{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:2ATJM5VW7I4TW7J52QV6WIDR5T","short_pith_number":"pith:2ATJM5VW","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1901.11162","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2019-01-31T01:14:28Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY"],"title_canon_sha256":"f8af85132304861f6ba8b64e0f5354335e92c7487b25d9965121e2cedd8ae92d","abstract_canon_sha256":"92819aca97eeb164481b3933c1dc8f93bdc0343bf9b02cbac58bf608df390764"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d0269676b6fa393b7d3dd42beb2071ecc8a2d40562a9f358a980967f3b8c0f1a","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1901.11162","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1901.11162","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1901.11162v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1901.11162","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2ATJM5VW7I4T","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2ATJM5VW7I4TW7J5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2ATJM5VW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:07Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:2ATJM5VW7I4TW7J52QV6WIDR5T","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1901.11162","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2019-01-31T01:14:28Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY"],"title_canon_sha256":"f8af85132304861f6ba8b64e0f5354335e92c7487b25d9965121e2cedd8ae92d","abstract_canon_sha256":"92819aca97eeb164481b3933c1dc8f93bdc0343bf9b02cbac58bf608df390764"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d0269676b6fa393b7d3dd42beb2071ecc8a2d40562a9f358a980967f3b8c0f1a","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:02.529355Z","signature_b64":"B0cumx3FT+NpReER4bcJbrvIqccnOws4m0QCpPGVNXB6cFNuvnvN6jEq+P5PoKv4sxgAPkz6Mn8pFPjkTGXoAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d0269676b6fa393b7d3dd42beb2071ecc8a2d40562a9f358a980967f3b8c0f1a","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:02.528788Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:02.528788Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1901.11162","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:02Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Y9J8ZP6Vn6EBC12UJdlJyzvbgK6pQlRdJeNdJpILVljMyhf0z9AErGvjfITEROZaLioTG9OL1xiBE0qvEfzXCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T08:17:46.775985Z"},"content_sha256":"a110ae8924e0a91464444c2e271a23b41981fe1e6957e1a8114ce6918589b03e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a110ae8924e0a91464444c2e271a23b41981fe1e6957e1a8114ce6918589b03e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:2ATJM5VW7I4TW7J52QV6WIDR5T","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Still out there: Modeling and Identifying Russian Troll Accounts on Twitter","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CY"],"primary_cat":"cs.SI","authors_text":"Ankit Bhargava, David Jurgens, Eric Gilbert, Eshwar Chandrasekharan, Jackson Sargent, Jane Im, Libby Hemphill, Paige Lighthammer, Taylor Denby","submitted_at":"2019-01-31T01:14:28Z","abstract_excerpt":"There is evidence that Russia's Internet Research Agency attempted to interfere with the 2016 U.S. election by running fake accounts on Twitter - often referred to as \"Russian trolls\". In this work, we: 1) develop machine learning models that predict whether a Twitter account is a Russian troll within a set of 170K control accounts; and, 2) demonstrate that it is possible to use this model to find active accounts on Twitter still likely acting on behalf of the Russian state. Using both behavioral and linguistic features, we show that it is possible to distinguish between a troll and a non-trol"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1901.11162","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:02Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8+ZovGqtf6l8njR3zFjl7wSp9Lq3/Iz2NlCnMdSqLUeCfF8BLNulWqZtdpoYU0F323yQzp64JKiPSfPYIh3IBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T08:17:46.776603Z"},"content_sha256":"39b0ae0e860601134e8d4776537d5c9077c9946d9ea3ea78b557a1c39f223dd2","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:39b0ae0e860601134e8d4776537d5c9077c9946d9ea3ea78b557a1c39f223dd2"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2ATJM5VW7I4TW7J52QV6WIDR5T/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2ATJM5VW7I4TW7J52QV6WIDR5T/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2ATJM5VW7I4TW7J52QV6WIDR5T/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-28T08:17:46Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/2ATJM5VW7I4TW7J52QV6WIDR5T","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/2ATJM5VW7I4TW7J52QV6WIDR5T/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/2ATJM5VW7I4TW7J52QV6WIDR5T/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2ATJM5VW7I4TW7J52QV6WIDR5T/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:2ATJM5VW7I4TW7J52QV6WIDR5T","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"92819aca97eeb164481b3933c1dc8f93bdc0343bf9b02cbac58bf608df390764","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2019-01-31T01:14:28Z","title_canon_sha256":"f8af85132304861f6ba8b64e0f5354335e92c7487b25d9965121e2cedd8ae92d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1901.11162","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1901.11162","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1901.11162v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1901.11162","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2ATJM5VW7I4T","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2ATJM5VW7I4TW7J5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2ATJM5VW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:07Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:39b0ae0e860601134e8d4776537d5c9077c9946d9ea3ea78b557a1c39f223dd2","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:02Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"There is evidence that Russia's Internet Research Agency attempted to interfere with the 2016 U.S. election by running fake accounts on Twitter - often referred to as \"Russian trolls\". In this work, we: 1) develop machine learning models that predict whether a Twitter account is a Russian troll within a set of 170K control accounts; and, 2) demonstrate that it is possible to use this model to find active accounts on Twitter still likely acting on behalf of the Russian state. Using both behavioral and linguistic features, we show that it is possible to distinguish between a troll and a non-trol","authors_text":"Ankit Bhargava, David Jurgens, Eric Gilbert, Eshwar Chandrasekharan, Jackson Sargent, Jane Im, Libby Hemphill, Paige Lighthammer, Taylor Denby","cross_cats":["cs.CY"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2019-01-31T01:14:28Z","title":"Still out there: Modeling and Identifying Russian Troll Accounts on Twitter"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1901.11162","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a110ae8924e0a91464444c2e271a23b41981fe1e6957e1a8114ce6918589b03e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:02Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"92819aca97eeb164481b3933c1dc8f93bdc0343bf9b02cbac58bf608df390764","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2019-01-31T01:14:28Z","title_canon_sha256":"f8af85132304861f6ba8b64e0f5354335e92c7487b25d9965121e2cedd8ae92d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1901.11162","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"d0269676b6fa393b7d3dd42beb2071ecc8a2d40562a9f358a980967f3b8c0f1a","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d0269676b6fa393b7d3dd42beb2071ecc8a2d40562a9f358a980967f3b8c0f1a","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:02.528788Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:02.528788Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"B0cumx3FT+NpReER4bcJbrvIqccnOws4m0QCpPGVNXB6cFNuvnvN6jEq+P5PoKv4sxgAPkz6Mn8pFPjkTGXoAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:02.529355Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1901.11162","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a110ae8924e0a91464444c2e271a23b41981fe1e6957e1a8114ce6918589b03e","sha256:39b0ae0e860601134e8d4776537d5c9077c9946d9ea3ea78b557a1c39f223dd2"],"state_sha256":"cc0c8eb88b5d59a842326f929f916af4c2f72dba4083ee5967a487879ea2de17"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"D5Hle8j42pEPBM7KyTNVmnuWQoTfRv0CnVVRhbX/Z1kiCqgRmeaXpg7K8TlULVjKt9vhkFPiwNytQWoJmQAOBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T08:17:46.779485Z","bundle_sha256":"7fa4f81d0d4556af863ac74e072636be4363d2998e5dba411935d98a68a8a3ab"}}