{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:24TVIH5QAFDXONUDJ5DT6AKAJN","short_pith_number":"pith:24TVIH5Q","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2605.23875","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ao-ph","submitted_at":"2026-05-22T17:34:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"382c8154c4ab67d75f2c80e04a60d27815edd545ba57745f86a8367b349e8cb3","abstract_canon_sha256":"7f55512c107615e8e551e66a9be8fa96b5b876ab907615232bdba14ee074ce27"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d727541fb001477736834f473f01404b77f3da9a4741506f918e593da58c4787","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2605.23875","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2605.23875","created_at":"2026-05-25T02:02:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2605.23875v1","created_at":"2026-05-25T02:02:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2605.23875","created_at":"2026-05-25T02:02:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"24TVIH5QAFDX","created_at":"2026-05-25T02:02:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"24TVIH5QAFDXONUD","created_at":"2026-05-25T02:02:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"24TVIH5Q","created_at":"2026-05-25T02:02:37Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:24TVIH5QAFDXONUDJ5DT6AKAJN","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2605.23875","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ao-ph","submitted_at":"2026-05-22T17:34:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"382c8154c4ab67d75f2c80e04a60d27815edd545ba57745f86a8367b349e8cb3","abstract_canon_sha256":"7f55512c107615e8e551e66a9be8fa96b5b876ab907615232bdba14ee074ce27"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d727541fb001477736834f473f01404b77f3da9a4741506f918e593da58c4787","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-25T02:02:37.122553Z","signature_b64":"bJcj2OBBPdUm/YA+O0vhgyUKnXv5npXHO/QcsKVpNpT7A6pa7Ox5yaFTlcKLscOtcbbjHuaKkv7CQbM3u9KdCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d727541fb001477736834f473f01404b77f3da9a4741506f918e593da58c4787","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-25T02:02:37.121899Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-25T02:02:37.121899Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2605.23875","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-25T02:02:37Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7UU51f+aytGVyTRy2lOr7jmpNMhsZgL42a0T+ocSeKOk7NB9wYUTXD4sfaC0vawXMjxsi7BHDLVhwfI16KWsBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-29T15:02:14.145442Z"},"content_sha256":"4ab5fa63c813df89eb477dbaf84165e011053c1d24dcd2c55ff1e62859bf0209","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:4ab5fa63c813df89eb477dbaf84165e011053c1d24dcd2c55ff1e62859bf0209"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:24TVIH5QAFDXONUDJ5DT6AKAJN","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Atmosphere as a steam engine","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.ao-ph","authors_text":"Anastassia Makarieva, Andrei Nefiodov","submitted_at":"2026-05-22T17:34:17Z","abstract_excerpt":"Earth's atmosphere operates a steam cycle in which water vapor evaporates from the surface, expands, condenses, and returns as precipitation. The Clausius-Clapeyron law relates the incremental expansion work of saturated water vapor to latent heat converted at a Carnot efficiency corresponding to the temperature difference between evaporation and condensation. We generalize this relation to an atmospheric column with condensation occurring over a range of heights and derive the expansion work per mole of precipitated water. This includes the gravitational work associated with lifting moist air"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2605.23875","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2605.23875/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-25T02:02:37Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"1rL6siSaUjRiv0eoPA+7odqyJ74j/MRJL2jCYsDG7yD99SdozW2btzzo5ucPwBDgi0nI0EYsAhDbOBQyHFdVAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-29T15:02:14.146156Z"},"content_sha256":"be0ff0e6d6aff56f82106366588f07b938db1889ca9e626412222d78188a406c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:be0ff0e6d6aff56f82106366588f07b938db1889ca9e626412222d78188a406c"},{"event_type":"integrity_finding","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:24TVIH5QAFDXONUDJ5DT6AKAJN","target":"integrity","payload":{"note":"DOI in the printed bibliography is fragmented by whitespace or line breaks. A longer candidate (10.1175/1520-0493(1982) was visible in the surrounding text but could not be confirmed against doi.org as printed.","snippet":"Boer, G. J.: Diagnostic equations in isobaric coordinates, Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 1801–1820, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520- 0493(1982)110<1801:DEIIC>2.0.CO;2,","arxiv_id":"2605.23875","detector":"doi_compliance","evidence":{"ref_index":3,"verdict_class":"incontrovertible","resolved_title":null,"printed_excerpt":"Boer, G. J.: Diagnostic equations in isobaric coordinates, Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 1801–1820, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520- 0493(1982)110<1801:DEIIC>2.0.CO;2,","reconstructed_doi":"10.1175/1520-0493(1982"},"severity":"advisory","ref_index":3,"audited_at":"2026-05-25T02:15:49.273546Z","event_type":"pith.integrity.v1","detected_doi":"10.1175/1520-0493(1982","detector_url":"https://pith.science/pith-integrity-protocol#doi_compliance","external_url":null,"finding_type":"recoverable_identifier","evidence_hash":"ef605289d7bc72bfaedf373234708ab7168e848cd22803cf44224c6244005fce","paper_version":1,"verdict_class":"incontrovertible","resolved_title":null,"detector_version":"1.0.0","detected_arxiv_id":null,"integrity_event_id":7251,"payload_sha256":"6fe02cffb1d4ae3ac79872f7972a5ef4fb3edcf0c10f86d9a87fe0ce6bf4afd8","signature_b64":"1dFafakhpxovu0GQa+ZDIEIzrUiwZvvbQTQ4jaBNAFJT4ebTmXQxt0bdn7BgYt/q3+9COSCEM4Cq54uZUZvGCA==","signing_key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-25T02:19:44Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"j3ipePELg29V19mzABud6UwARqU/gSLUcQI5pOekUy7MwvZdIWialhNEqtjPWCGd04VMd0DCsQCZhdZVn3tTBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-29T15:02:14.147693Z"},"content_sha256":"fb2374c0c97257000833e859812e23c8b265af177fc86215313ba79c6be9231f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:fb2374c0c97257000833e859812e23c8b265af177fc86215313ba79c6be9231f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/24TVIH5QAFDXONUDJ5DT6AKAJN/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/24TVIH5QAFDXONUDJ5DT6AKAJN/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/24TVIH5QAFDXONUDJ5DT6AKAJN/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-29T15:02:14Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/24TVIH5QAFDXONUDJ5DT6AKAJN","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/24TVIH5QAFDXONUDJ5DT6AKAJN/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/24TVIH5QAFDXONUDJ5DT6AKAJN/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/24TVIH5QAFDXONUDJ5DT6AKAJN/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:24TVIH5QAFDXONUDJ5DT6AKAJN","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":3,"valid_event_count":3,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7f55512c107615e8e551e66a9be8fa96b5b876ab907615232bdba14ee074ce27","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ao-ph","submitted_at":"2026-05-22T17:34:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"382c8154c4ab67d75f2c80e04a60d27815edd545ba57745f86a8367b349e8cb3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2605.23875","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2605.23875","created_at":"2026-05-25T02:02:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2605.23875v1","created_at":"2026-05-25T02:02:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2605.23875","created_at":"2026-05-25T02:02:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"24TVIH5QAFDX","created_at":"2026-05-25T02:02:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"24TVIH5QAFDXONUD","created_at":"2026-05-25T02:02:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"24TVIH5Q","created_at":"2026-05-25T02:02:37Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:be0ff0e6d6aff56f82106366588f07b938db1889ca9e626412222d78188a406c","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-25T02:02:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2605.23875/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Earth's atmosphere operates a steam cycle in which water vapor evaporates from the surface, expands, condenses, and returns as precipitation. The Clausius-Clapeyron law relates the incremental expansion work of saturated water vapor to latent heat converted at a Carnot efficiency corresponding to the temperature difference between evaporation and condensation. We generalize this relation to an atmospheric column with condensation occurring over a range of heights and derive the expansion work per mole of precipitated water. This includes the gravitational work associated with lifting moist air","authors_text":"Anastassia Makarieva, Andrei Nefiodov","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ao-ph","submitted_at":"2026-05-22T17:34:17Z","title":"Atmosphere as a steam engine"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2605.23875","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:4ab5fa63c813df89eb477dbaf84165e011053c1d24dcd2c55ff1e62859bf0209","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-25T02:02:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7f55512c107615e8e551e66a9be8fa96b5b876ab907615232bdba14ee074ce27","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ao-ph","submitted_at":"2026-05-22T17:34:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"382c8154c4ab67d75f2c80e04a60d27815edd545ba57745f86a8367b349e8cb3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2605.23875","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"d727541fb001477736834f473f01404b77f3da9a4741506f918e593da58c4787","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d727541fb001477736834f473f01404b77f3da9a4741506f918e593da58c4787","first_computed_at":"2026-05-25T02:02:37.121899Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-25T02:02:37.121899Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"bJcj2OBBPdUm/YA+O0vhgyUKnXv5npXHO/QcsKVpNpT7A6pa7Ox5yaFTlcKLscOtcbbjHuaKkv7CQbM3u9KdCQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-25T02:02:37.122553Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2605.23875","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:4ab5fa63c813df89eb477dbaf84165e011053c1d24dcd2c55ff1e62859bf0209","sha256:be0ff0e6d6aff56f82106366588f07b938db1889ca9e626412222d78188a406c","sha256:fb2374c0c97257000833e859812e23c8b265af177fc86215313ba79c6be9231f"],"state_sha256":"178520e0d89215c8d8df05ec7a267c520995404a4244965ae1f4b1c60355684f"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qI4JWXddkwpLrUbf3vjcKD+gjEw9COkVfa8v5EckA1jWPWiwfYbgPs4z0I62pftDZ0A73wXkMsW8DI1lz8b/Dw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-29T15:02:14.151600Z","bundle_sha256":"e258007e83d77340dbb7b9334aa6f6806418155e577b032fe150eff521cf6fa0"}}