{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:26V4IL773VAR7RDPKY6KKMZZKS","short_pith_number":"pith:26V4IL77","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2606.03215","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2026-06-02T06:20:25Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.HC"],"title_canon_sha256":"20ff8e3f411bfc551fb3e9f9d686272d909284c2fd6180fc00f6d7816fbf58fe","abstract_canon_sha256":"577da1159665e6cfc0d7a6afd04492b887e4918695b1897bbdd98cd31efd4065"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d7abc42fffdd411fc46f563ca5333954bf1fbf9ad73abe401234f202bffcd816","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2606.03215","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2606.03215","created_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2606.03215v1","created_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2606.03215","created_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"26V4IL773VAR","created_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"26V4IL773VAR7RDP","created_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"26V4IL77","created_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:35Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:26V4IL773VAR7RDPKY6KKMZZKS","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2606.03215","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2026-06-02T06:20:25Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.HC"],"title_canon_sha256":"20ff8e3f411bfc551fb3e9f9d686272d909284c2fd6180fc00f6d7816fbf58fe","abstract_canon_sha256":"577da1159665e6cfc0d7a6afd04492b887e4918695b1897bbdd98cd31efd4065"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d7abc42fffdd411fc46f563ca5333954bf1fbf9ad73abe401234f202bffcd816","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:35.107773Z","signature_b64":"AvTemAQgAtHzKTV3ZHpncbWl0Atph7obCEZwB0UUdsSNeVCWisyNWg53Nb1UH8BWzomfSmXLv9P9dkU6ra4xBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d7abc42fffdd411fc46f563ca5333954bf1fbf9ad73abe401234f202bffcd816","last_reissued_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:35.107368Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:35.107368Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2606.03215","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:35Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ktPziCXiur1p+K/DEsgg5Kzwh/4pmiu4PesdHD16blZuziM/VPzlkZq3MFuwNEWmQwSMIY9TmsYZz0Zs/kn6DA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T14:07:59.501799Z"},"content_sha256":"b1f7d56797c5bd95f316e360ca3f70c7daa2917cd6abad899ecb49d599dcaaef","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b1f7d56797c5bd95f316e360ca3f70c7daa2917cd6abad899ecb49d599dcaaef"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:26V4IL773VAR7RDPKY6KKMZZKS","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Generative AI-Enabled Refund Fraud in Chinese E-Commerce: Investigation on Merchants and Platform Workers","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.HC"],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Eve He, Hewu Li, Robert Xiao, Shijing He, Shuning Zhang, Xiao Zhan, Xin Yi","submitted_at":"2026-06-02T06:20:25Z","abstract_excerpt":"E-commerce dispute resolution typically relies on the security assumption that digital evidence truthfully reflects physical reality. Generative AI (GenAI) invalidates this threat model, enabling attackers to fabricate hyper-realistic evidence of product defects at negligible cost. Through semi-structured interviews with merchants (N=17) and platform workers (N=13) in the Chinese e-commerce market, we characterize this shift toward GenAI-enabled scalable fabrication. We outline a taxonomy of four GenAI-enabled threat vectors across the transaction, dispute, logistics and communication phases, "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2606.03215","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2606.03215/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:35Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"C7lNPeTBysQg4tJGvg061f9Pbv0a4VkCLrT7FJZutQWXqODdMQxjgUodSUpLzxBWv/S8AhKaklaBXBdSkKD4AQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T14:07:59.502176Z"},"content_sha256":"cf0b02771b5920121a76150d082fd725632c309adf4aa93a52a530f2c174dacd","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:cf0b02771b5920121a76150d082fd725632c309adf4aa93a52a530f2c174dacd"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/26V4IL773VAR7RDPKY6KKMZZKS/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/26V4IL773VAR7RDPKY6KKMZZKS/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/26V4IL773VAR7RDPKY6KKMZZKS/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-05T14:07:59Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/26V4IL773VAR7RDPKY6KKMZZKS","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/26V4IL773VAR7RDPKY6KKMZZKS/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/26V4IL773VAR7RDPKY6KKMZZKS/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/26V4IL773VAR7RDPKY6KKMZZKS/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:26V4IL773VAR7RDPKY6KKMZZKS","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"577da1159665e6cfc0d7a6afd04492b887e4918695b1897bbdd98cd31efd4065","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.HC"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2026-06-02T06:20:25Z","title_canon_sha256":"20ff8e3f411bfc551fb3e9f9d686272d909284c2fd6180fc00f6d7816fbf58fe"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2606.03215","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2606.03215","created_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2606.03215v1","created_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2606.03215","created_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"26V4IL773VAR","created_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"26V4IL773VAR7RDP","created_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"26V4IL77","created_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:35Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:cf0b02771b5920121a76150d082fd725632c309adf4aa93a52a530f2c174dacd","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:35Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2606.03215/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"E-commerce dispute resolution typically relies on the security assumption that digital evidence truthfully reflects physical reality. Generative AI (GenAI) invalidates this threat model, enabling attackers to fabricate hyper-realistic evidence of product defects at negligible cost. Through semi-structured interviews with merchants (N=17) and platform workers (N=13) in the Chinese e-commerce market, we characterize this shift toward GenAI-enabled scalable fabrication. We outline a taxonomy of four GenAI-enabled threat vectors across the transaction, dispute, logistics and communication phases, ","authors_text":"Eve He, Hewu Li, Robert Xiao, Shijing He, Shuning Zhang, Xiao Zhan, Xin Yi","cross_cats":["cs.HC"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2026-06-02T06:20:25Z","title":"Generative AI-Enabled Refund Fraud in Chinese E-Commerce: Investigation on Merchants and Platform Workers"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2606.03215","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b1f7d56797c5bd95f316e360ca3f70c7daa2917cd6abad899ecb49d599dcaaef","target":"record","created_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:35Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"577da1159665e6cfc0d7a6afd04492b887e4918695b1897bbdd98cd31efd4065","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.HC"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2026-06-02T06:20:25Z","title_canon_sha256":"20ff8e3f411bfc551fb3e9f9d686272d909284c2fd6180fc00f6d7816fbf58fe"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2606.03215","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"d7abc42fffdd411fc46f563ca5333954bf1fbf9ad73abe401234f202bffcd816","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d7abc42fffdd411fc46f563ca5333954bf1fbf9ad73abe401234f202bffcd816","first_computed_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:35.107368Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:35.107368Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"AvTemAQgAtHzKTV3ZHpncbWl0Atph7obCEZwB0UUdsSNeVCWisyNWg53Nb1UH8BWzomfSmXLv9P9dkU6ra4xBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:35.107773Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2606.03215","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b1f7d56797c5bd95f316e360ca3f70c7daa2917cd6abad899ecb49d599dcaaef","sha256:cf0b02771b5920121a76150d082fd725632c309adf4aa93a52a530f2c174dacd"],"state_sha256":"7053f633a9d02e286efa903277d9f52223e4309f0ef61685ca71814cb5f26273"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"iPHcu08/q+qFSp9D3XRI+o01XIOR6ozsN2Z3tPiOUK2WvRWwk844CgOPTVgbxvqfKhZfQuEnMyt05sxnBgLGDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T14:07:59.504184Z","bundle_sha256":"7e264fb895ceb36247e60dbc79e277e19810c820f96f70e970ff5b88bdc958e5"}}