{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:2ACOOWYTU6GGCT2IZI5AJNDFFP","short_pith_number":"pith:2ACOOWYT","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1211.0008","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2012-10-31T20:00:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE","physics.plasm-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"17b032bc947bcb2398054c6f84e786a38b0ae3bf88e2d3b8d5dbbd3e26738f08","abstract_canon_sha256":"56eebd75b67a6760d4f858759f39884a7dd91b54392fa4c0cb2aea327062c707"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d004e75b13a78c614f48ca3a04b4652bd6aad4c6345507317aea3fdcb51ec599","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1211.0008","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1211.0008","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:53:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1211.0008v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:53:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1211.0008","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:53:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2ACOOWYTU6GG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2ACOOWYTU6GGCT2I","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2ACOOWYT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:50Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:2ACOOWYTU6GGCT2IZI5AJNDFFP","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1211.0008","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2012-10-31T20:00:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE","physics.plasm-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"17b032bc947bcb2398054c6f84e786a38b0ae3bf88e2d3b8d5dbbd3e26738f08","abstract_canon_sha256":"56eebd75b67a6760d4f858759f39884a7dd91b54392fa4c0cb2aea327062c707"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d004e75b13a78c614f48ca3a04b4652bd6aad4c6345507317aea3fdcb51ec599","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:53:27.372469Z","signature_b64":"Pd2q7jDWyST2CUU2pGMDhrhj2LSBnkpCFHuPnti7sCLwpY8yLMtmv71338iZMKawB9ekGz84bC3SbRWJdK1yDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d004e75b13a78c614f48ca3a04b4652bd6aad4c6345507317aea3fdcb51ec599","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:53:27.371769Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:53:27.371769Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1211.0008","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:53:27Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"jd2UVQY1w3Mk1sI6kTbElxc1+R5k1J8om/FpH0Yolzy1GNtHgSAKtSuwMaeaYTZ3Gu78coA5B52ShEqrFRKQDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T19:43:22.035061Z"},"content_sha256":"9a87e22f48f9e1b6b252310959d8b312d9c32ce29964f8bcc1f3621801a799d3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9a87e22f48f9e1b6b252310959d8b312d9c32ce29964f8bcc1f3621801a799d3"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:2ACOOWYTU6GGCT2IZI5AJNDFFP","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Turbulence, Magnetic Reconnection in Turbulent Fluids and Energetic Particle Acceleration","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE","physics.plasm-ph"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","authors_text":"A. Beresnyak, A. Lazarian, E. de Gouveia dal Pino, G. Kowal, H. Yan, L. Vlahos","submitted_at":"2012-10-31T20:00:04Z","abstract_excerpt":"Turbulence is ubiquitous in astrophysics. It radically changes many astrophysical phenomena, in particular, the propagation and acceleration of cosmic rays. We present the modern understanding of compressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence, in particular its decomposition into Alfv\\'en, slow and fast modes, discuss the density structure of turbulent subsonic and supersonic media, as well as other relevant regimes of astrophysical turbulence. All this information is essential for understanding the energetic particle acceleration that we discuss further in the review. For instance, we show"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1211.0008","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:53:27Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"lDvT9M/JEx6YnwLuEuvpED/if5vvEsfdeXUVHzVgMotU8DhqZId3Uxa1UjdTL852xh+RCZ7ql+4YzwonWzepAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T19:43:22.035809Z"},"content_sha256":"031d93a00f4b2e70d1b1b2f2a09ee45a5c2baefedc689247995fd42aa84909fd","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:031d93a00f4b2e70d1b1b2f2a09ee45a5c2baefedc689247995fd42aa84909fd"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2ACOOWYTU6GGCT2IZI5AJNDFFP/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2ACOOWYTU6GGCT2IZI5AJNDFFP/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2ACOOWYTU6GGCT2IZI5AJNDFFP/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-27T19:43:22Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/2ACOOWYTU6GGCT2IZI5AJNDFFP","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/2ACOOWYTU6GGCT2IZI5AJNDFFP/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/2ACOOWYTU6GGCT2IZI5AJNDFFP/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2ACOOWYTU6GGCT2IZI5AJNDFFP/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:2ACOOWYTU6GGCT2IZI5AJNDFFP","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"56eebd75b67a6760d4f858759f39884a7dd91b54392fa4c0cb2aea327062c707","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE","physics.plasm-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2012-10-31T20:00:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"17b032bc947bcb2398054c6f84e786a38b0ae3bf88e2d3b8d5dbbd3e26738f08"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1211.0008","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1211.0008","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:53:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1211.0008v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:53:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1211.0008","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:53:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2ACOOWYTU6GG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2ACOOWYTU6GGCT2I","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2ACOOWYT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:50Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:031d93a00f4b2e70d1b1b2f2a09ee45a5c2baefedc689247995fd42aa84909fd","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:53:27Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Turbulence is ubiquitous in astrophysics. It radically changes many astrophysical phenomena, in particular, the propagation and acceleration of cosmic rays. We present the modern understanding of compressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence, in particular its decomposition into Alfv\\'en, slow and fast modes, discuss the density structure of turbulent subsonic and supersonic media, as well as other relevant regimes of astrophysical turbulence. All this information is essential for understanding the energetic particle acceleration that we discuss further in the review. For instance, we show","authors_text":"A. Beresnyak, A. Lazarian, E. de Gouveia dal Pino, G. Kowal, H. Yan, L. Vlahos","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE","physics.plasm-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2012-10-31T20:00:04Z","title":"Turbulence, Magnetic Reconnection in Turbulent Fluids and Energetic Particle Acceleration"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1211.0008","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:9a87e22f48f9e1b6b252310959d8b312d9c32ce29964f8bcc1f3621801a799d3","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:53:27Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"56eebd75b67a6760d4f858759f39884a7dd91b54392fa4c0cb2aea327062c707","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE","physics.plasm-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2012-10-31T20:00:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"17b032bc947bcb2398054c6f84e786a38b0ae3bf88e2d3b8d5dbbd3e26738f08"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1211.0008","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"d004e75b13a78c614f48ca3a04b4652bd6aad4c6345507317aea3fdcb51ec599","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d004e75b13a78c614f48ca3a04b4652bd6aad4c6345507317aea3fdcb51ec599","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:53:27.371769Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:53:27.371769Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Pd2q7jDWyST2CUU2pGMDhrhj2LSBnkpCFHuPnti7sCLwpY8yLMtmv71338iZMKawB9ekGz84bC3SbRWJdK1yDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:53:27.372469Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1211.0008","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:9a87e22f48f9e1b6b252310959d8b312d9c32ce29964f8bcc1f3621801a799d3","sha256:031d93a00f4b2e70d1b1b2f2a09ee45a5c2baefedc689247995fd42aa84909fd"],"state_sha256":"f5b6b867c39fa2b14b78088fd9d8b7de2dddad443963d5c2efd3d3addd7b6753"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"4klNYEnFt6LR+x79x0r8xmTz2/dRcUOCNNspnnqiph5oqAwFpwGZUdwAxNEvyj25hV6a/N5I9glxqGj6KmgzCQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T19:43:22.039755Z","bundle_sha256":"c83461da0756039940ddaee4ddf3009648d322e885fce16fa4a1e839c687a760"}}