{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:2FOQQFGH27NNCFNO5RPHZVG7L7","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4bc08f4fbd83ecede1f856260602d951b2e85546913376ac890fb9265d35ecec","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IR","submitted_at":"2019-05-05T22:16:08Z","title_canon_sha256":"6dff612f622fc9eafb878ea43a3262fa341e4ec3ad2f280c9ba74310992b240c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1905.01758","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1905.01758","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1905.01758v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1905.01758","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2FOQQFGH27NN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2FOQQFGH27NNCFNO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2FOQQFGH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:07Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:d42898842888f2fa845785e18516787c2062be2807f61243152a98ed7b3762d4","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) model has recently advanced the state-of-the-art in passage re-ranking. In this paper, we analyze the results produced by a fine-tuned BERT model to better understand the reasons behind such substantial improvements. To this aim, we focus on the MS MARCO passage re-ranking dataset and provide potential reasons for the successes and failures of BERT for retrieval. In more detail, we empirically study a set of hypotheses and provide additional analysis to explain the successful performance of BERT.","authors_text":"Hamed Zamani, Harshith Padigela, W. Bruce Croft","cross_cats":["cs.CL"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IR","submitted_at":"2019-05-05T22:16:08Z","title":"Investigating the Successes and Failures of BERT for Passage Re-Ranking"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1905.01758","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:3c252ab6857e88cbe7e310a56af3c83898641ff96882a1d83777bdb4d2907236","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4bc08f4fbd83ecede1f856260602d951b2e85546913376ac890fb9265d35ecec","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IR","submitted_at":"2019-05-05T22:16:08Z","title_canon_sha256":"6dff612f622fc9eafb878ea43a3262fa341e4ec3ad2f280c9ba74310992b240c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1905.01758","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"d15d0814c7d7dad115aeec5e7cd4df5fcfd7f1b84e9dad40792ad6d8aec5c225","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d15d0814c7d7dad115aeec5e7cd4df5fcfd7f1b84e9dad40792ad6d8aec5c225","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:57.525095Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:57.525095Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"U+3tH5UIR/BlyP8GVeL3vNf07eHyIP5H8v4q3ZYFPh9sxyDDmhdalPFrT6RFnMnGEr3KlI4ws3kK9etHO050BQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:57.525739Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1905.01758","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:3c252ab6857e88cbe7e310a56af3c83898641ff96882a1d83777bdb4d2907236","sha256:d42898842888f2fa845785e18516787c2062be2807f61243152a98ed7b3762d4"],"state_sha256":"799923584034c52e464ca0a32e6ead3ee15ccf87f189931808c805ab86603a60"}