/9809334","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"hep-ph/9809334v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.hep-ph/9809334","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"23NX3MAUQTNS","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"23NX3MAUQTNSHJV7","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"23NX3MAU","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:24Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:cfa45197eb94bb01adc2b9f59e5a8f8f8a3cd65ed4945a83a7bce812dc394cce","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:24Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/hep-ph/9809334/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We use lattice Monte Carlo simulations to study non-perturbatively the tension, i.e. the free energy per unit length, of an infinitely long vortex in the three-dimensional U(1)+Higgs theory. This theory is the low-energy effective theory of high-temperature scalar electrodynamics, the standard framework for cosmic string studies. The vortex tension is measured as a function of the mass parameter at a large value of the Higgs self-coupling, where the transition between the phases is continuous. It is shown that the tension gives an order parameter that can distinguish between the two phases of ","authors_text":"A. Rajantie, J. Peisa, K. Kajantie, K. Rummukainen, M. Laine, T. Neuhaus","cross_cats":["cond-mat","hep-lat"],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"1998-09-11T07:36:15Z","title":"Vortex tension as an order parameter in three-dimensional U(1)+Higgs theory"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"hep-ph/9809334","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:5749490be273568a6320ad3553dac1997176bd82a5fc425c96c6c5ff3362ea8a","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:24Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f82d2411fb7b471a0d47170d31b6c693fac22478fae7e8936287e97a3e5984a2","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat","hep-lat"],"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"1998-09-11T07:36:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"b125874a24093d9ecdc301a6b7baa9c9ce228c008e1699bd85f1e36d368dea69"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"hep-ph/9809334","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"d6db7db01484db23a6bf0cedec51be82dcf600ee9ca3d623a64af1e0332ac2d8","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d6db7db01484db23a6bf0cedec51be82dcf600ee9ca3d623a64af1e0332ac2d8","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:24.456810Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:24.456810Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"JXC6c6wPSoNVDlt9PgimYDQtw7kZGxwgs89yb7z6/31+sWgH2i8FOZzmcktoPg5MH+SShW/zAIFVLyWimkvLBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:24.457204Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"hep-ph/9809334","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:5749490be273568a6320ad3553dac1997176bd82a5fc425c96c6c5ff3362ea8a","sha256:cfa45197eb94bb01adc2b9f59e5a8f8f8a3cd65ed4945a83a7bce812dc394cce"],"state_sha256":"04e5b63b2e22644354911e8772f426239fd2b36edbd1b1d2ce21730f7611186b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"IH1QhsDI/YxgVbw9VnUNNGx7i0uZBUkUrKeNdsFbu0124cQs2u9aGix19izA1tcI//sItjK9OrJwIPeJmLlRCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T04:06:06.269975Z","bundle_sha256":"b88465d85087487cba91ed37456e992812643bdf90f087e5a6e95fe7adb715a9"}}