{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:2GDEUEXCJGZNOWL35JLBYKYWDQ","short_pith_number":"pith:2GDEUEXC","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2411.15075","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2024-11-22T17:07:29Z","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ME"],"title_canon_sha256":"32176b8f528207646844fc32def295ddf8a853136e5dd0930a5e896635005647","abstract_canon_sha256":"6c9649c2b2b4ed482c41668c57cf78d994292560e468c228cb59d390b263f6a7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d1864a12e249b2d7597bea561c2b161c2d21615ad5088f77ebfd0a7ee8621820","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2411.15075","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2411.15075","created_at":"2026-06-04T01:08:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2411.15075v1","created_at":"2026-06-04T01:08:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2411.15075","created_at":"2026-06-04T01:08:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2GDEUEXCJGZN","created_at":"2026-06-04T01:08:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2GDEUEXCJGZNOWL3","created_at":"2026-06-04T01:08:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2GDEUEXC","created_at":"2026-06-04T01:08:26Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:2GDEUEXCJGZNOWL35JLBYKYWDQ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2411.15075","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2024-11-22T17:07:29Z","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ME"],"title_canon_sha256":"32176b8f528207646844fc32def295ddf8a853136e5dd0930a5e896635005647","abstract_canon_sha256":"6c9649c2b2b4ed482c41668c57cf78d994292560e468c228cb59d390b263f6a7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d1864a12e249b2d7597bea561c2b161c2d21615ad5088f77ebfd0a7ee8621820","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-06-04T01:08:26.778017Z","signature_b64":"g+j/EfydD3WlfshsPEjWTrBBvcLK7LXdg2dKQVhXuCJu9LUKczdE1BOUTKU2WuPbZL2ALFPxbSdDqBWQ+f49Dg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d1864a12e249b2d7597bea561c2b161c2d21615ad5088f77ebfd0a7ee8621820","last_reissued_at":"2026-06-04T01:08:26.777230Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-06-04T01:08:26.777230Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2411.15075","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-06-04T01:08:26Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"cQRpkk7I9jzX0FCWg44cYgwBJFpTSRQQtCZgKEBankqN5t4qI5Nsf46elysOhGVW1xuOZbPKqj9R/otqt+hjCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T18:19:59.479637Z"},"content_sha256":"92d85a5157c9fa34e748936221856413cded9c548d95d4d4905f09b3109cf2f6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:92d85a5157c9fa34e748936221856413cded9c548d95d4d4905f09b3109cf2f6"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:2GDEUEXCJGZNOWL35JLBYKYWDQ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The Effects of Major League Baseball's Ban on Infield Shifts: A Quasi-Experimental Analysis","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["stat.ME"],"primary_cat":"stat.AP","authors_text":"Lee Kennedy-Shaffer","submitted_at":"2024-11-22T17:07:29Z","abstract_excerpt":"From 2020 to 2023, Major League Baseball changed rules affecting team composition, player positioning, and game time. Understanding the effects of these rules is crucial for leagues, teams, players, and other relevant parties to assess their impact and to advocate either for further changes or undoing previous ones. Panel data and quasi-experimental methods provide useful tools for causal inference in these settings. I demonstrate this potential by analyzing the effect of the 2023 shift ban at both the league-wide and player-specific levels. Using difference-in-differences analysis, I show tha"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2411.15075","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2411.15075/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-06-04T01:08:26Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"VCtTyLyYn7lhShv5cgxGDpIv/1PDYg2Ya8H6vJcn3fcTeqwuzTSOvxkY2cybO6mVz6qK4UMNAgA8yOFjBNRtBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T18:19:59.480326Z"},"content_sha256":"b5c30cb70f8f5e8de56a55439ed54dc355fc24de9de4e843faf87ac6f818b751","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b5c30cb70f8f5e8de56a55439ed54dc355fc24de9de4e843faf87ac6f818b751"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2GDEUEXCJGZNOWL35JLBYKYWDQ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2GDEUEXCJGZNOWL35JLBYKYWDQ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2GDEUEXCJGZNOWL35JLBYKYWDQ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-04T18:19:59Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/2GDEUEXCJGZNOWL35JLBYKYWDQ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/2GDEUEXCJGZNOWL35JLBYKYWDQ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/2GDEUEXCJGZNOWL35JLBYKYWDQ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2GDEUEXCJGZNOWL35JLBYKYWDQ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:2GDEUEXCJGZNOWL35JLBYKYWDQ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6c9649c2b2b4ed482c41668c57cf78d994292560e468c228cb59d390b263f6a7","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ME"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2024-11-22T17:07:29Z","title_canon_sha256":"32176b8f528207646844fc32def295ddf8a853136e5dd0930a5e896635005647"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2411.15075","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2411.15075","created_at":"2026-06-04T01:08:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2411.15075v1","created_at":"2026-06-04T01:08:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2411.15075","created_at":"2026-06-04T01:08:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2GDEUEXCJGZN","created_at":"2026-06-04T01:08:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2GDEUEXCJGZNOWL3","created_at":"2026-06-04T01:08:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2GDEUEXC","created_at":"2026-06-04T01:08:26Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b5c30cb70f8f5e8de56a55439ed54dc355fc24de9de4e843faf87ac6f818b751","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-06-04T01:08:26Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2411.15075/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"From 2020 to 2023, Major League Baseball changed rules affecting team composition, player positioning, and game time. Understanding the effects of these rules is crucial for leagues, teams, players, and other relevant parties to assess their impact and to advocate either for further changes or undoing previous ones. Panel data and quasi-experimental methods provide useful tools for causal inference in these settings. I demonstrate this potential by analyzing the effect of the 2023 shift ban at both the league-wide and player-specific levels. Using difference-in-differences analysis, I show tha","authors_text":"Lee Kennedy-Shaffer","cross_cats":["stat.ME"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2024-11-22T17:07:29Z","title":"The Effects of Major League Baseball's Ban on Infield Shifts: A Quasi-Experimental Analysis"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2411.15075","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:92d85a5157c9fa34e748936221856413cded9c548d95d4d4905f09b3109cf2f6","target":"record","created_at":"2026-06-04T01:08:26Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6c9649c2b2b4ed482c41668c57cf78d994292560e468c228cb59d390b263f6a7","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ME"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2024-11-22T17:07:29Z","title_canon_sha256":"32176b8f528207646844fc32def295ddf8a853136e5dd0930a5e896635005647"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2411.15075","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"d1864a12e249b2d7597bea561c2b161c2d21615ad5088f77ebfd0a7ee8621820","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d1864a12e249b2d7597bea561c2b161c2d21615ad5088f77ebfd0a7ee8621820","first_computed_at":"2026-06-04T01:08:26.777230Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-06-04T01:08:26.777230Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"g+j/EfydD3WlfshsPEjWTrBBvcLK7LXdg2dKQVhXuCJu9LUKczdE1BOUTKU2WuPbZL2ALFPxbSdDqBWQ+f49Dg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-06-04T01:08:26.778017Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2411.15075","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:92d85a5157c9fa34e748936221856413cded9c548d95d4d4905f09b3109cf2f6","sha256:b5c30cb70f8f5e8de56a55439ed54dc355fc24de9de4e843faf87ac6f818b751"],"state_sha256":"8389e705d67a427ba6e4bff5e3fb87b04a4bee114d5c198af6b6cff5d67cf8ec"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7J3j0dyNsTpK0SNwcRuEivfAo7o9JsZwyLIXEpGRgz5ilBq11F4PlFPmg5YY3u4yndZhUBTfMGLWDFlhzo/sDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T18:19:59.485059Z","bundle_sha256":"2cb719c14b70b6bed49f04bfd391bd3b7aed773138dfa1e6e852a05b92fa6f96"}}