{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1997:2BRRZZJREV3FO2UBKFFGNBAN6E","short_pith_number":"pith:2BRRZZJR","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9706059","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1997-06-06T08:18:25Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"dfb86e996ae8958b9e79fe591318b55bb6b83ede92cb4fe6f3007c980907e1b3","abstract_canon_sha256":"996d403c534a61b5be4fc450967c405f5933600900f6cda69406278c1ee94118"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d0631ce5312576576a81514a66840df10a592febfc1b44d15e20f920a17e3c7c","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"astro-ph/9706059","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/9706059","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/9706059v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9706059","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2BRRZZJREV3F","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2BRRZZJREV3FO2UB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2BRRZZJR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:48Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:1997:2BRRZZJREV3FO2UBKFFGNBAN6E","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9706059","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1997-06-06T08:18:25Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"dfb86e996ae8958b9e79fe591318b55bb6b83ede92cb4fe6f3007c980907e1b3","abstract_canon_sha256":"996d403c534a61b5be4fc450967c405f5933600900f6cda69406278c1ee94118"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d0631ce5312576576a81514a66840df10a592febfc1b44d15e20f920a17e3c7c","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:17.365352Z","signature_b64":"Dfv2XKCawc+W7L5DRcY2NBlbI7TUzTVKiCdN5QB8vkpyAhkPPTy3Kg6rVspmNWjVPkvs0oPDa0niw4g4R6UFDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d0631ce5312576576a81514a66840df10a592febfc1b44d15e20f920a17e3c7c","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:17.364611Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:17.364611Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"astro-ph/9706059","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:17Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/sOIUTh3UBva2Q+qL3HRy/bgW1onebdD/Vnj003bkfaRj3NMD+e9z04kflZQjbdYS8JNERQ/1l/AoNQjL3v6Dg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T21:32:58.077340Z"},"content_sha256":"c5b4991c0edb9de9fc677373b8457353535ec4a2b588f1e57a0398eb1914c4f5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c5b4991c0edb9de9fc677373b8457353535ec4a2b588f1e57a0398eb1914c4f5"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:1997:2BRRZZJREV3FO2UBKFFGNBAN6E","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Large-scale bias in the Universe: bispectrum method","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"A. Heavens (Universities of Padova, Edinburgh), L. Verde, S. Matarrese","submitted_at":"1997-06-06T08:18:25Z","abstract_excerpt":"Evidence that the Universe may be close to the critical density, required for its expansion eventually to be halted, comes principally from dynamical studies of large-scale structure. These studies either use the observed peculiar velocity field of galaxies directly, or indirectly by quantifying its anisotropic effect on galaxy clustering in redshift surveys. A potential difficulty with both such approaches is that the density parameter $\\Omega_0$ is obtained only in the combination $\\beta = \\Omega_0^{0.6}/b$, if linear perturbation theory is used. The determination of the density parameter $\\"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9706059","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:17Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"nJUIvxGYwXeleqBjAami+9kZ5HKfbvibMMWAoYa6Zxb8LeauJrsgXrMArqoljZKc89Bl4tbGf6suBH6Luq9nDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T21:32:58.077772Z"},"content_sha256":"98545be9f9d2ddb3c3c49c9409a76273d6b809c0eedc0ae16a2413a6ac963286","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:98545be9f9d2ddb3c3c49c9409a76273d6b809c0eedc0ae16a2413a6ac963286"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2BRRZZJREV3FO2UBKFFGNBAN6E/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2BRRZZJREV3FO2UBKFFGNBAN6E/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2BRRZZJREV3FO2UBKFFGNBAN6E/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-31T21:32:58Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/2BRRZZJREV3FO2UBKFFGNBAN6E","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/2BRRZZJREV3FO2UBKFFGNBAN6E/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/2BRRZZJREV3FO2UBKFFGNBAN6E/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2BRRZZJREV3FO2UBKFFGNBAN6E/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1997:2BRRZZJREV3FO2UBKFFGNBAN6E","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"996d403c534a61b5be4fc450967c405f5933600900f6cda69406278c1ee94118","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1997-06-06T08:18:25Z","title_canon_sha256":"dfb86e996ae8958b9e79fe591318b55bb6b83ede92cb4fe6f3007c980907e1b3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/9706059","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/9706059","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/9706059v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9706059","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2BRRZZJREV3F","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2BRRZZJREV3FO2UB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2BRRZZJR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:48Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:98545be9f9d2ddb3c3c49c9409a76273d6b809c0eedc0ae16a2413a6ac963286","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:17Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Evidence that the Universe may be close to the critical density, required for its expansion eventually to be halted, comes principally from dynamical studies of large-scale structure. These studies either use the observed peculiar velocity field of galaxies directly, or indirectly by quantifying its anisotropic effect on galaxy clustering in redshift surveys. A potential difficulty with both such approaches is that the density parameter $\\Omega_0$ is obtained only in the combination $\\beta = \\Omega_0^{0.6}/b$, if linear perturbation theory is used. The determination of the density parameter $\\","authors_text":"A. Heavens (Universities of Padova, Edinburgh), L. Verde, S. Matarrese","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1997-06-06T08:18:25Z","title":"Large-scale bias in the Universe: bispectrum method"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9706059","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:c5b4991c0edb9de9fc677373b8457353535ec4a2b588f1e57a0398eb1914c4f5","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:17Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"996d403c534a61b5be4fc450967c405f5933600900f6cda69406278c1ee94118","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1997-06-06T08:18:25Z","title_canon_sha256":"dfb86e996ae8958b9e79fe591318b55bb6b83ede92cb4fe6f3007c980907e1b3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/9706059","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"d0631ce5312576576a81514a66840df10a592febfc1b44d15e20f920a17e3c7c","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d0631ce5312576576a81514a66840df10a592febfc1b44d15e20f920a17e3c7c","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:17.364611Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:17.364611Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Dfv2XKCawc+W7L5DRcY2NBlbI7TUzTVKiCdN5QB8vkpyAhkPPTy3Kg6rVspmNWjVPkvs0oPDa0niw4g4R6UFDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:17.365352Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"astro-ph/9706059","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:c5b4991c0edb9de9fc677373b8457353535ec4a2b588f1e57a0398eb1914c4f5","sha256:98545be9f9d2ddb3c3c49c9409a76273d6b809c0eedc0ae16a2413a6ac963286"],"state_sha256":"399c5eae9e8b88362bb6123e1a740d2a28f79b0d7659ddbb1e46f42f9514288c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6gIgpY7BHuQa5n8eTg87yZ7SlRJcfO1YjlMm2lAhjEc/nPMIZ0LphOiYqEbtQ5U9PFr5Uc8zSp7F+s1RytGeAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T21:32:58.080591Z","bundle_sha256":"06acdf29d2339729721d9d151059fe4e18f72019790b573ddc039102c4b10aae"}}