{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:2H5JQMRSMWZFAD6WHJUAV54JAB","short_pith_number":"pith:2H5JQMRS","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1105.0819","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2011-04-30T10:09:03Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.soc-ph","q-fin.GN"],"title_canon_sha256":"81e998b1584f28143e0901f3ed1e0ab424a368f60c8f10914806c187b382a8e6","abstract_canon_sha256":"d4bfce65e5270a074e213f3066eb47e6d9bcd5267f4f99e07bd36255fefc8c8e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d1fa98323265b2500fd63a680af789006aeed178a016cae1160f41e2744fa071","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1105.0819","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1105.0819","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:02:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1105.0819v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:02:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1105.0819","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:02:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2H5JQMRSMWZF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2H5JQMRSMWZFAD6W","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2H5JQMRS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:18Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2011:2H5JQMRSMWZFAD6WHJUAV54JAB","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1105.0819","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2011-04-30T10:09:03Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.soc-ph","q-fin.GN"],"title_canon_sha256":"81e998b1584f28143e0901f3ed1e0ab424a368f60c8f10914806c187b382a8e6","abstract_canon_sha256":"d4bfce65e5270a074e213f3066eb47e6d9bcd5267f4f99e07bd36255fefc8c8e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d1fa98323265b2500fd63a680af789006aeed178a016cae1160f41e2744fa071","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:02:08.926557Z","signature_b64":"XOzXO3MY5dfm5oJyJFst5yMoYcFpmVDJr9IcxrUduG35GC/SkBE2KadjOLw3C1g1q0Ru24o1WrKUMsWa5dQABw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d1fa98323265b2500fd63a680af789006aeed178a016cae1160f41e2744fa071","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:02:08.925824Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:02:08.925824Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1105.0819","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:02:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"PaFLCpjb4JUbgf0F4BnT1cTgcnLKZigzE2jJ2ykJ2NEwr5uqxQg1frzdTG/c8W00NLr3fUzDIAF0oqToJ+/CBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T11:31:32.825207Z"},"content_sha256":"b8b5861d23fa4297d8924aa914e6834ce7af5f452e8033151fab09a90768bdc6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b8b5861d23fa4297d8924aa914e6834ce7af5f452e8033151fab09a90768bdc6"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2011:2H5JQMRSMWZFAD6WHJUAV54JAB","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Equilibrium strategy and population-size effects in lowest unique bid auctions","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.soc-ph","q-fin.GN"],"primary_cat":"cs.GT","authors_text":"Gorm Galster, Jeppe Juul, Pierpaolo Vivo, Sebastian Bernhardsson, Simone Pigolotti","submitted_at":"2011-04-30T10:09:03Z","abstract_excerpt":"In lowest unique bid auctions, $N$ players bid for an item. The winner is whoever places the \\emph{lowest} bid, provided that it is also unique. We use a grand canonical approach to derive an analytical expression for the equilibrium distribution of strategies. We then study the properties of the solution as a function of the mean number of players, and compare them with a large dataset of internet auctions. The theory agrees with the data with striking accuracy for small population size $N$, while for larger $N$ a qualitatively different distribution is observed. We interpret this result as t"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1105.0819","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:02:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"u+BlFltp1AV5Ro0aR2SydxkqGGS9Ys9lubS8C6c8ctew21T2EzFeJRsrgwIO8HFCiCcruuZOk9MVEUev1o2fCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T11:31:32.825576Z"},"content_sha256":"051f105cdd3f626f4fca6ad8a6a439aaf86d08ff63b69dbfd1b0109f903480be","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:051f105cdd3f626f4fca6ad8a6a439aaf86d08ff63b69dbfd1b0109f903480be"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2H5JQMRSMWZFAD6WHJUAV54JAB/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2H5JQMRSMWZFAD6WHJUAV54JAB/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2H5JQMRSMWZFAD6WHJUAV54JAB/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-28T11:31:32Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/2H5JQMRSMWZFAD6WHJUAV54JAB","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/2H5JQMRSMWZFAD6WHJUAV54JAB/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/2H5JQMRSMWZFAD6WHJUAV54JAB/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2H5JQMRSMWZFAD6WHJUAV54JAB/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:2H5JQMRSMWZFAD6WHJUAV54JAB","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d4bfce65e5270a074e213f3066eb47e6d9bcd5267f4f99e07bd36255fefc8c8e","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.soc-ph","q-fin.GN"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2011-04-30T10:09:03Z","title_canon_sha256":"81e998b1584f28143e0901f3ed1e0ab424a368f60c8f10914806c187b382a8e6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1105.0819","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1105.0819","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:02:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1105.0819v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:02:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1105.0819","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:02:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2H5JQMRSMWZF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2H5JQMRSMWZFAD6W","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2H5JQMRS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:18Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:051f105cdd3f626f4fca6ad8a6a439aaf86d08ff63b69dbfd1b0109f903480be","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:02:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In lowest unique bid auctions, $N$ players bid for an item. The winner is whoever places the \\emph{lowest} bid, provided that it is also unique. We use a grand canonical approach to derive an analytical expression for the equilibrium distribution of strategies. We then study the properties of the solution as a function of the mean number of players, and compare them with a large dataset of internet auctions. The theory agrees with the data with striking accuracy for small population size $N$, while for larger $N$ a qualitatively different distribution is observed. We interpret this result as t","authors_text":"Gorm Galster, Jeppe Juul, Pierpaolo Vivo, Sebastian Bernhardsson, Simone Pigolotti","cross_cats":["physics.soc-ph","q-fin.GN"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2011-04-30T10:09:03Z","title":"Equilibrium strategy and population-size effects in lowest unique bid auctions"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1105.0819","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b8b5861d23fa4297d8924aa914e6834ce7af5f452e8033151fab09a90768bdc6","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:02:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d4bfce65e5270a074e213f3066eb47e6d9bcd5267f4f99e07bd36255fefc8c8e","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.soc-ph","q-fin.GN"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2011-04-30T10:09:03Z","title_canon_sha256":"81e998b1584f28143e0901f3ed1e0ab424a368f60c8f10914806c187b382a8e6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1105.0819","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"d1fa98323265b2500fd63a680af789006aeed178a016cae1160f41e2744fa071","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d1fa98323265b2500fd63a680af789006aeed178a016cae1160f41e2744fa071","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:02:08.925824Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:02:08.925824Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"XOzXO3MY5dfm5oJyJFst5yMoYcFpmVDJr9IcxrUduG35GC/SkBE2KadjOLw3C1g1q0Ru24o1WrKUMsWa5dQABw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:02:08.926557Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1105.0819","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b8b5861d23fa4297d8924aa914e6834ce7af5f452e8033151fab09a90768bdc6","sha256:051f105cdd3f626f4fca6ad8a6a439aaf86d08ff63b69dbfd1b0109f903480be"],"state_sha256":"1044d1dc7fc3c5a23023c2c931918730f7cbb198bcbc21c1274048ab75b57b8a"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"rM+TUVlpAlPnGsVs/W6WrR+Wy0yynv7OnLcVGop7Fit8/LoZZpNRp7N8TbpcSbW/eJo52aptXhJKYKPcJEfAAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T11:31:32.827553Z","bundle_sha256":"19c0efdb291e00d17140c38efad51b0e49d5e6b8456a2c158fefb7ecb854fc31"}}