{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:2GNKHFIEQJDC4KDX5FWTYNDH2L","short_pith_number":"pith:2GNKHFIE","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1209.3938","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2012-09-18T12:54:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.plasm-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"5344b1fba957aa87ed180e448ff1077687a03153d738bd6fff1a0b533554546a","abstract_canon_sha256":"084ff66122934905a16e6beee845b9266a17914c8f896794073e23aab7a435b3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d19aa3950482462e2877e96d3c3467d2e6b7fc212f6dcd9cdcfdb35ae908c321","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1209.3938","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1209.3938","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:54:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1209.3938v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:54:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1209.3938","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:54:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2GNKHFIEQJDC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2GNKHFIEQJDC4KDX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2GNKHFIE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:50Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:2GNKHFIEQJDC4KDX5FWTYNDH2L","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1209.3938","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2012-09-18T12:54:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.plasm-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"5344b1fba957aa87ed180e448ff1077687a03153d738bd6fff1a0b533554546a","abstract_canon_sha256":"084ff66122934905a16e6beee845b9266a17914c8f896794073e23aab7a435b3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d19aa3950482462e2877e96d3c3467d2e6b7fc212f6dcd9cdcfdb35ae908c321","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:54:26.848720Z","signature_b64":"2xUsNX9Ue5MAnXGF6KsJBVm5iXSgnHXnCm+VXohbP/GiV82PhXnQ0VDfy8eR10kjNkJsrE13vLzBmRBoRYt9AQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d19aa3950482462e2877e96d3c3467d2e6b7fc212f6dcd9cdcfdb35ae908c321","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:54:26.848179Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:54:26.848179Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1209.3938","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:54:26Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"u4CpqRRL+xoaj5f20ETn9HBskSJXezF8GRNrxnmVEcGs7NSwMySkXaISiCV15uRDcc54avNcMDVWCAGcUopdBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T04:15:30.646856Z"},"content_sha256":"47bddcf1d73ed426893122047634795ba1762cc41d5235c56ba0376c7aeb1a5d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:47bddcf1d73ed426893122047634795ba1762cc41d5235c56ba0376c7aeb1a5d"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:2GNKHFIEQJDC4KDX5FWTYNDH2L","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Nonrelativistic parallel shocks in unmagnetized and weakly magnetized plasmas","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.plasm-ph"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"Antoine Bret, Jacek Niemiec, Martin Pohl, Volkmar Wieland","submitted_at":"2012-09-18T12:54:11Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present results of 2D3V particle-in-cell simulations of non-relativistic plasma collisions with absent or parallel large-scale magnetic field for parameters applicable to the conditions at young supernova remnants. We study the collision of plasma slabs of different density, leading to two different shocks and a contact discontinuity. Electron dynamics play an important role in the development of the system. While non-relativistic shocks in both unmagnetized and magnetized plasmas can be mediated by Weibel-type instabilities, the efficiency of shock-formation processes is higher when a larg"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1209.3938","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:54:26Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6S5krSTcLP6qMqbFF7jeGOXCAMjF0Dn6wG6TfEUxrGsOUBJuysoCD+2LU2Z9opBBaqBURHac3Cz52/XL7WqiAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T04:15:30.647199Z"},"content_sha256":"b7537a7226fe2673c5d7dfd866ebdc2dea64a29f9c273814f6398823ec7c8954","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b7537a7226fe2673c5d7dfd866ebdc2dea64a29f9c273814f6398823ec7c8954"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2GNKHFIEQJDC4KDX5FWTYNDH2L/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2GNKHFIEQJDC4KDX5FWTYNDH2L/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2GNKHFIEQJDC4KDX5FWTYNDH2L/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-02T04:15:30Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/2GNKHFIEQJDC4KDX5FWTYNDH2L","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/2GNKHFIEQJDC4KDX5FWTYNDH2L/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/2GNKHFIEQJDC4KDX5FWTYNDH2L/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2GNKHFIEQJDC4KDX5FWTYNDH2L/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:2GNKHFIEQJDC4KDX5FWTYNDH2L","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"084ff66122934905a16e6beee845b9266a17914c8f896794073e23aab7a435b3","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.plasm-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2012-09-18T12:54:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"5344b1fba957aa87ed180e448ff1077687a03153d738bd6fff1a0b533554546a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1209.3938","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1209.3938","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:54:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1209.3938v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:54:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1209.3938","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:54:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2GNKHFIEQJDC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2GNKHFIEQJDC4KDX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2GNKHFIE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:50Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b7537a7226fe2673c5d7dfd866ebdc2dea64a29f9c273814f6398823ec7c8954","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:54:26Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We present results of 2D3V particle-in-cell simulations of non-relativistic plasma collisions with absent or parallel large-scale magnetic field for parameters applicable to the conditions at young supernova remnants. We study the collision of plasma slabs of different density, leading to two different shocks and a contact discontinuity. Electron dynamics play an important role in the development of the system. While non-relativistic shocks in both unmagnetized and magnetized plasmas can be mediated by Weibel-type instabilities, the efficiency of shock-formation processes is higher when a larg","authors_text":"Antoine Bret, Jacek Niemiec, Martin Pohl, Volkmar Wieland","cross_cats":["physics.plasm-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2012-09-18T12:54:11Z","title":"Nonrelativistic parallel shocks in unmagnetized and weakly magnetized plasmas"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1209.3938","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:47bddcf1d73ed426893122047634795ba1762cc41d5235c56ba0376c7aeb1a5d","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:54:26Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"084ff66122934905a16e6beee845b9266a17914c8f896794073e23aab7a435b3","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.plasm-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2012-09-18T12:54:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"5344b1fba957aa87ed180e448ff1077687a03153d738bd6fff1a0b533554546a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1209.3938","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"d19aa3950482462e2877e96d3c3467d2e6b7fc212f6dcd9cdcfdb35ae908c321","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d19aa3950482462e2877e96d3c3467d2e6b7fc212f6dcd9cdcfdb35ae908c321","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:54:26.848179Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:54:26.848179Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"2xUsNX9Ue5MAnXGF6KsJBVm5iXSgnHXnCm+VXohbP/GiV82PhXnQ0VDfy8eR10kjNkJsrE13vLzBmRBoRYt9AQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:54:26.848720Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1209.3938","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:47bddcf1d73ed426893122047634795ba1762cc41d5235c56ba0376c7aeb1a5d","sha256:b7537a7226fe2673c5d7dfd866ebdc2dea64a29f9c273814f6398823ec7c8954"],"state_sha256":"d9aad82aed6b49daa7e388596da876c99557b59acb1e367f2f760a0eaf7830a9"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vvntAL5ij5CM5aendtU+e+O29VCq/AKRXdv2o1Bewy83fVhOF539On/Xbm7EGK4QHTgO7EyYjyfd2jMhIloLAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T04:15:30.649123Z","bundle_sha256":"1a30914d39c26ef54faf0436d81a287ed0886adee1738a54dffd7912aa35a55c"}}