{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:2DK4YSBAHUOXSSNLIHLL56YLLW","short_pith_number":"pith:2DK4YSBA","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1212.1683","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2012-12-07T19:03:53Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE"],"title_canon_sha256":"e2c4aeed523b83159802c7d57405dd921f804a40bfc2170efd26bbeeb6aa75b1","abstract_canon_sha256":"ba99f3c590617c956bb51c9305f1e9c50a4e01a867a6c33d4243a60f41cc02cd"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d0d5cc48203d1d7949ab41d6befb0b5d86fda39407b96cd8660df866d181c7c6","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1212.1683","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1212.1683","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1212.1683v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1212.1683","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2DK4YSBAHUOX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2DK4YSBAHUOXSSNL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2DK4YSBA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:50Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:2DK4YSBAHUOXSSNLIHLL56YLLW","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1212.1683","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2012-12-07T19:03:53Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE"],"title_canon_sha256":"e2c4aeed523b83159802c7d57405dd921f804a40bfc2170efd26bbeeb6aa75b1","abstract_canon_sha256":"ba99f3c590617c956bb51c9305f1e9c50a4e01a867a6c33d4243a60f41cc02cd"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d0d5cc48203d1d7949ab41d6befb0b5d86fda39407b96cd8660df866d181c7c6","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:46.405650Z","signature_b64":"GBIvaWnrif48BL9J/NqQdeDe/0/FgH52LeYc1I0dwoTty3jCQQTnDe27Vs3RNmHR0yVXTGXN/uypZWMmCRV2BA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d0d5cc48203d1d7949ab41d6befb0b5d86fda39407b96cd8660df866d181c7c6","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:46.404974Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:46.404974Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1212.1683","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"tEkLXN52JGmJM2Tbz/wAgMi9xxZU4mkC1p2TcHujrJEbf+Z3MH8hEfaeaONluHyJMKxyMtTghITM0L1oUuDsAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T18:52:16.129767Z"},"content_sha256":"d1508995bab4fcd39f17ccf5efcbbbc65a7fbebe23607721a6d081c9d1c2cbba","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d1508995bab4fcd39f17ccf5efcbbbc65a7fbebe23607721a6d081c9d1c2cbba"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:2DK4YSBAHUOXSSNLIHLL56YLLW","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Extragalactic Background Light from Hierarchical Galaxy Formation: Gamma-ray Attenuation up to the Epoch of Cosmic Reionization and the First Stars","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Masakazu A. R. Kobayashi (Ehime), Ryu Makiya (Kyoto), Susumu Inoue (MPIK/ICRR), Tomonori Totani (Kyoto), Yoshiyuki Inoue (KIPAC/SLAC/Stanford), Yuu Niino (NAOJ)","submitted_at":"2012-12-07T19:03:53Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present a new model of the extragalactic background light (EBL) and corresponding gamma-gamma opacity for intergalactic gamma-ray absorption from z = 0 up to z = 10, based on a semi-analytical model of hierarchical galaxy formation that reproduces key observed properties of galaxies at various redshifts. Including the potential contribution from Population III stars and following the cosmic reionization history in a simplified way, the model is also broadly consistent with available data concerning reionization, particularly the Thomson scattering optical depth constraints from WMAP. In com"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1212.1683","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"jZ1tY7rSAkZE4KeKORflrwB0XlCH5q4yO6u6AUbY81G/rnToW10C1F6XqEAWy/iPkgJqyxhZUBZBbhTZ7ITnBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T18:52:16.130155Z"},"content_sha256":"71cf9d0d90b212c4953f9aa7e9ba570dd465ad92e841ac3457efeee912f218dc","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:71cf9d0d90b212c4953f9aa7e9ba570dd465ad92e841ac3457efeee912f218dc"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2DK4YSBAHUOXSSNLIHLL56YLLW/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2DK4YSBAHUOXSSNLIHLL56YLLW/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2DK4YSBAHUOXSSNLIHLL56YLLW/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-25T18:52:16Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/2DK4YSBAHUOXSSNLIHLL56YLLW","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/2DK4YSBAHUOXSSNLIHLL56YLLW/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/2DK4YSBAHUOXSSNLIHLL56YLLW/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2DK4YSBAHUOXSSNLIHLL56YLLW/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:2DK4YSBAHUOXSSNLIHLL56YLLW","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ba99f3c590617c956bb51c9305f1e9c50a4e01a867a6c33d4243a60f41cc02cd","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2012-12-07T19:03:53Z","title_canon_sha256":"e2c4aeed523b83159802c7d57405dd921f804a40bfc2170efd26bbeeb6aa75b1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1212.1683","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1212.1683","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1212.1683v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1212.1683","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2DK4YSBAHUOX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2DK4YSBAHUOXSSNL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2DK4YSBA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:50Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:71cf9d0d90b212c4953f9aa7e9ba570dd465ad92e841ac3457efeee912f218dc","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We present a new model of the extragalactic background light (EBL) and corresponding gamma-gamma opacity for intergalactic gamma-ray absorption from z = 0 up to z = 10, based on a semi-analytical model of hierarchical galaxy formation that reproduces key observed properties of galaxies at various redshifts. Including the potential contribution from Population III stars and following the cosmic reionization history in a simplified way, the model is also broadly consistent with available data concerning reionization, particularly the Thomson scattering optical depth constraints from WMAP. In com","authors_text":"Masakazu A. R. Kobayashi (Ehime), Ryu Makiya (Kyoto), Susumu Inoue (MPIK/ICRR), Tomonori Totani (Kyoto), Yoshiyuki Inoue (KIPAC/SLAC/Stanford), Yuu Niino (NAOJ)","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2012-12-07T19:03:53Z","title":"Extragalactic Background Light from Hierarchical Galaxy Formation: Gamma-ray Attenuation up to the Epoch of Cosmic Reionization and the First Stars"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1212.1683","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d1508995bab4fcd39f17ccf5efcbbbc65a7fbebe23607721a6d081c9d1c2cbba","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ba99f3c590617c956bb51c9305f1e9c50a4e01a867a6c33d4243a60f41cc02cd","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2012-12-07T19:03:53Z","title_canon_sha256":"e2c4aeed523b83159802c7d57405dd921f804a40bfc2170efd26bbeeb6aa75b1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1212.1683","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"d0d5cc48203d1d7949ab41d6befb0b5d86fda39407b96cd8660df866d181c7c6","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d0d5cc48203d1d7949ab41d6befb0b5d86fda39407b96cd8660df866d181c7c6","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:46.404974Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:46.404974Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"GBIvaWnrif48BL9J/NqQdeDe/0/FgH52LeYc1I0dwoTty3jCQQTnDe27Vs3RNmHR0yVXTGXN/uypZWMmCRV2BA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:46.405650Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1212.1683","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d1508995bab4fcd39f17ccf5efcbbbc65a7fbebe23607721a6d081c9d1c2cbba","sha256:71cf9d0d90b212c4953f9aa7e9ba570dd465ad92e841ac3457efeee912f218dc"],"state_sha256":"71282090c784b24fedfe22d11bf5bbecd644861185f9e2357ae059f34de5b3c9"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"t7TC3aGD54L+iuIwa18CVYcuiXY+uYmH1pbcOlNAkQqkk1pW9gMLDkJMnXchV75rQ9W6bhoBAur7NQCkANf+DA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T18:52:16.133688Z","bundle_sha256":"52b96a0ae0cf8d2eb9f524f367f7425fa869168fae9782f47a2f15e59697ed8e"}}