{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:2HFW4ERK3JOST7EZLFNBKTMR4T","short_pith_number":"pith:2HFW4ERK","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1204.2959","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2012-04-13T11:46:37Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"7cec1732abc237b2e551a3749127bd10150fae0d9a06d8b2021eecc4917dad30","abstract_canon_sha256":"2e58a08ceb051629de32437da3a50fefa0001cb633378f83bf4c3f07b70663f8"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d1cb6e122ada5d29fc99595a154d91e4e37f99f40c5c0d80d1f4244494deeba0","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1204.2959","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1204.2959","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:57:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1204.2959v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:57:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1204.2959","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:57:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2HFW4ERK3JOS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2HFW4ERK3JOST7EZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2HFW4ERK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:50Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:2HFW4ERK3JOST7EZLFNBKTMR4T","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1204.2959","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2012-04-13T11:46:37Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"7cec1732abc237b2e551a3749127bd10150fae0d9a06d8b2021eecc4917dad30","abstract_canon_sha256":"2e58a08ceb051629de32437da3a50fefa0001cb633378f83bf4c3f07b70663f8"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d1cb6e122ada5d29fc99595a154d91e4e37f99f40c5c0d80d1f4244494deeba0","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:57:52.774381Z","signature_b64":"Je08A3vWbFv+f7yKWX8gOLTuebPR9SQTIQmQ60QD3A1EmdqEfLB0vrhEwl3PGkuwC/IKESYycKk/u83BEwa+DQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d1cb6e122ada5d29fc99595a154d91e4e37f99f40c5c0d80d1f4244494deeba0","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:57:52.773818Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:57:52.773818Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1204.2959","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:57:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"IGVKxckehYgaLvrs98+Ud3b71Mp2yTPn8sEnyyZRblwQC+mWE80E2hPyjiOtywR9IcFOgWvxrkuXs+t4xnttAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T14:22:02.830118Z"},"content_sha256":"811e5bbdace041ff519998705a2baf0eed063ad1e3bf97dca1e200e8813fa948","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:811e5bbdace041ff519998705a2baf0eed063ad1e3bf97dca1e200e8813fa948"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:2HFW4ERK3JOST7EZLFNBKTMR4T","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Dead Zones around Young Stellar Objects: FU Orionis Outbursts and Transition Discs","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","authors_text":"J. E. Pringle, Mario Livio, Rebecca G. Martin, Stephen H. Lubow","submitted_at":"2012-04-13T11:46:37Z","abstract_excerpt":"We perform global time-dependent simulations of an accretion disc around a young stellar object with a dead zone (a region where the magneto-rotational instability cannot drive turbulence because the material is not sufficiently ionised). For infall accretion rates on to the disc of around 10^-7 Msun/yr, dead zones occur if the critical magnetic Reynolds number is larger than about 10^4. We model the collapse of a molecular gas cloud. At early times when the infall accretion rate is high, the disc is thermally ionised and fully turbulent. However, as the infall accretion rate drops, a dead zon"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1204.2959","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:57:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"JwwEHUOp/CMsdovkRr47GgOUcOQwZ0IizzuuXV4ysUb/neMMQIAojVfsdzBigjVaNJ1aWFWdgAbl4GgpCABMDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T14:22:02.830485Z"},"content_sha256":"20b306f92b89bc4cd54226ddf88c9bb30ae7e5a177ab6b428706c10bf350926d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:20b306f92b89bc4cd54226ddf88c9bb30ae7e5a177ab6b428706c10bf350926d"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2HFW4ERK3JOST7EZLFNBKTMR4T/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2HFW4ERK3JOST7EZLFNBKTMR4T/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2HFW4ERK3JOST7EZLFNBKTMR4T/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-03T14:22:02Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/2HFW4ERK3JOST7EZLFNBKTMR4T","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/2HFW4ERK3JOST7EZLFNBKTMR4T/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/2HFW4ERK3JOST7EZLFNBKTMR4T/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2HFW4ERK3JOST7EZLFNBKTMR4T/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:2HFW4ERK3JOST7EZLFNBKTMR4T","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2e58a08ceb051629de32437da3a50fefa0001cb633378f83bf4c3f07b70663f8","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2012-04-13T11:46:37Z","title_canon_sha256":"7cec1732abc237b2e551a3749127bd10150fae0d9a06d8b2021eecc4917dad30"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1204.2959","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1204.2959","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:57:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1204.2959v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:57:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1204.2959","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:57:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2HFW4ERK3JOS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2HFW4ERK3JOST7EZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2HFW4ERK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:50Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:20b306f92b89bc4cd54226ddf88c9bb30ae7e5a177ab6b428706c10bf350926d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:57:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We perform global time-dependent simulations of an accretion disc around a young stellar object with a dead zone (a region where the magneto-rotational instability cannot drive turbulence because the material is not sufficiently ionised). For infall accretion rates on to the disc of around 10^-7 Msun/yr, dead zones occur if the critical magnetic Reynolds number is larger than about 10^4. We model the collapse of a molecular gas cloud. At early times when the infall accretion rate is high, the disc is thermally ionised and fully turbulent. However, as the infall accretion rate drops, a dead zon","authors_text":"J. E. Pringle, Mario Livio, Rebecca G. Martin, Stephen H. Lubow","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2012-04-13T11:46:37Z","title":"Dead Zones around Young Stellar Objects: FU Orionis Outbursts and Transition Discs"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1204.2959","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:811e5bbdace041ff519998705a2baf0eed063ad1e3bf97dca1e200e8813fa948","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:57:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2e58a08ceb051629de32437da3a50fefa0001cb633378f83bf4c3f07b70663f8","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2012-04-13T11:46:37Z","title_canon_sha256":"7cec1732abc237b2e551a3749127bd10150fae0d9a06d8b2021eecc4917dad30"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1204.2959","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"d1cb6e122ada5d29fc99595a154d91e4e37f99f40c5c0d80d1f4244494deeba0","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d1cb6e122ada5d29fc99595a154d91e4e37f99f40c5c0d80d1f4244494deeba0","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:57:52.773818Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:57:52.773818Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Je08A3vWbFv+f7yKWX8gOLTuebPR9SQTIQmQ60QD3A1EmdqEfLB0vrhEwl3PGkuwC/IKESYycKk/u83BEwa+DQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:57:52.774381Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1204.2959","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:811e5bbdace041ff519998705a2baf0eed063ad1e3bf97dca1e200e8813fa948","sha256:20b306f92b89bc4cd54226ddf88c9bb30ae7e5a177ab6b428706c10bf350926d"],"state_sha256":"9b0209082b15d68f64e7419efd1d87fa72ba92939acce35edac3744eb9d35e85"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"bxMzEaDcCHLPkC7fwQ3NzK/vxEB6/m9QRYwjSCgBTOtLgk+sGhqSVNIbRIOkzVbzTNIhD/rFRayD+hO2KWlfCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T14:22:02.832701Z","bundle_sha256":"091d46cb4a968542dfb768e823da08fbf8b72e5633ea59a8402edd6b0b9e91b8"}}