{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:2DWA5Z7Q47LUP5DJYAYXGNM2VJ","short_pith_number":"pith:2DWA5Z7Q","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1803.07745","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2018-03-21T04:26:08Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"75349a6d6e3f82e9abf0767b591ceee219eb2287df21e5c0cf63013baa86d963","abstract_canon_sha256":"a11efc6dc47e82ef67341c4c1072106694ffff4d96ad74acb5668975ad8a66e6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d0ec0ee7f0e7d747f469c03173359aaa4a58912af37349a52ae180c8dc99ec04","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1803.07745","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1803.07745","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1803.07745v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1803.07745","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2DWA5Z7Q47LU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2DWA5Z7Q47LUP5DJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2DWA5Z7Q","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:59Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:2DWA5Z7Q47LUP5DJYAYXGNM2VJ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1803.07745","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2018-03-21T04:26:08Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"75349a6d6e3f82e9abf0767b591ceee219eb2287df21e5c0cf63013baa86d963","abstract_canon_sha256":"a11efc6dc47e82ef67341c4c1072106694ffff4d96ad74acb5668975ad8a66e6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d0ec0ee7f0e7d747f469c03173359aaa4a58912af37349a52ae180c8dc99ec04","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:20.182646Z","signature_b64":"iqPr0sNbxKzYu4Eu6SWuhq8Vxdp7ZzadcEDhNH4wWfSGKa8rHgUuDRnMu73wBmqZvDtTV7C1DOHpI4CAYVtyAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d0ec0ee7f0e7d747f469c03173359aaa4a58912af37349a52ae180c8dc99ec04","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:20.182126Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:20.182126Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1803.07745","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"BAYclrUvo8hTstN4UrkA1n09Q5VwY2nXrfUwD4kEt3SfJ5hVPluyQJ7NR6Hum3b/ujLvw3Fz8P/xYrDhhiVcAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T00:34:12.683189Z"},"content_sha256":"1ebe64ec06e34f3193d34c832ea1201b7443c4f7314e20e36fccea41876195b6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1ebe64ec06e34f3193d34c832ea1201b7443c4f7314e20e36fccea41876195b6"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:2DWA5Z7Q47LUP5DJYAYXGNM2VJ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Formation of S0s via disc accretion around high-redshift compact ellipticals","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"Duncan A. Forbes, J.D. Diaz, Kenji Bekki, Michael J. Drinkwater, Simon Deeley, Warrick J. Couch","submitted_at":"2018-03-21T04:26:08Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present hydrodynamical N-body models which demonstrate that elliptical galaxies can transform into S0s by acquiring a disc. In particular, we show that the merger with a massive gas-rich satellite can lead to the formation of a baryonic disc around an elliptical. We model the elliptical as a massive, compact galaxy which could be observed as a 'red nugget' in the high-z universe. This scenario contrasts with existing S0 formation scenarios in the literature in two important ways. First, the progenitor is an elliptical galaxy whereas scenarios in the literature typically assume a spiral prog"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1803.07745","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"2Fp7om+cXWThzhcw8IOTbBdQuUa8ehOTeRWPBf8mXLksueNhfO4xJolv5QblbPqRL2nAIHQKEqihtn62Af9eDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T00:34:12.683768Z"},"content_sha256":"3301ce83d25ea976ff115afab40d3f22f3f0161cdd2f7bee70cede283d72d58d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3301ce83d25ea976ff115afab40d3f22f3f0161cdd2f7bee70cede283d72d58d"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2DWA5Z7Q47LUP5DJYAYXGNM2VJ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2DWA5Z7Q47LUP5DJYAYXGNM2VJ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2DWA5Z7Q47LUP5DJYAYXGNM2VJ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-05T00:34:12Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/2DWA5Z7Q47LUP5DJYAYXGNM2VJ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/2DWA5Z7Q47LUP5DJYAYXGNM2VJ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/2DWA5Z7Q47LUP5DJYAYXGNM2VJ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2DWA5Z7Q47LUP5DJYAYXGNM2VJ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:2DWA5Z7Q47LUP5DJYAYXGNM2VJ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a11efc6dc47e82ef67341c4c1072106694ffff4d96ad74acb5668975ad8a66e6","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2018-03-21T04:26:08Z","title_canon_sha256":"75349a6d6e3f82e9abf0767b591ceee219eb2287df21e5c0cf63013baa86d963"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1803.07745","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1803.07745","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1803.07745v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1803.07745","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2DWA5Z7Q47LU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2DWA5Z7Q47LUP5DJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2DWA5Z7Q","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:59Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:3301ce83d25ea976ff115afab40d3f22f3f0161cdd2f7bee70cede283d72d58d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We present hydrodynamical N-body models which demonstrate that elliptical galaxies can transform into S0s by acquiring a disc. In particular, we show that the merger with a massive gas-rich satellite can lead to the formation of a baryonic disc around an elliptical. We model the elliptical as a massive, compact galaxy which could be observed as a 'red nugget' in the high-z universe. This scenario contrasts with existing S0 formation scenarios in the literature in two important ways. First, the progenitor is an elliptical galaxy whereas scenarios in the literature typically assume a spiral prog","authors_text":"Duncan A. Forbes, J.D. Diaz, Kenji Bekki, Michael J. Drinkwater, Simon Deeley, Warrick J. Couch","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2018-03-21T04:26:08Z","title":"Formation of S0s via disc accretion around high-redshift compact ellipticals"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1803.07745","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:1ebe64ec06e34f3193d34c832ea1201b7443c4f7314e20e36fccea41876195b6","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a11efc6dc47e82ef67341c4c1072106694ffff4d96ad74acb5668975ad8a66e6","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2018-03-21T04:26:08Z","title_canon_sha256":"75349a6d6e3f82e9abf0767b591ceee219eb2287df21e5c0cf63013baa86d963"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1803.07745","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"d0ec0ee7f0e7d747f469c03173359aaa4a58912af37349a52ae180c8dc99ec04","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d0ec0ee7f0e7d747f469c03173359aaa4a58912af37349a52ae180c8dc99ec04","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:20.182126Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:20.182126Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"iqPr0sNbxKzYu4Eu6SWuhq8Vxdp7ZzadcEDhNH4wWfSGKa8rHgUuDRnMu73wBmqZvDtTV7C1DOHpI4CAYVtyAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:20.182646Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1803.07745","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:1ebe64ec06e34f3193d34c832ea1201b7443c4f7314e20e36fccea41876195b6","sha256:3301ce83d25ea976ff115afab40d3f22f3f0161cdd2f7bee70cede283d72d58d"],"state_sha256":"8295507d5d279dd2bd97380f85b0f3255d700f952e0fc8f822ca2ae2b894ad21"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"euZeJ4nqtTO9Kw5ZmToQd49nweAyIwPAUzOST9mN1dtGKFhnv+zICo5Vp3oXOHdqJf48xwx4zH87Ni1uQ124Cg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T00:34:12.687671Z","bundle_sha256":"97613a28bb432b18624eaec755317816768fc7cc0893bcfedb27d0e8367f11e8"}}