{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:27CK3TSQ753RQLNZP74O5X7GCU","short_pith_number":"pith:27CK3TSQ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1103.2199","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2011-03-11T06:35:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA"],"title_canon_sha256":"406dd3a48bc7d45b3bd4fb18a9bef300ba49c6ec6a575af4c44ef4e566384682","abstract_canon_sha256":"908d6eab3bbee590789810a4bb0f220e9eef5b0f420ec59e722bbea367b9c912"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d7c4adce50ff77182db97ff8eedfe6153c27340881cd4ce71cfba58165846bba","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1103.2199","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1103.2199","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:02:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1103.2199v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:02:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1103.2199","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:02:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"27CK3TSQ753R","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"27CK3TSQ753RQLNZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"27CK3TSQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:18Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2011:27CK3TSQ753RQLNZP74O5X7GCU","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1103.2199","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2011-03-11T06:35:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA"],"title_canon_sha256":"406dd3a48bc7d45b3bd4fb18a9bef300ba49c6ec6a575af4c44ef4e566384682","abstract_canon_sha256":"908d6eab3bbee590789810a4bb0f220e9eef5b0f420ec59e722bbea367b9c912"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d7c4adce50ff77182db97ff8eedfe6153c27340881cd4ce71cfba58165846bba","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:02:54.758673Z","signature_b64":"I/gd93m1pIIN51XLjugN8Hc4QRN2aoXQhKg1lT4BKaYIV3aZcCGmSNXglMT84QILIIptCVCUxk2IkHhLd6nEAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d7c4adce50ff77182db97ff8eedfe6153c27340881cd4ce71cfba58165846bba","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:02:54.757881Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:02:54.757881Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1103.2199","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:02:54Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"LPfCphSd18Sioo13z8pUPF+VyGjCJ1dqaKzf1KJicpRKqskRg3i8v24VmLfHLDHbQIt0vml461a4DmGLGNPxAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T21:06:29.334642Z"},"content_sha256":"08fc5fbc8a64fb6fec73a8106f9bb709f1f1bf8b8b4e10f0b9f51ff968299d6d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:08fc5fbc8a64fb6fec73a8106f9bb709f1f1bf8b8b4e10f0b9f51ff968299d6d"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2011:27CK3TSQ753RQLNZP74O5X7GCU","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The contribution of X-ray binaries to the evolution of late-type galaxies: Evolutionary population synthesis simulations","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"Xiang-Dong Li, Zhao-yu Zuo","submitted_at":"2011-03-11T06:35:57Z","abstract_excerpt":"X-ray studies of normal late-type galaxies have shown that non-nuclear X-ray emission is typically dominated by X-ray binaries, and provides a useful measure of star formation activity. We have modeled the X-ray evolution of late-type galaxies over the $\\sim$ 14 Gyr of cosmic history, with an evolutionary population synthesis code developed by Hurley et al. Our calculations reveal a decrease of the X-ray luminosity-to-mass ratio $L_{\\rm X}/M$ with time, in agreement with observations (Fig.~7$a$). We show that this decrease is a natural consequence of stellar and binary evolution and mass accum"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1103.2199","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:02:54Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"fzry+5SW/yUd3M929Xj2gP15316ipPetDOjE05ohDMKTBg1Cu3Ow3yshjnN5ATGOrDg+sEVlWy153YF77gj6DQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T21:06:29.335389Z"},"content_sha256":"3288f60faef19751f2ba788ea898b616939bbd47d03609088c3a200ac309027a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3288f60faef19751f2ba788ea898b616939bbd47d03609088c3a200ac309027a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/27CK3TSQ753RQLNZP74O5X7GCU/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/27CK3TSQ753RQLNZP74O5X7GCU/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/27CK3TSQ753RQLNZP74O5X7GCU/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-07T21:06:29Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/27CK3TSQ753RQLNZP74O5X7GCU","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/27CK3TSQ753RQLNZP74O5X7GCU/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/27CK3TSQ753RQLNZP74O5X7GCU/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/27CK3TSQ753RQLNZP74O5X7GCU/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:27CK3TSQ753RQLNZP74O5X7GCU","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"908d6eab3bbee590789810a4bb0f220e9eef5b0f420ec59e722bbea367b9c912","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2011-03-11T06:35:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"406dd3a48bc7d45b3bd4fb18a9bef300ba49c6ec6a575af4c44ef4e566384682"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1103.2199","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1103.2199","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:02:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1103.2199v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:02:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1103.2199","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:02:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"27CK3TSQ753R","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"27CK3TSQ753RQLNZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"27CK3TSQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:18Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:3288f60faef19751f2ba788ea898b616939bbd47d03609088c3a200ac309027a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:02:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"X-ray studies of normal late-type galaxies have shown that non-nuclear X-ray emission is typically dominated by X-ray binaries, and provides a useful measure of star formation activity. We have modeled the X-ray evolution of late-type galaxies over the $\\sim$ 14 Gyr of cosmic history, with an evolutionary population synthesis code developed by Hurley et al. Our calculations reveal a decrease of the X-ray luminosity-to-mass ratio $L_{\\rm X}/M$ with time, in agreement with observations (Fig.~7$a$). We show that this decrease is a natural consequence of stellar and binary evolution and mass accum","authors_text":"Xiang-Dong Li, Zhao-yu Zuo","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2011-03-11T06:35:57Z","title":"The contribution of X-ray binaries to the evolution of late-type galaxies: Evolutionary population synthesis simulations"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1103.2199","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:08fc5fbc8a64fb6fec73a8106f9bb709f1f1bf8b8b4e10f0b9f51ff968299d6d","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:02:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"908d6eab3bbee590789810a4bb0f220e9eef5b0f420ec59e722bbea367b9c912","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2011-03-11T06:35:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"406dd3a48bc7d45b3bd4fb18a9bef300ba49c6ec6a575af4c44ef4e566384682"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1103.2199","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"d7c4adce50ff77182db97ff8eedfe6153c27340881cd4ce71cfba58165846bba","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d7c4adce50ff77182db97ff8eedfe6153c27340881cd4ce71cfba58165846bba","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:02:54.757881Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:02:54.757881Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"I/gd93m1pIIN51XLjugN8Hc4QRN2aoXQhKg1lT4BKaYIV3aZcCGmSNXglMT84QILIIptCVCUxk2IkHhLd6nEAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:02:54.758673Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1103.2199","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:08fc5fbc8a64fb6fec73a8106f9bb709f1f1bf8b8b4e10f0b9f51ff968299d6d","sha256:3288f60faef19751f2ba788ea898b616939bbd47d03609088c3a200ac309027a"],"state_sha256":"2b46c1714922f83f2322434f3e82131ab95777952cc412bae4fc2958ed8e84ef"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Iw6oXHvq1VPDO5Upc3+F0D1Yq5XvUIIh1P6rA+QXWH4stfz/mQq9mgEJmawx3ueLWTyQKXlT+qORrcUjBIqBCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T21:06:29.339446Z","bundle_sha256":"0d2620120539221fc5834719809a79f5da30d0a33b2db0920dd2bee471d52e5e"}}