{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:2AWMIM5VENYQ4I2IULQ6ATSR75","short_pith_number":"pith:2AWMIM5V","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2204.12732","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-04-27T06:58:45Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"23717ccb45a043687a8683b67d364aa764267e434cbad9c0669e7eb46f3fb8eb","abstract_canon_sha256":"ce870a82c5b2b55ead5d011c413c45e549957310552f5534d7d41262fe49195a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d02cc433b523710e2348a2e1e04e51ff5ed7f830b3ea8a75aaf023a7c2d88d08","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2204.12732","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2204.12732","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:54:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2204.12732v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:54:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2204.12732","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:54:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2AWMIM5VENYQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:54:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2AWMIM5VENYQ4I2I","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:54:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2AWMIM5V","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:54:20Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:2AWMIM5VENYQ4I2IULQ6ATSR75","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2204.12732","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-04-27T06:58:45Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"23717ccb45a043687a8683b67d364aa764267e434cbad9c0669e7eb46f3fb8eb","abstract_canon_sha256":"ce870a82c5b2b55ead5d011c413c45e549957310552f5534d7d41262fe49195a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d02cc433b523710e2348a2e1e04e51ff5ed7f830b3ea8a75aaf023a7c2d88d08","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:54:20.015586Z","signature_b64":"f0yhxT2CJkWpnvjWsxoZUED0c5GjJJJoarfXExO3Z+U/duTZbROcv9HFC+esTz0t3TibHL4atp0OJurMzZOpDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d02cc433b523710e2348a2e1e04e51ff5ed7f830b3ea8a75aaf023a7c2d88d08","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:54:20.015107Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:54:20.015107Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2204.12732","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:54:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"OoTqmBcqy3Oh6Aoqw+sGCu+CN711WS9YB/bRxi2l3z1Dn0bLFK8xEJUCHcuE3qzXVxH+hdpBviTTRAokRbnvDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T05:10:44.190550Z"},"content_sha256":"82b43cbdba6d4813d4c4bdde2ded693e97bfb32be3a81cd80ec4f18d25a1a0f5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:82b43cbdba6d4813d4c4bdde2ded693e97bfb32be3a81cd80ec4f18d25a1a0f5"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:2AWMIM5VENYQ4I2IULQ6ATSR75","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Propose-and-Refine: A Two-Stage Set Prediction Network for Nested Named Entity Recognition","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Shuhui Wu, Weiming Lu, Yongliang Shen, Zeqi Tan","submitted_at":"2022-04-27T06:58:45Z","abstract_excerpt":"Nested named entity recognition (nested NER) is a fundamental task in natural language processing. Various span-based methods have been proposed to detect nested entities with span representations. However, span-based methods do not consider the relationship between a span and other entities or phrases, which is helpful in the NER task. Besides, span-based methods have trouble predicting long entities due to limited span enumeration length. To mitigate these issues, we present the Propose-and-Refine Network (PnRNet), a two-stage set prediction network for nested NER. In the propose stage, we u"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2204.12732","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2204.12732/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:54:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ueq/G3Og/NskKeOSFt4BPIoXQs4Am6c+4cGRANeymPtOzIyvvcDbD+jXAlIOfPbMnlIdiRwD00awr9jgtK6ODw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T05:10:44.191194Z"},"content_sha256":"44bcb737c6d90f6a643d0e787969d31895798d06e3ddc6b8cc082ef2b9705ea0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:44bcb737c6d90f6a643d0e787969d31895798d06e3ddc6b8cc082ef2b9705ea0"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2AWMIM5VENYQ4I2IULQ6ATSR75/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2AWMIM5VENYQ4I2IULQ6ATSR75/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2AWMIM5VENYQ4I2IULQ6ATSR75/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-07T05:10:44Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/2AWMIM5VENYQ4I2IULQ6ATSR75","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/2AWMIM5VENYQ4I2IULQ6ATSR75/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/2AWMIM5VENYQ4I2IULQ6ATSR75/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2AWMIM5VENYQ4I2IULQ6ATSR75/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:2AWMIM5VENYQ4I2IULQ6ATSR75","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ce870a82c5b2b55ead5d011c413c45e549957310552f5534d7d41262fe49195a","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-04-27T06:58:45Z","title_canon_sha256":"23717ccb45a043687a8683b67d364aa764267e434cbad9c0669e7eb46f3fb8eb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2204.12732","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2204.12732","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:54:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2204.12732v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:54:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2204.12732","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:54:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2AWMIM5VENYQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:54:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2AWMIM5VENYQ4I2I","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:54:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2AWMIM5V","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:54:20Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:44bcb737c6d90f6a643d0e787969d31895798d06e3ddc6b8cc082ef2b9705ea0","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:54:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2204.12732/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Nested named entity recognition (nested NER) is a fundamental task in natural language processing. Various span-based methods have been proposed to detect nested entities with span representations. However, span-based methods do not consider the relationship between a span and other entities or phrases, which is helpful in the NER task. Besides, span-based methods have trouble predicting long entities due to limited span enumeration length. To mitigate these issues, we present the Propose-and-Refine Network (PnRNet), a two-stage set prediction network for nested NER. In the propose stage, we u","authors_text":"Shuhui Wu, Weiming Lu, Yongliang Shen, Zeqi Tan","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-04-27T06:58:45Z","title":"Propose-and-Refine: A Two-Stage Set Prediction Network for Nested Named Entity Recognition"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2204.12732","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:82b43cbdba6d4813d4c4bdde2ded693e97bfb32be3a81cd80ec4f18d25a1a0f5","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:54:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ce870a82c5b2b55ead5d011c413c45e549957310552f5534d7d41262fe49195a","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-04-27T06:58:45Z","title_canon_sha256":"23717ccb45a043687a8683b67d364aa764267e434cbad9c0669e7eb46f3fb8eb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2204.12732","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"d02cc433b523710e2348a2e1e04e51ff5ed7f830b3ea8a75aaf023a7c2d88d08","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d02cc433b523710e2348a2e1e04e51ff5ed7f830b3ea8a75aaf023a7c2d88d08","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:54:20.015107Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:54:20.015107Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"f0yhxT2CJkWpnvjWsxoZUED0c5GjJJJoarfXExO3Z+U/duTZbROcv9HFC+esTz0t3TibHL4atp0OJurMzZOpDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:54:20.015586Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2204.12732","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:82b43cbdba6d4813d4c4bdde2ded693e97bfb32be3a81cd80ec4f18d25a1a0f5","sha256:44bcb737c6d90f6a643d0e787969d31895798d06e3ddc6b8cc082ef2b9705ea0"],"state_sha256":"af11a2a28d251dc3c6cf29a0d79da11161b2bd19e206efa2ba8c9e2e01d16b3c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"oPQaXj9BLLXa6Sbtg6bbIZJ5URelzGJnw5cpjl1QkCINHpM8MdmSo1AyeZchbB7ajID9fA2RmZMUifcLWqlXCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T05:10:44.194625Z","bundle_sha256":"1a57a5b81a07e515bd505c0703ea049066371aeee8507eb0ca70f59dbba1296b"}}