{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2015:2D7L5NKL4WTEQDSTEY3D57MCZL","short_pith_number":"pith:2D7L5NKL","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"d0febeb54be5a6480e5326363efd82cacc6cb3b54ed005b17c992338383106bc","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1511.04316","version":3},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Particle creation rate for dynamical black holes","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO","hep-th"],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"George F R Ellis, Javad T. Firouzjaee","submitted_at":"2015-11-13T15:30:13Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present the particle creation probability rate around a general black hole as an outcome of quantum fluctuations. Using the uncertainty principle for these fluctuation, we derive a new ultraviolet frequency cutoff for the radiation spectrum of a dynamical black hole. Using this frequency cutoff, we define the probability creation rate function for such black holes. We consider a dynamical Vaidya model, and calculate the probability creation rate for this case when its horizon is in a slowly evolving phase. Our results show that one can expect the usual Hawking radiation emission process in "},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1511.04316","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2015-11-13T15:30:13Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"3ca5c7e8e3ba2e5f38416b2e2d86c41f2c01e8070ef1cb1a3c024b43f061c37e","abstract_canon_sha256":"c6328d9e82d85f1b12267dc310fe9d682abb85764c7197d8b955d68fab3e5391"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:41.234640Z","signature_b64":"+OcI8Y3yvLbZSIbpxZViUOaf3nz+Ab/VBHzbzHXHh/3ps9C+iYT/LW9cto8FlK+0U5vGpq/zT584p8ZPnlgkAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d0febeb54be5a6480e5326363efd82cacc6cb3b54ed005b17c992338383106bc","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:41.234174Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:41.234174Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Particle creation rate for dynamical black holes","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO","hep-th"],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"George F R Ellis, Javad T. Firouzjaee","submitted_at":"2015-11-13T15:30:13Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present the particle creation probability rate around a general black hole as an outcome of quantum fluctuations. Using the uncertainty principle for these fluctuation, we derive a new ultraviolet frequency cutoff for the radiation spectrum of a dynamical black hole. Using this frequency cutoff, we define the probability creation rate function for such black holes. We consider a dynamical Vaidya model, and calculate the probability creation rate for this case when its horizon is in a slowly evolving phase. Our results show that one can expect the usual Hawking radiation emission process in "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1511.04316","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1511.04316","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:41.234247+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1511.04316v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:41.234247+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1511.04316","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:41.234247+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2D7L5NKL4WTE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:59.999130+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2D7L5NKL4WTEQDST","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:59.999130+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2D7L5NKL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:59.999130+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/2D7L5NKL4WTEQDSTEY3D57MCZL","json":"https://pith.science/pith/2D7L5NKL4WTEQDSTEY3D57MCZL.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/2D7L5NKL4WTEQDSTEY3D57MCZL/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/2D7L5NKL4WTEQDSTEY3D57MCZL/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/2D7L5NKL"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/2D7L5NKL4WTEQDSTEY3D57MCZL","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/2D7L5NKL4WTEQDSTEY3D57MCZL.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/2D7L5NKL","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1511.04316&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/2D7L5NKL4WTEQDSTEY3D57MCZL/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/2D7L5NKL4WTEQDSTEY3D57MCZL/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/2D7L5NKL4WTEQDSTEY3D57MCZL/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/2D7L5NKL4WTEQDSTEY3D57MCZL/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/2D7L5NKL4WTEQDSTEY3D57MCZL/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/2D7L5NKL4WTEQDSTEY3D57MCZL/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/2D7L5NKL4WTEQDSTEY3D57MCZL/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:41.234247+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:41.234247+00:00"}