{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:2GKY3KRHBE2NYV6QLMYWAEPECM","short_pith_number":"pith:2GKY3KRH","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1808.09831","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2018-08-29T13:53:29Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"29ba9a0e98767202ac94e7bf9327958ccb799e8b0d5988799131694b7b012e2b","abstract_canon_sha256":"c8ab111be6779266f42e7be6fcc4cf079f92edfc603d757a0b6cb4a3138488aa"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d1958daa270934dc57d05b316011e413366915c95c29cee33c0042a726a92279","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1808.09831","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1808.09831","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1808.09831v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1808.09831","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2GKY3KRHBE2N","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2GKY3KRHBE2NYV6Q","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2GKY3KRH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:02Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:2GKY3KRHBE2NYV6QLMYWAEPECM","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1808.09831","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2018-08-29T13:53:29Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"29ba9a0e98767202ac94e7bf9327958ccb799e8b0d5988799131694b7b012e2b","abstract_canon_sha256":"c8ab111be6779266f42e7be6fcc4cf079f92edfc603d757a0b6cb4a3138488aa"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d1958daa270934dc57d05b316011e413366915c95c29cee33c0042a726a92279","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:54.333149Z","signature_b64":"aS3q57YC8tu56LZDzif93mgcCrXlzx+KmhjZ9N8xgNk1v537vlOiWrqgrnmrfai1Qn8vn5IcljJV28KzBwbSBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d1958daa270934dc57d05b316011e413366915c95c29cee33c0042a726a92279","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:54.332591Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:54.332591Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1808.09831","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:54Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"2xX+4QSpVtXc2mT2e7RohpCYFt+E81Ixe+lY1r1ILlXf0EvycU7U2aXzIXZ9xz3m/q91VtscdH+3uR/ma+47Bg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T22:27:44.721906Z"},"content_sha256":"de331a497cc8cb39b560188806b13030483993a156c1ca9a315e35b9a02c5f92","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:de331a497cc8cb39b560188806b13030483993a156c1ca9a315e35b9a02c5f92"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:2GKY3KRHBE2NYV6QLMYWAEPECM","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Estimation of income inequality from grouped data","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"stat.AP","authors_text":"Jos\\'e Mar\\'ia Sarabia, Markus J\\\"antti, Vanesa Jorda","submitted_at":"2018-08-29T13:53:29Z","abstract_excerpt":"Grouped data in form of income shares have been conventionally used to estimate income inequality due to the lack of availability of individual records. Most prior research on economic inequality relies on lower bounds of inequality measures in order to avoid the need to impose a parametric functional form to describe the income distribution. These estimates neglect income differences within shares, introducing, therefore, a potential source of measurement error. The aim of this paper is to explore a nuanced alternative to estimate income inequality, which leads to a reliable representation of"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1808.09831","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:54Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"DTD4GPKoKaG19Hss/JP0rou1pVp6RBFtejtmY7nKk9RLWO8OvgEGmzbMRBBTckFTwrL2zMYiG6pkTC32JHQCAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T22:27:44.722546Z"},"content_sha256":"96e865ba27ba5aa110bf0cf76b12e88f8e5507d14ca9b570b5ed839278f6722a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:96e865ba27ba5aa110bf0cf76b12e88f8e5507d14ca9b570b5ed839278f6722a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2GKY3KRHBE2NYV6QLMYWAEPECM/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2GKY3KRHBE2NYV6QLMYWAEPECM/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2GKY3KRHBE2NYV6QLMYWAEPECM/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-31T22:27:44Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/2GKY3KRHBE2NYV6QLMYWAEPECM","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/2GKY3KRHBE2NYV6QLMYWAEPECM/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/2GKY3KRHBE2NYV6QLMYWAEPECM/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2GKY3KRHBE2NYV6QLMYWAEPECM/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:2GKY3KRHBE2NYV6QLMYWAEPECM","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c8ab111be6779266f42e7be6fcc4cf079f92edfc603d757a0b6cb4a3138488aa","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2018-08-29T13:53:29Z","title_canon_sha256":"29ba9a0e98767202ac94e7bf9327958ccb799e8b0d5988799131694b7b012e2b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1808.09831","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1808.09831","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1808.09831v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1808.09831","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2GKY3KRHBE2N","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2GKY3KRHBE2NYV6Q","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2GKY3KRH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:02Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:96e865ba27ba5aa110bf0cf76b12e88f8e5507d14ca9b570b5ed839278f6722a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Grouped data in form of income shares have been conventionally used to estimate income inequality due to the lack of availability of individual records. Most prior research on economic inequality relies on lower bounds of inequality measures in order to avoid the need to impose a parametric functional form to describe the income distribution. These estimates neglect income differences within shares, introducing, therefore, a potential source of measurement error. The aim of this paper is to explore a nuanced alternative to estimate income inequality, which leads to a reliable representation of","authors_text":"Jos\\'e Mar\\'ia Sarabia, Markus J\\\"antti, Vanesa Jorda","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2018-08-29T13:53:29Z","title":"Estimation of income inequality from grouped data"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1808.09831","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:de331a497cc8cb39b560188806b13030483993a156c1ca9a315e35b9a02c5f92","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c8ab111be6779266f42e7be6fcc4cf079f92edfc603d757a0b6cb4a3138488aa","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2018-08-29T13:53:29Z","title_canon_sha256":"29ba9a0e98767202ac94e7bf9327958ccb799e8b0d5988799131694b7b012e2b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1808.09831","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"d1958daa270934dc57d05b316011e413366915c95c29cee33c0042a726a92279","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d1958daa270934dc57d05b316011e413366915c95c29cee33c0042a726a92279","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:54.332591Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:54.332591Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"aS3q57YC8tu56LZDzif93mgcCrXlzx+KmhjZ9N8xgNk1v537vlOiWrqgrnmrfai1Qn8vn5IcljJV28KzBwbSBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:54.333149Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1808.09831","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:de331a497cc8cb39b560188806b13030483993a156c1ca9a315e35b9a02c5f92","sha256:96e865ba27ba5aa110bf0cf76b12e88f8e5507d14ca9b570b5ed839278f6722a"],"state_sha256":"07ca3888716aad2777f5de76011df3a2277b8533a13df94a7afb39253fa445ab"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xVA/CjF1YoNZxMHJkPdhA0SzGGJGgTQ9bQwX08/DQmGQFwrAifpxJlKeHOvsMZ8tbVwvmE8he9c0lwCBEyiXDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T22:27:44.725281Z","bundle_sha256":"c82f8fb0783b91fd34aae23f5ad47d004bbce636d14d5d26cd773fe979606df2"}}