{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:25EQE3EKYC7ZQY6IRB7SAGWJLJ","short_pith_number":"pith:25EQE3EK","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1809.03111","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","submitted_at":"2018-09-10T02:58:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"ba7a0bc466b43b686e8685b03d8fd9b2ba0d3719d5947be679f721ec5346f516","abstract_canon_sha256":"d6e5d857d37722a63fe5facb81013b521654f537dd1d50be12d8f65f07f94f43"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d749026c8ac0bf9863c8887f201ac95a5dda3c39c193053e1309b3b0e08b63c0","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1809.03111","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1809.03111","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1809.03111v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1809.03111","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"25EQE3EKYC7Z","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"25EQE3EKYC7ZQY6I","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"25EQE3EK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:59Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:25EQE3EKYC7ZQY6IRB7SAGWJLJ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1809.03111","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","submitted_at":"2018-09-10T02:58:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"ba7a0bc466b43b686e8685b03d8fd9b2ba0d3719d5947be679f721ec5346f516","abstract_canon_sha256":"d6e5d857d37722a63fe5facb81013b521654f537dd1d50be12d8f65f07f94f43"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d749026c8ac0bf9863c8887f201ac95a5dda3c39c193053e1309b3b0e08b63c0","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:09.953870Z","signature_b64":"St/4nbSjrr4R1e2/OYAVeTkkol5KoRHWdqS5vqI0Vjs2myq4cPGgRRM4cFzqldPVCytqfkRuGl5cqfaXiIX5Ag==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d749026c8ac0bf9863c8887f201ac95a5dda3c39c193053e1309b3b0e08b63c0","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:09.953181Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:09.953181Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1809.03111","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:09Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"MsuJJ/z2lVMVd1hzjdGYxBEB73SvwHuHBNKUIXrmKxdpB1926RQ0+/v4V2m+FDIYVRR0TjwIn1bWs8sx/8h/CA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T03:30:09.602349Z"},"content_sha256":"63c0b8dc72c40d2a9fe7634110612f34a24be1f02361da02f279f874dffb9116","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:63c0b8dc72c40d2a9fe7634110612f34a24be1f02361da02f279f874dffb9116"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:25EQE3EKYC7ZQY6IRB7SAGWJLJ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Two-Dimensional Photogalvanic Spin-Battery","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","authors_text":"Hong Guo, Jian Wang, Mingyan Chen, Yibin Hu, Yin Wang, Yiqun Xie, Zewen Wu","submitted_at":"2018-09-10T02:58:57Z","abstract_excerpt":"Pure spin-current is of central importance in spintronics. Here we propose a two-dimensional (2D) spin-battery system that delivers pure spin-current without an accompanying charge-current to the outside world at zero bias. The principle of the spin-battery roots in the photogalvanic effect (PGE), and the system has good operational stability against structural perturbation, photon energy and other materials detail. The device principle is numerically implemented in the 2D material phosphorene as an example, and first principles calculations give excellent qualitative agreement with the PGE ph"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1809.03111","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:09Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"1RjplCt28e2xz399Gh2toS7BvUeSwAUYw6ib8/lBVidRSI3m3B+w0/jqE2pwwhpw9P5Oo1SqmTNV/xjhingZDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T03:30:09.602706Z"},"content_sha256":"f4379f23b2e5c708f2e15b317ab00e0d8e6d74f1f86a6d1c93094263b7ace415","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f4379f23b2e5c708f2e15b317ab00e0d8e6d74f1f86a6d1c93094263b7ace415"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/25EQE3EKYC7ZQY6IRB7SAGWJLJ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/25EQE3EKYC7ZQY6IRB7SAGWJLJ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/25EQE3EKYC7ZQY6IRB7SAGWJLJ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-05T03:30:09Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/25EQE3EKYC7ZQY6IRB7SAGWJLJ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/25EQE3EKYC7ZQY6IRB7SAGWJLJ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/25EQE3EKYC7ZQY6IRB7SAGWJLJ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/25EQE3EKYC7ZQY6IRB7SAGWJLJ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:25EQE3EKYC7ZQY6IRB7SAGWJLJ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d6e5d857d37722a63fe5facb81013b521654f537dd1d50be12d8f65f07f94f43","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","submitted_at":"2018-09-10T02:58:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"ba7a0bc466b43b686e8685b03d8fd9b2ba0d3719d5947be679f721ec5346f516"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1809.03111","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1809.03111","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1809.03111v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1809.03111","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"25EQE3EKYC7Z","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"25EQE3EKYC7ZQY6I","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"25EQE3EK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:59Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:f4379f23b2e5c708f2e15b317ab00e0d8e6d74f1f86a6d1c93094263b7ace415","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:09Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Pure spin-current is of central importance in spintronics. Here we propose a two-dimensional (2D) spin-battery system that delivers pure spin-current without an accompanying charge-current to the outside world at zero bias. The principle of the spin-battery roots in the photogalvanic effect (PGE), and the system has good operational stability against structural perturbation, photon energy and other materials detail. The device principle is numerically implemented in the 2D material phosphorene as an example, and first principles calculations give excellent qualitative agreement with the PGE ph","authors_text":"Hong Guo, Jian Wang, Mingyan Chen, Yibin Hu, Yin Wang, Yiqun Xie, Zewen Wu","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","submitted_at":"2018-09-10T02:58:57Z","title":"Two-Dimensional Photogalvanic Spin-Battery"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1809.03111","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:63c0b8dc72c40d2a9fe7634110612f34a24be1f02361da02f279f874dffb9116","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:09Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d6e5d857d37722a63fe5facb81013b521654f537dd1d50be12d8f65f07f94f43","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","submitted_at":"2018-09-10T02:58:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"ba7a0bc466b43b686e8685b03d8fd9b2ba0d3719d5947be679f721ec5346f516"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1809.03111","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"d749026c8ac0bf9863c8887f201ac95a5dda3c39c193053e1309b3b0e08b63c0","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d749026c8ac0bf9863c8887f201ac95a5dda3c39c193053e1309b3b0e08b63c0","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:09.953181Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:09.953181Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"St/4nbSjrr4R1e2/OYAVeTkkol5KoRHWdqS5vqI0Vjs2myq4cPGgRRM4cFzqldPVCytqfkRuGl5cqfaXiIX5Ag==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:09.953870Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1809.03111","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:63c0b8dc72c40d2a9fe7634110612f34a24be1f02361da02f279f874dffb9116","sha256:f4379f23b2e5c708f2e15b317ab00e0d8e6d74f1f86a6d1c93094263b7ace415"],"state_sha256":"1ad189567d169ddee1c713354d46b7881a6218566ac9f5acb39004e0dd143b2a"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"50TyHFlrsZ3EcpCxC1UUJButVdEhJ7n4W6IgfONOCnuFZDm9lLG13cngY5ZYMYi7saJYyVq7p+thaya0EWEfBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T03:30:09.604853Z","bundle_sha256":"75b7cbeb77f8571e27efed4a9178b9e63403f29622501769f401e5258052fba4"}}